DOI: 10.4158/ep09101.orr. Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

10.4158/ep09101.orr

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Endocrine Practice (78)

Bibliography

Yamshchikov, A. V., Desai, N. S., Blumberg, H. M., Ziegler, T. R., & Tangpricha, V. (2009). Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Endocrine Practice, 15(5), 438â449.

Authors 5

Alexandra V. Yamshchikov (first)
Nirali S. Desai (additional)
Henry M. Blumberg (additional)
Thomas R. Ziegler (additional)
Vin Tangpricha (additional)

References 54 Referenced 229

10.1177/000992287701600106 / Clin Pediatr (Phila). / The rachitic lung: pulmonary findings in 30 infants and children with malnutritional rickets by Khajavi (1977)
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.052 / J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol / Vitamin D in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis by Martineau (2007)
10.1097/01.CCM.0000253405.17038.43 / Crit Care Med. / Seasonal variation in the epidemiology of sepsis by Danai (2007)
10.1097/INF.0b013e3181817bc1 / Pediatr Infect Dis J. / Variations in vitamin D production could possibly explain the seasonality of childhood respiratory infections in Hawaii by Grant (2008)
10.1017/S0950268806007175 / Epidemiol Infect. / Epidemic influenza and vitamin D by Cannell (2006)
10.1210/jcem-57-6-1308 / J Clin Endocrinol Metab. / Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation by Bhalla (1983)
10.1126/science.505004 / Science. / Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid by Stumpf (1979)
10.1177/153537020422901108 / Exp Biol Med (Maywood). / Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence by Cantorna (2004)
10.1056/NEJMoa055222 / N Engl J Med. / Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1102] by Wactawski-Wende (2006)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0050', 'first-page': '2567', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D metabolism in human prostate cells: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention by vitamin D', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Flanagan', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Anticancer Res'} / Anticancer Res / Vitamin D metabolism in human prostate cells: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention by vitamin D by Flanagan (2006)
10.1126/science.1123933 / Science. / Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response by Liu (2006)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0060', 'first-page': '159', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Rook', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Immunology.'} / Immunology. / Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes by Rook (1986)
10.1128/IAI.55.12.2945-2950.1987 / Infect Immun / Inhibition by 1,25(OH)2- vitamin D3 of the multiplication of virulent tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages by Crowle (1981)
10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01549-6 / Microbes Infect. / Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity by Ramanathan (2002)
10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909 / J Immun. / Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression [published correction appears in J Immunol. 2004;173:following 6489] by Wang (2004)
10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801182c2 / Curr Opin Gastroenterol. / Defensins and cathelicidins in gastrointestinal infections by Wehkamp (2007)
10.1074/jbc.M102876200 / J Biol Chem. / 1alpha,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced monocyte antimycobacterial activity is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mediated by the NADPH-dependent phagocyte oxidase by Sly (2001)
10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.001 / Life Sci. / Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with chronic periodontitis by Tachi (2003)
10.1136/ard.2006.062018 / Ann Rheum Dis. / Genetic susceptibility to total hip arthroplasty failure: a preliminary study on the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6 polymorphisms and vitamin D receptor by Malik (2007)
10.1038/scientificamerican0890-26 / Sci Am / Space invaders: Extra! Extra! Flu linked to sunspots by Horgan (1990)
10.1093/aje/kwh227 / Am J Epidemiol. / Influenza and the winter increase in mortality in the United States, 1959-1999 by Reichert (2004)
10.1038/nature02951 / Nature. / Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus by Kobasa (2004)
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11772-7 / Lancet. / Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? by Cheung (2002)
10.1016/j.mam.2008.04.004 / Mol Aspects Med. / The paradoxical effects of vitamin D on type 1 mediated immunity by Cantorna (2008)
10.1089/10430349950018355 / Hum Gene Ther. / Epithelial defensins impair adenoviral infection: implication for adenovirus-mediated gene therapy by Gropp (1999)
10.1159/000086651 / Chem Immunol Allergy. / Antimicrobial peptides in lung inflammation by Beisswenger (2005)
10.1089/aid.2008.0183 / AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. / High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in ambulatory HIV-positive patients by Rodríguez (2009)
10.1089/aid.2008.0058 / AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. / Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1-infected individuals in the Netherlands: effects of antiretroviral therapy by Van Den Bout-Van Den Beukel (2008)
