DOI: 10.3390/s100302088. Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors

Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors

10.3390/s100302088

Crossref journal-article

MDPI AG

Sensors (1968)

Abstract

Conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors have been widely used and investigated in the detection of gases. Investigations have indicated that the gas sensing process is strongly related to surface reactions, so one of the important parameters of gas sensors, the sensitivity of the metal oxide based materials, will change with the factors influencing the surface reactions, such as chemical components, surface-modification and microstructures of sensing layers, temperature and humidity. In this brief review, attention will be focused on changes of sensitivity of conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors due to the five factors mentioned above.

Bibliography

Wang, C., Yin, L., Zhang, L., Xiang, D., & Gao, R. (2010). Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors. Sensors, 10(3), 2088â2106.

Authors 5

Chengxiang Wang (first)
Longwei Yin (additional)
Luyuan Zhang (additional)
Dong Xiang (additional)
Rui Gao (additional)

References 80 Referenced 2,461

10.1016/j.mseb.2007.01.044 / Mater. Sci. Eng. B / Metal Oxides for Solid-State Gas Sensors: What Determines Our Choice? by Korotcenkov (2007)
10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.047 / Sens. Actuat. B / Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensor Research: How to? by Barsan (2007)
10.1016/j.mser.2008.02.001 / Mater. Sci. Eng R / The Role of Morphology and Crystallographic Structure of Metal Oxides in Response of Conductometric-Type Gas Sensors by Korotcenkov (2008)
10.3390/s6101345 / Sensors / Surface Science Studies of Gas Sensing Materials: SnO2 by Batzill (2006)
10.1007/s002160051490 / Fresenius J. Anal. Chem / Fundamental and Practical Aspects in the Design of Nanoscaled SnO2 Gas Sensors: a Status Report by Barsan (1999)
10.1023/A:1027402430153 / J. Mater. Sci / Ceramics for Chemical Sensing by Park (2003)
10.1016/j.progsurf.2005.09.002 / Prog. Surf. Sci / The Surface and Materials Science of Tin Oxide by Batzill (2005)
10.3390/s90604323 / Sensors / Solid State Gas Sensor Research in Germany—a Status Report by Moos (2009)
10.1007/s11172-008-0139-z / Russ. Chem. Bull / Chemical Modification of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Effect of the Real Structure and Surface Chemistry on the Sensor Properties by Rumyantseva (2008)
10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.026 / Sens. Actuat. B / Gas Sensors Using Hierarchical and Hollow Oxide Nanostructures: Overview by Lee (2009)
10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.051 / Sens. Actuat. B / Perovskite Oxides for Semiconductor-Based Gas Sensors by Fergus (2007)
10.1016/j.mser.2006.04.002 / Mater. Sci. Eng. R / Quasi-One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Materials-Synthesis, Properties and Applications by Lu (2006)
10.1088/0034-4885/43/11/001 / Rep. Prog. Phys / The Hall Effect in Polycrystalline and Powdered Semiconductors by Orton (1980)
10.1007/s10832-004-5178-8 / J. Electroceram / On the Relationship between the Grain Size and Gas-Sensitivity of Chemo-Resistive Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors with Nanosized Grains by Rothschild (2004)
10.1063/1.1728314 / J. Appl. Phys / The Effect of Grain Size on the Sensitivity of Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors by Rothschild (2004)
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.003 / Prog.Mater. Sci / Quasi-One Dimensional Metal Oxide Semiconductors: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Chemical Sensors by Comini (2009)
10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.006 / Sens. Actuat. B / Gas Response Control through Structural and Chemical Modification of Metal Oxide Films: State of the Art and Approaches by Korotcenkov (2005)
10.1016/j.snb.2009.01.023 / Sens. Actuat. B / New Perspectives of Gas Sensor Technology by Yamazoe (2009)
10.1002/chem.200700927 / Chem. Eur. J / Porous Metal Oxides as Gas Sensors by Tiemann (2007)
10.1080/10408430490888977 / Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci / Oxide Materials for Development of Integrated Gas Sensors-A Comprehensive Review by Eranna (2004)
10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00675-X / Sens. Actuators B / Metal Oxide Semiconductor N2O Sensor for Medical Use by Kanazawa (2001)
Henrich, V.E., and Cox, P.A. (1994). The Surface Science of Metal Oxides, Cambridge University Press.
10.1002/smll.200500261 / Small / Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Chemiresistors: Does the Nanoscale Matter? by Franke (2006)
