Abstract The viscoelastic response of four highly-filled elastomers has been investigated. Small deformation dynamic testing of these materials reveals thay they are nonlinear viscoelastic, as well as thermorheologically complex. Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior was observed as a pronounced strain dependence in the range of 0.1 to 10%. The degree of this nonlinear response was quantified through a constitutive equation containing a single nonlinear factor; resultant nonlinear factors for the various materials were compared and evaluated. Thermorheologically complex behavior was displayed by slightly different shift coefficients to superpose G'′ and G″ data. An approach for calculating material resilience from the viscoelastic data was also developed and a nomographic technique presented for its application. A composite adhesive joint, consisting of two layers of a filled NBR compound bonded together by a filled putty interlayer, was also studied. It was found that both the adhesive fracture energy and the effect of interlayer thickness could be related to the loss modulus of the putty interlayer. Finally, the effect of contact time on bond strength was evaluated and results presented as a master curve of adhesive fracture energy vs. temperature-reduced contact time.

Stacer, R. G., Husband, D. M., & Stacer, H. L. (1987). Viscoelastic Response and Adhesion Properties of Highly Filled Elastomers. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 60(2), 227–244.