10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80264-5 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits productive infection of human monocytes by HIV-1 by Connor (1991)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0150', 'first-page': '1525', 'article-title': 'Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs on human immunodeficiency virus infection in monocytes/macrophages', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Kizaki', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Leukemia.'} / Leukemia. / Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs on human immunodeficiency virus infection in monocytes/macrophages by Kizaki (1993)
10.2174/157016207781023947 / Curr HIV Res. / The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 inhibits HIV-1 replication by Bergman (2007)
10.1002/eji.200737765 / Eur J Immunol. / Mapping immune response profiles: the emerging scenario from helminth immunology by Díaz (2007)
10.1080/13693780801971450 / Med Mycol. / Cell mediated immunity to fungi: a reassessment by Romani (2008)
10.1089/107999099313136 / J Interferon Cytokine Res. / Relationship of survival, organism containment, and granuloma formation in acute murine tuberculosis by Actor (1999)
10.1164/rccm.200804-567OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med. / Vitamin D as supplementary treatment for tuberculosis—a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Wejse (2009)
10.1164/rccm.200701-007OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med. / A single dose of vitamin D enhances immunity to mycobacteria by Martineau (2007)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0185', 'first-page': '3', 'article-title': 'The effect of vitamin D as supplementary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculous lesion', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Nursyam', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Acta Med Indones.'} / Acta Med Indones. / The effect of vitamin D as supplementary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculous lesion by Nursyam (2006)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0190', 'first-page': '157', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D administration to tuberculous children and its value', 'volume': '137', 'author': 'Morcos', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Boll Chim Farm.'} / Boll Chim Farm. / Vitamin D administration to tuberculous children and its value by Morcos (1998)
10.3164/jcbn.38.103 / J Clin Biochem Nutr. / Inhibitory effect of long term 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 administration on Helicobacter pylori infection by Kawaura (2006)
10.1053/ajkd.2001.27697 / Am J Kidney Dis. / A placebo-controlled trial to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of paricalcitol by Moe (2001)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0205', 'first-page': '58', 'article-title': 'Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Rehman', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'J Trop Pediatr.'} / J Trop Pediatr. / Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection by Rehman (1994)
10.1017/S0950268807008308 / Epidemiol Infect. / Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D [with author reply] by Aloia (2007)
10.1093/ageing/afm091 / Age Ageing. / Vitamin D supplementation to prevent infections: a substudy of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in older people (RECORD trial, ISRCTN 51647438) by Avenell (2007)
10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00476-9 / Vaccine. / Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) coadministered with influenza vaccine does not enhance humoral immunity in human volunteers by Kriesel (1999)
10.1542/peds.2008-0176 / Pediatrics. / Effect of bimonthly supplementation with oral cholecalciferol on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in HIV-infected children and adolescents [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2009;123:1437] by Arpadi (2009)
10.1007/s002280050289 / Eur J Clin Pharmacol. / Effects of calcitriol on eosinophil activity and antibody responses in patients with schistosomiasis by Snyman (1997)
{'key': '10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0235', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Li-Ng', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Epidemiol Infect.'} / Epidemiol Infect. / A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections by Li-Ng (2009)
10.1056/NEJMra070553 / N Engl J Med. / Vitamin D deficiency by Holick (2007)
10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63013-9 / Lancet / Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium or Vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial by Grant (2005)
10.1001/archinte.165.14.1618 / Arch Intern Med. / A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in African American women by Aloia (2005)
10.1093/infdis/157.2.332 / J Infect Dis. / Hepatitis B vaccines in patients with chronic renal failure before dialysis by Seaworth (1988)
10.1093/infdis/169.4.889 / J Infect Dis. / Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival by Haug (1994)
10.1079/BJN20051684 / Tanzania. Br J Nutr. / The effect of multi-vitamin/mineral supplementation on mortality during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised two-by-two factorial trial in Mwanza by Range (2006)
10.1086/587846 / J Infect Dis. / A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis by Villamor (2008)