10.1016/0925-4005(91)80007-7 / Sens. Actuat. B / Conductance, Work Function and Catalytic Activity of SnO2-Based Gas Sensors by Schierbaum (1991)
10.1016/0925-4005(94)01546-T / Sens. Actuat. B / SnO2 Sensors-Current Status and Future Prospects by Schierbaum (1995)
10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00275-5 / Sens. Actuat. B / Electrical and CO Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO-SnO2 Composites by Yu (1998)
10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00309-3 / Sens. Actuat. B / A Study of the Catalytic and Vapour-Sensing Properties of Zinc Oxide and Tin Dioxide in Relation to 1-Butanol and Dimethyldisulphide by Ewen (1999)
10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.011 / Sens. Actuat. B / Synthesis and Enhanced Ethanol Sensing Properties of α-Fe2O3/ZnO Heteronanostructures by Zhu (2009)
10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00317-1 / Sens. Actuat. B / CO Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO-CuO Composite by Yoon (1998)
10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00499-9 / Appl. Catal. A: Gen / A New Metal Oxide Catalyst in Alcohol Condensation by Teterycz (2001)
10.1016/0925-4005(96)80098-0 / Sens. Actuat. B / Metal Oxide Sensors by Meixner (1996)
10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00258-2 / Sens. Actuat. B / Thick Film Organic Vapour Sensors Based On Binary Mixtures of Metal Oxides by Ewen (2003)
10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00624-5 / Sens. Actuat. B / Influence of Chemical Composition and Structural Factors of Fe2O3/In2O3 Sensors on Their Selectivity and Sensitivity to Ethanol by Ivanovskaya (2003)
10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00446-4 / Mater.Sci. Eng. B / Sensing Properties of CuO-ZnO Heterojunction Gas Sensors by Hu (2003)
10.1016/j.snb.2004.02.017 / Sens. Actuat. B / The Effect of Relative Humidity on the NO2 Sensitivity of a SnO2/WO3 Heterojunction Gas Sensor by Ling (2004)
10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.004 / Sens. Actuat. B / Hydrogen Sensitivity of Doped CuO/ZnO Heterocontact Sensors by Cann (2005)
10.1016/j.snb.2006.02.022 / Sens. Actuat. B / Heterocontact Type CuO-Modified SnO2 Sensor for the Detection of a ppm Level H2S Gas at Room Temperature by Patil (2006)
10.1016/j.snb.2007.04.035 / Sens. Actuat. B / Physical Behaviour of BaTiO3-CuO Thin-Film under Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres by Mandayo (2007)
10.1007/s12034-008-0062-9 / Bull. Mater. Sci / Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Nanoscale Platinum Islands Loaded onto SnO2 Thin Film for Sensitive LPG Gas Sensors by Haridas (2008)
10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00503-1 / Sens. Actuat. B / Hydrogen Sensing Properties of SnO2 Varistors Loaded with SiO2 by Surface Chemical Modification with Diethoxydimethylsilane by Hyodo (2000)
10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.029 / Chem. Phys. Lett / Room Temperature Methane Detection Using Palladium Loaded Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors by Lu (2004)
10.1021/jp804250f / J. Phys. Chem. C / Low-Temperature Synthesis of Tunable Mesoporous Crystalline Transition Metal Oxides and Applications as Au Catalyst Supports by Wang (2008)
10.1016/j.snb.2008.02.030 / Sens. Actuat. B / Improved Response Characteristics of SnO2 Thin Film Loaded with Nanoscale Catalysts for LPG Detection by Haridas (2008)
10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00669-4 / Sens. Actuat. B / Improvement of SO2 Sensing Properties of WO3 by Noble metal Loading by Shimizu (2001)
10.1016/j.snb.2004.09.045 / Sens. Actuat. B / Effects of Various Metal Additives on the Gas Sensing Performances of TiO2 Nanocrystals Obtained from Hydrothermal Treatments by Ruiz (2005)
10.1021/nl050082v / Nano Lett / Enhanced Gas Sensing by Individual SnO2 Nanowires and Nanobelts Functionalized with Pd Catalyst Particles by Kolmakov (2005)
10.1063/1.461419 / J. Chem. Phys / Precursor State in the Chemisorption of CO on Supported Palladium Clusters by Henry (1991)
10.1139/v61-157 / Can. J. Chem / Recombination of Atoms at the Surface of Thermocouple Probes by Tsu (1961)
10.1016/S1381-1169(98)00287-8 / J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem / On the Nature of Spilt-over hydrogen by Boudart (1999)
10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00371-3 / Sens. Actuat. B / Nanosized Tin Oxide as the Novel Material with Simultaneous Detection towards CO, H2 and CH4 by Lu (2000)
10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09152-3 / Thin Solid Films / Grain Size Effects on H2 Gas Sensitivity of Thick Film Resistor Using SnO2 Nanoparticles by Ansari (1997)
10.1023/A:1014405811371 / J. Electroceram / Conduction Model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors by Barsan (2001)
10.1016/0925-4005(91)80207-Z / Sens. Actuat. B / Grain Size Effects on Gas Sensitivity of Porous SnO2-Based Elements by Xu (1991)
10.1016/j.snb.2004.11.054 / Sens. Actuat. B / Ammonia Sensors and Their Applications-a Review by Timmer (2005)
10.1016/0925-4005(94)01395-0 / Sens. Actuat. B / Transition between Neck-Controlled and Grain-Boundary-Controlled Sensitivity of Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors by Wang (1995)
10.1016/0925-4005(93)00873-W / Sens. Actuators B / Conduction Models in Gas-Sensing SnO2 Layers: Grain-Size Effects and Ambient Atmosphere Influence by Barsan (1994)
10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.027 / Sens. Actuat. B / Properties and Mechanism Study of SnO2 Nanocrystals for H2S Thick-Film Sensors by Liu (2009)
10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.107 / Thin Solid Films / Structural Stability of Indium Oxide Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis During Thermal Annealing by Korotcenkov (2005)
10.1002/1521-3765(20020104)8:1<28::AID-CHEM28>3.0.CO;2-B / Chem. Eur. J / Size-Dependent Chemistry: Properties of Nanocrystals by Rao (2002)
10.1002/smll.200701177 / Small / Synthesis of Polyhedral ZnSnO3 Microcrystals with Controlled Exposed Facets and Their Selective Gas-Sensing Properties by Geng (2008)
10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00228-9 / Sens. Actuat. B / Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2-Based Powders and Their Gas-Sensing Properties by Devi (2002)
10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00510-8 / Thin Solid Films / Mesoporous Catalytic Filters for Semiconductor Gas Sensors by Cabot (2003)
Ciesla, U., Demuth, D., Leon, R., Petroff, P., Stucky, G., Unger, K., and Schuth, F. (1994). Surfactant Controlled Preparation of Mesostructured Transition-Metal Oxide Compounds. Chem. Commun, 1387–1388. (10.1039/C39940001387)
10.1039/jm9960600089 / J. Mater. Chem / Preparation and Characterisation of Mesoporous, High-Surface-Area Zirconium (IV) Oxide by Hudson (1996)
10.1016/j.matlet.2007.08.081 / Mater. Lett / Synthesis of Nano-SnO2/SBA-15 Composite as a Highly Sensitive Semiconductor Oxide Gas Sensor by Yang (2008)
10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.009 / Chem. Phys. Lett / Adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 on Ordered Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieve by Liu (2005)
10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00325-0 / Sens. Actuators B / Tin Oxide-Based Methane Gas Sensor Promoted by Alumina-Supported Pd Catalyst by Kim (1997)
10.1063/1.331230 / J. Appl. Phys / Hall Measurement Studies and an Electrical Conduction Model of Tin Oxide Ultrafine Particle Films by Ogawa (1982)
10.1016/j.snb.2009.03.065 / Sens. Actuat. B / Percolating SnO2 Nanowire Network as a Stable Gas Sensor: Direct Comparison of Long-Term Performance versus SnO2 Nanoparticle Films by Sysoev (2009)
10.1016/0925-4005(94)01268-M / Sens. Actuat. B / Ceramic Sensors for Humidity Detection: The State-of-the-art and Future Developments by Traversa (1995)
10.1039/DF9715200239 / Discuss. Faraday Soc / Adsorption of Water Vapour on α-Fe2O3 by McCafferty (1971)
10.1016/j.snb.2008.04.011 / Sens. Actuat. B / Electrical Response of Sm2O3-Doped SnO2 to C2H2 and Effect of Humidity Interference by Qi (2008)
10.1016/j.snb.2005.04.035 / Sens. Actuat. B / Micromachined Nanocrystalline Silver Doped SnO2 H2S Sensor by Gong (2006)
10.1246/bcsj.51.3144 / Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn / Temperature Programmed Desorption Study of Water Absorbed on Metal Oxides. I. Anatase and Rutile by Egashira (1978)
10.1016/j.snb.2008.06.032 / Sens. Actuat. B / Ultrathin SnO2 Gas Sensors Fabricated by Spray Pyrolysis for the Detection of Humidity and Carbon Monoxide by Tischner (2008)
10.1002/adma.200800243 / Adv. Mater / Fabrication and Gas-Sensing Properties of Porous ZnO Nanoplates by Jing (2008)
10.1016/j.snb.2008.06.046 / Sens. Actuat. B / Investigation of Gas-Sensitivity of Sensor Structures to Hydrogen in a Wide Range of Temperature, Concentration and Humidity of Gas Medium by Malyshev (2008)
10.1021/nl061197h / Nano Lett / Ultrasensitive Chemiresistors Based on Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers by Kim (2006)
10.1021/cm800794y / Chem. Mater / Highly Sensitive and Fast-Responding Ethanol Sensor Based on CdIn2O4 Nanocrystals Synthesized by a Nonaqueous Sol-Gel Route by Cao (2008)
10.1016/j.physe.2008.07.007 / Physica E / Mixed SnO2/TiO2 Included with Carbon Nanotubes for Gas-Sensing Application by Duy (2008)