Dates

Type	When
Created	16 years, 2 months ago (June 2, 2009, 9:14 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 15, 2021, 1:48 a.m.)
Indexed	2 months ago (June 24, 2025, 12:23 a.m.)
Issued	16 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 2009)
Published	16 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 2009)
Published Print	16 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 2009)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Yamshchikov_2009, title={Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials}, volume={15}, ISSN={1530-891X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep09101.orr}, DOI={10.4158/ep09101.orr}, number={5}, journal={Endocrine Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yamshchikov, Alexandra V. and Desai, Nirali S. and Blumberg, Henry M. and Ziegler, Thomas R. and Tangpricha, Vin}, year={2009}, month=jul, pages={438–449} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        6,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-06-24T04:23:56Z",
    "timestamp": 1750739036690
  },
  "reference-count": 54,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "5",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2009,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1246406400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2009,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.4158/ep09101.orr",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2009,
        6,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2009-06-03T01:14:03Z",
    "timestamp": 1243991643000
  },
  "page": "438-449",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 229,
  "title": "Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "15",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Alexandra V.",
      "family": "Yamshchikov",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Nirali S.",
      "family": "Desai",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Henry M.",
      "family": "Blumberg",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas R.",
      "family": "Ziegler",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Vin",
      "family": "Tangpricha",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0005",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "36",
      "DOI": "10.1177/000992287701600106",
      "article-title": "The rachitic lung: pulmonary findings in 30 infants and children with malnutritional rickets",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Khajavi",
      "year": "1977",
      "journal-title": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0010",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "793",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.052",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Martineau",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0015",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "410",
      "DOI": "10.1097/01.CCM.0000253405.17038.43",
      "article-title": "Seasonal variation in the epidemiology of sepsis",
      "volume": "35",
      "author": "Danai",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Crit Care Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0020",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "853",
      "DOI": "10.1097/INF.0b013e3181817bc1",
      "article-title": "Variations in vitamin D production could possibly explain the seasonality of childhood respiratory infections in Hawaii",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "Grant",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Pediatr Infect Dis J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0025",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1129",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0950268806007175",
      "article-title": "Epidemic influenza and vitamin D",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Cannell",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Epidemiol Infect."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0030",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1308",
      "DOI": "10.1210/jcem-57-6-1308",
      "article-title": "Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Bhalla",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0035",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1188",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.505004",
      "article-title": "Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid",
      "volume": "206",
      "author": "Stumpf",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "Science."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0040",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1136",
      "DOI": "10.1177/153537020422901108",
      "article-title": "Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence",
      "volume": "229",
      "author": "Cantorna",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0045",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "684",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa055222",
      "article-title": "Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1102]",
      "volume": "354",
      "author": "Wactawski-Wende",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0050",
      "first-page": "2567",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D metabolism in human prostate cells: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention by vitamin D",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Flanagan",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Anticancer Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0055",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1770",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1123933",
      "article-title": "Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response",
      "volume": "311",
      "author": "Liu",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Science."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0060",
      "first-page": "159",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Rook",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Immunology."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0065",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2945",
      "DOI": "10.1128/IAI.55.12.2945-2950.1987",
      "article-title": "Inhibition by 1,25(OH)2- vitamin D3 of the multiplication of virulent tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "Crowle",
      "year": "1981",
      "journal-title": "Infect Immun"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0070",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "361",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01549-6",
      "article-title": "Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Ramanathan",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Microbes Infect."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0075",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2909",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909",
      "article-title": "Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression [published correction appears in J Immunol. 2004;173:following 6489]",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J Immun."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0080",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "32",
      "DOI": "10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801182c2",
      "article-title": "Defensins and cathelicidins in gastrointestinal infections",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Wehkamp",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Gastroenterol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0085",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35482",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M102876200",
      "article-title": "1alpha,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced monocyte antimycobacterial activity is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mediated by the NADPH-dependent phagocyte oxidase",
      "volume": "276",
      "author": "Sly",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0090",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3313",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.001",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with chronic periodontitis",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Tachi",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Life Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0095",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1116",
      "DOI": "10.1136/ard.2006.062018",
      "article-title": "Genetic susceptibility to total hip arthroplasty failure: a preliminary study on the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6 polymorphisms and vitamin D receptor",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Malik",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Ann Rheum Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "26",
      "DOI": "10.1038/scientificamerican0890-26",
      "article-title": "Space invaders: Extra! Extra! Flu linked to sunspots",
      "volume": "262",
      "author": "Horgan",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Sci Am"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "492",
      "DOI": "10.1093/aje/kwh227",
      "article-title": "Influenza and the winter increase in mortality in the United States, 1959-1999",
      "volume": "160",
      "author": "Reichert",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J Epidemiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "703",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature02951",
      "article-title": "Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus",
      "volume": "431",
      "author": "Kobasa",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Nature."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0115",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1831",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11772-7",
      "article-title": "Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease?",
      "volume": "360",
      "author": "Cheung",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Lancet."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0120",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "369",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.mam.2008.04.004",
      "article-title": "The paradoxical effects of vitamin D on type 1 mediated immunity",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "Cantorna",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Mol Aspects Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0125",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "957",
      "DOI": "10.1089/10430349950018355",
      "article-title": "Epithelial defensins impair adenoviral infection: implication for adenovirus-mediated gene therapy",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Gropp",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Hum Gene Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0130",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "55",
      "DOI": "10.1159/000086651",
      "article-title": "Antimicrobial peptides in lung inflammation",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Beisswenger",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Chem Immunol Allergy."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0135",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9",