Dates

Type	When
Created	15 years, 5 months ago (March 15, 2010, 12:15 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 3 months ago (May 29, 2024, 1:16 a.m.)
Indexed	15 hours, 41 minutes ago (Sept. 6, 2025, 3:54 p.m.)
Issued	15 years, 5 months ago (March 15, 2010)
Published	15 years, 5 months ago (March 15, 2010)
Published Online	15 years, 5 months ago (March 15, 2010)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Wang_2010, title={Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors}, volume={10}, ISSN={1424-8220}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100302088}, DOI={10.3390/s100302088}, number={3}, journal={Sensors}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Wang, Chengxiang and Yin, Longwei and Zhang, Luyuan and Xiang, Dong and Gao, Rui}, year={2010}, month=mar, pages={2088–2106} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-06T19:54:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1757188454647
  },
  "reference-count": 80,
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "issue": "3",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2010,
            3,
            15
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2010-03-15T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1268611200000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors have been widely used and investigated in the detection of gases. Investigations have indicated that the gas sensing process is strongly related to surface reactions, so one of the important parameters of gas sensors, the sensitivity of the metal oxide based materials, will change with the factors influencing the surface reactions, such as chemical components, surface-modification and microstructures of sensing layers, temperature and humidity. In this brief review, attention will be focused on changes of sensitivity of conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors due to the five factors mentioned above.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.3390/s100302088",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        3,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2010-03-15T16:15:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1268669715000
  },
  "page": "2088-2106",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 2461,
  "title": "Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors",
  "prefix": "10.3390",
  "volume": "10",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Chengxiang",
      "family": "Wang",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Longwei",
      "family": "Yin",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Luyuan",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Dong",
      "family": "Xiang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Rui",
      "family": "Gao",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "1968",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        3,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "ref_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.mseb.2007.01.044",
      "article-title": "Metal Oxides for Solid-State Gas Sensors: What Determines Our Choice?",
      "volume": "139",
      "author": "Korotcenkov",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Sci. Eng. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "18",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.047",
      "article-title": "Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensor Research: How to?",
      "volume": "121",
      "author": "Barsan",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.mser.2008.02.001",
      "article-title": "The Role of Morphology and Crystallographic Structure of Metal Oxides in Response of Conductometric-Type Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Korotcenkov",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Sci. Eng R"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1345",
      "DOI": "10.3390/s6101345",
      "article-title": "Surface Science Studies of Gas Sensing Materials: SnO2",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Batzill",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Sensors"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "287",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s002160051490",
      "article-title": "Fundamental and Practical Aspects in the Design of Nanoscaled SnO2 Gas Sensors: a Status Report",
      "volume": "365",
      "author": "Barsan",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Fresenius J. Anal. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4611",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1027402430153",
      "article-title": "Ceramics for Chemical Sensing",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Park",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "47",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.progsurf.2005.09.002",
      "article-title": "The Surface and Materials Science of Tin Oxide",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "Batzill",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Surf. Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4323",
      "DOI": "10.3390/s90604323",
      "article-title": "Solid State Gas Sensor Research in Germany\u2014a Status Report",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Moos",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sensors"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1106",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s11172-008-0139-z",
      "article-title": "Chemical Modification of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Effect of the Real Structure and Surface Chemistry on the Sensor Properties",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Rumyantseva",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Russ. Chem. Bull"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "319",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.026",
      "article-title": "Gas Sensors Using Hierarchical and Hollow Oxide Nanostructures: Overview",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1169",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.051",
      "article-title": "Perovskite Oxides for Semiconductor-Based Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "123",
      "author": "Fergus",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "49",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.mser.2006.04.002",
      "article-title": "Quasi-One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Materials-Synthesis, Properties and Applications",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "Lu",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Sci. Eng. R"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1263",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0034-4885/43/11/001",
      "article-title": "The Hall Effect in Polycrystalline and Powdered Semiconductors",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Orton",
      "year": "1980",
      "journal-title": "Rep. Prog. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "697",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s10832-004-5178-8",
      "article-title": "On the Relationship between the Grain Size and Gas-Sensitivity of Chemo-Resistive Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors with Nanosized Grains",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Rothschild",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Electroceram"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6374",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1728314",
      "article-title": "The Effect of Grain Size on the Sensitivity of Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Rothschild",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.003",
      "article-title": "Quasi-One Dimensional Metal Oxide Semiconductors: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Chemical Sensors",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "Comini",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Prog.Mater. Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "209",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.006",
      "article-title": "Gas Response Control through Structural and Chemical Modification of Metal Oxide Films: State of the Art and Approaches",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Korotcenkov",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "100",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2009.01.023",
      "article-title": "New Perspectives of Gas Sensor Technology",
      "volume": "138",
      "author": "Yamazoe",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8376",
      "DOI": "10.1002/chem.200700927",
      "article-title": "Porous Metal Oxides as Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Tiemann",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Eur. J"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "111",
      "DOI": "10.1080/10408430490888977",
      "article-title": "Oxide Materials for Development of Integrated Gas Sensors-A Comprehensive Review",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "Eranna",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "72",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00675-X",
      "article-title": "Metal Oxide Semiconductor N2O Sensor for Medical Use",
      "volume": "77",
      "author": "Kanazawa",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuators B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_22",
      "unstructured": "Henrich, V.E., and Cox, P.A. (1994). The Surface Science of Metal Oxides, Cambridge University Press."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "36",
      "DOI": "10.1002/smll.200500261",
      "article-title": "Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Chemiresistors: Does the Nanoscale Matter?",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Franke",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Small"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "205",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(91)80007-7",
      "article-title": "Conductance, Work Function and Catalytic Activity of SnO2-Based Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Schierbaum",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(94)01546-T",
      "article-title": "SnO2 Sensors-Current Status and Future Prospects",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Schierbaum",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "251",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00275-5",
      "article-title": "Electrical and CO Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO-SnO2 Composites",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "Yu",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "199",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00309-3",
      "article-title": "A Study of the Catalytic and Vapour-Sensing Properties of Zinc Oxide and Tin Dioxide in Relation to 1-Butanol and Dimethyldisulphide",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Ewen",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "185",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.011",
      "article-title": "Synthesis and Enhanced Ethanol Sensing Properties of \u03b1-Fe2O3/ZnO Heteronanostructures",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "Zhu",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "15",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00317-1",
      "article-title": "CO Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO-CuO Composite",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "Yoon",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "243",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00499-9",
      "article-title": "A New Metal Oxide Catalyst in Alcohol Condensation",
      "volume": "214",
      "author": "Teterycz",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Catal. A: Gen"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "198",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(96)80098-0",
      "article-title": "Metal Oxide Sensors",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "Meixner",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "159",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00258-2",
      "article-title": "Thick Film Organic Vapour Sensors Based On Binary Mixtures of Metal Oxides",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Ewen",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "498",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00624-5",
      "article-title": "Influence of Chemical Composition and Structural Factors of Fe2O3/In2O3 Sensors on Their Selectivity and Sensitivity to Ethanol",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Ivanovskaya",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "41",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00446-4",
      "article-title": "Sensing Properties of CuO-ZnO Heterojunction Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Hu",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Mater.Sci. Eng. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "102",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2004.02.017",
      "article-title": "The Effect of Relative Humidity on the NO2 Sensitivity of a SnO2/WO3 Heterojunction Gas Sensor",
      "volume": "102",
      "author": "Ling",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "837",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.004",
      "article-title": "Hydrogen Sensitivity of Doped CuO/ZnO Heterocontact Sensors",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Cann",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "316",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2006.02.022",
      "article-title": "Heterocontact Type CuO-Modified SnO2 Sensor for the Detection of a ppm Level H2S Gas at Room Temperature",
      "volume": "120",
      "author": "Patil",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "370",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2007.04.035",