      "DOI": "10.1089/aid.2008.0183",
      "article-title": "High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in ambulatory HIV-positive patients",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "Rodr\u00edguez",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0140",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1375",
      "DOI": "10.1089/aid.2008.0058",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1-infected individuals in the Netherlands: effects of antiretroviral therapy",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Van Den Bout-Van Den Beukel",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0145",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "852",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80264-5",
      "article-title": "1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits productive infection of human monocytes by HIV-1",
      "volume": "176",
      "author": "Connor",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0150",
      "first-page": "1525",
      "article-title": "Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs on human immunodeficiency virus infection in monocytes/macrophages",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Kizaki",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Leukemia."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0155",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "410",
      "DOI": "10.2174/157016207781023947",
      "article-title": "The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 inhibits HIV-1 replication",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Bergman",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Curr HIV Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0160",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3319",
      "DOI": "10.1002/eji.200737765",
      "article-title": "Mapping immune response profiles: the emerging scenario from helminth immunology",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "D\u00edaz",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Eur J Immunol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0165",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "515",
      "DOI": "10.1080/13693780801971450",
      "article-title": "Cell mediated immunity to fungi: a reassessment",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "Romani",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Med Mycol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0170",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1183",
      "DOI": "10.1089/107999099313136",
      "article-title": "Relationship of survival, organism containment, and granuloma formation in acute murine tuberculosis",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Actor",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Interferon Cytokine Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0175",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "843",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200804-567OC",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D as supplementary treatment for tuberculosis\u2014a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Wejse",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0180",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "208",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200701-007OC",
      "article-title": "A single dose of vitamin D enhances immunity to mycobacteria",
      "volume": "176",
      "author": "Martineau",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0185",
      "first-page": "3",
      "article-title": "The effect of vitamin D as supplementary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculous lesion",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Nursyam",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Acta Med Indones."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0190",
      "first-page": "157",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D administration to tuberculous children and its value",
      "volume": "137",
      "author": "Morcos",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Boll Chim Farm."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0195",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "103",
      "DOI": "10.3164/jcbn.38.103",
      "article-title": "Inhibitory effect of long term 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 administration on Helicobacter pylori infection",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Kawaura",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Biochem Nutr."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0200",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "792",
      "DOI": "10.1053/ajkd.2001.27697",
      "article-title": "A placebo-controlled trial to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of paricalcitol",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Moe",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Am J Kidney Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0205",
      "first-page": "58",
      "article-title": "Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "Rehman",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Trop Pediatr."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0210",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1095",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0950268807008308",
      "article-title": "Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D [with author reply]",
      "volume": "135",
      "author": "Aloia",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Epidemiol Infect."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0215",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "574",
      "DOI": "10.1093/ageing/afm091",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D supplementation to prevent infections: a substudy of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in older people (RECORD trial, ISRCTN 51647438)",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "Avenell",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Age Ageing."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0220",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1883",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00476-9",
      "article-title": "Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) coadministered with influenza vaccine does not enhance humoral immunity in human volunteers",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Kriesel",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Vaccine."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0225",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "e121",
      "DOI": "10.1542/peds.2008-0176",
      "article-title": "Effect of bimonthly supplementation with oral cholecalciferol on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in HIV-infected children and adolescents [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2009;123:1437]",
      "volume": "123",
      "author": "Arpadi",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Pediatrics."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0230",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "277",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s002280050289",
      "article-title": "Effects of calcitriol on eosinophil activity and antibody responses in patients with schistosomiasis",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "Snyman",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Eur J Clin Pharmacol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0235",
      "first-page": "1",
      "article-title": "A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Li-Ng",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Epidemiol Infect."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0240",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "266",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMra070553",
      "article-title": "Vitamin D deficiency",
      "volume": "357",
      "author": "Holick",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0245",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1621",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63013-9",
      "article-title": "Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium or Vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial",
      "volume": "365",
      "author": "Grant",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0250",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1618",
      "DOI": "10.1001/archinte.165.14.1618",
      "article-title": "A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in African American women",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Aloia",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Arch Intern Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0255",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "332",
      "DOI": "10.1093/infdis/157.2.332",
      "article-title": "Hepatitis B vaccines in patients with chronic renal failure before dialysis",
      "volume": "157",
      "author": "Seaworth",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "J Infect Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0260",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "889",
      "DOI": "10.1093/infdis/169.4.889",
      "article-title": "Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival",
      "volume": "169",
      "author": "Haug",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Infect Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0265",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "762",
      "DOI": "10.1079/BJN20051684",
      "article-title": "The effect of multi-vitamin/mineral supplementation on mortality during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised two-by-two factorial trial in Mwanza",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Range",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Tanzania. Br J Nutr."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.4158/EP09101.ORR_bb0270",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1499",
      "DOI": "10.1086/587846",
      "article-title": "A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis",
      "volume": "197",
      "author": "Villamor",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J Infect Dis."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Endocrine Practice",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1530891X20411802?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1530891X20411802?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://aace.metapress.com/index/J18MWVG5T33N4337.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        1,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-01-15T06:48:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1610693295000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1530891X20411802"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2009,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 54,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2009,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S1530891X20411802"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/EP09101.ORR",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1530-891X"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Endocrine Practice",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2009,
        7
      ]
    ]
  }
}