      "article-title": "Physical Behaviour of BaTiO3-CuO Thin-Film under Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres",
      "volume": "127",
      "author": "Mandayo",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "397",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s12034-008-0062-9",
      "article-title": "Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Nanoscale Platinum Islands Loaded onto SnO2 Thin Film for Sensitive LPG Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "Haridas",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Mater. Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "175",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00503-1",
      "article-title": "Hydrogen Sensing Properties of SnO2 Varistors Loaded with SiO2 by Surface Chemical Modification with Diethoxydimethylsilane",
      "volume": "64",
      "author": "Hyodo",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "344",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.029",
      "article-title": "Room Temperature Methane Detection Using Palladium Loaded Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors",
      "volume": "391",
      "author": "Lu",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Phys. Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13499",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp804250f",
      "article-title": "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Tunable Mesoporous Crystalline Transition Metal Oxides and Applications as Au Catalyst Supports",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Chem. C"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "270",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2008.02.030",
      "article-title": "Improved Response Characteristics of SnO2 Thin Film Loaded with Nanoscale Catalysts for LPG Detection",
      "volume": "133",
      "author": "Haridas",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00669-4",
      "article-title": "Improvement of SO2 Sensing Properties of WO3 by Noble metal Loading",
      "volume": "77",
      "author": "Shimizu",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "34",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2004.09.045",
      "article-title": "Effects of Various Metal Additives on the Gas Sensing Performances of TiO2 Nanocrystals Obtained from Hydrothermal Treatments",
      "volume": "108",
      "author": "Ruiz",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "667",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl050082v",
      "article-title": "Enhanced Gas Sensing by Individual SnO2 Nanowires and Nanobelts Functionalized with Pd Catalyst Particles",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Kolmakov",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "700",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.461419",
      "article-title": "Precursor State in the Chemisorption of CO on Supported Palladium Clusters",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Henry",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1239",
      "DOI": "10.1139/v61-157",
      "article-title": "Recombination of Atoms at the Surface of Thermocouple Probes",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "Tsu",
      "year": "1961",
      "journal-title": "Can. J. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "319",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1381-1169(98)00287-8",
      "article-title": "On the Nature of Spilt-over hydrogen",
      "volume": "138",
      "author": "Boudart",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "225",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00371-3",
      "article-title": "Nanosized Tin Oxide as the Novel Material with Simultaneous Detection towards CO, H2 and CH4",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Lu",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "271",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09152-3",
      "article-title": "Grain Size Effects on H2 Gas Sensitivity of Thick Film Resistor Using SnO2 Nanoparticles",
      "volume": "295",
      "author": "Ansari",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Thin Solid Films"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "143",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1014405811371",
      "article-title": "Conduction Model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Barsan",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J. Electroceram"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "147",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(91)80207-Z",
      "article-title": "Grain Size Effects on Gas Sensitivity of Porous SnO2-Based Elements",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Xu",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "666",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2004.11.054",
      "article-title": "Ammonia Sensors and Their Applications-a Review",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Timmer",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "454",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(94)01395-0",
      "article-title": "Transition between Neck-Controlled and Grain-Boundary-Controlled Sensitivity of Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(93)00873-W",
      "article-title": "Conduction Models in Gas-Sensing SnO2 Layers: Grain-Size Effects and Ambient Atmosphere Influence",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Barsan",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuators B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "190",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.027",
      "article-title": "Properties and Mechanism Study of SnO2 Nanocrystals for H2S Thick-Film Sensors",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "Liu",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "38",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.107",
      "article-title": "Structural Stability of Indium Oxide Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis During Thermal Annealing",
      "volume": "479",
      "author": "Korotcenkov",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Thin Solid Films"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "28",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1521-3765(20020104)8:1<28::AID-CHEM28>3.0.CO;2-B",
      "article-title": "Size-Dependent Chemistry: Properties of Nanocrystals",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Rao",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Eur. J"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1337",
      "DOI": "10.1002/smll.200701177",
      "article-title": "Synthesis of Polyhedral ZnSnO3 Microcrystals with Controlled Exposed Facets and Their Selective Gas-Sensing Properties",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Geng",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Small"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "122",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00228-9",
      "article-title": "Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2-Based Powders and Their Gas-Sensing Properties",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Devi",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "64",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00510-8",
      "article-title": "Mesoporous Catalytic Filters for Semiconductor Gas Sensors",
      "volume": "436",
      "author": "Cabot",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Thin Solid Films"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Ciesla, U., Demuth, D., Leon, R., Petroff, P., Stucky, G., Unger, K., and Schuth, F. (1994). Surfactant Controlled Preparation of Mesostructured Transition-Metal Oxide Compounds. Chem. Commun, 1387\u20131388.",
      "DOI": "10.1039/C39940001387"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "89",
      "DOI": "10.1039/jm9960600089",
      "article-title": "Preparation and Characterisation of Mesoporous, High-Surface-Area Zirconium (IV) Oxide",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Hudson",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1441",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.matlet.2007.08.081",
      "article-title": "Synthesis of Nano-SnO2/SBA-15 Composite as a Highly Sensitive Semiconductor Oxide Gas Sensor",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Yang",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "198",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.009",
      "article-title": "Adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 on Ordered Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieve",
      "volume": "415",
      "author": "Liu",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Phys. Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "271",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00325-0",
      "article-title": "Tin Oxide-Based Methane Gas Sensor Promoted by Alumina-Supported Pd Catalyst",
      "volume": "45",
      "author": "Kim",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuators B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4448",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.331230",
      "article-title": "Hall Measurement Studies and an Electrical Conduction Model of Tin Oxide Ultrafine Particle Films",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "Ogawa",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "699",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2009.03.065",
      "article-title": "Percolating SnO2 Nanowire Network as a Stable Gas Sensor: Direct Comparison of Long-Term Performance versus SnO2 Nanoparticle Films",
      "volume": "139",
      "author": "Sysoev",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "135",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0925-4005(94)01268-M",
      "article-title": "Ceramic Sensors for Humidity Detection: The State-of-the-art and Future Developments",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Traversa",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1039/DF9715200239",
      "article-title": "Adsorption of Water Vapour on \u03b1-Fe2O3",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "McCafferty",
      "year": "1971",
      "journal-title": "Discuss. Faraday Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "36",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2008.04.011",
      "article-title": "Electrical Response of Sm2O3-Doped SnO2 to C2H2 and Effect of Humidity Interference",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Qi",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "32",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2005.04.035",
      "article-title": "Micromachined Nanocrystalline Silver Doped SnO2 H2S Sensor",
      "volume": "114",
      "author": "Gong",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3144",
      "DOI": "10.1246/bcsj.51.3144",
      "article-title": "Temperature Programmed Desorption Study of Water Absorbed on Metal Oxides. I. Anatase and Rutile",
      "volume": "51",
      "author": "Egashira",
      "year": "1978",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "796",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2008.06.032",
      "article-title": "Ultrathin SnO2 Gas Sensors Fabricated by Spray Pyrolysis for the Detection of Humidity and Carbon Monoxide",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Tischner",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4547",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200800243",
      "article-title": "Fabrication and Gas-Sensing Properties of Porous ZnO Nanoplates",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Jing",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_77",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "913",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.snb.2008.06.046",
      "article-title": "Investigation of Gas-Sensitivity of Sensor Structures to Hydrogen in a Wide Range of Temperature, Concentration and Humidity of Gas Medium",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Malyshev",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Sens. Actuat. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_78",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2009",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl061197h",
      "article-title": "Ultrasensitive Chemiresistors Based on Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Kim",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5781",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm800794y",
      "article-title": "Highly Sensitive and Fast-Responding Ethanol Sensor Based on CdIn2O4 Nanocrystals Synthesized by a Nonaqueous Sol-Gel Route",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Cao",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref_80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "258",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.physe.2008.07.007",
      "article-title": "Mixed SnO2/TiO2 Included with Carbon Nanotubes for Gas-Sensing Application",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "Duy",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Physica E"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Sensors",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/2088/pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        5,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-05-29T05:16:10Z",
    "timestamp": 1716959770000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/2088"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        3,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 80,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "3",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2010,
          3
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "s100302088"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100302088",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1424-8220"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Sensors",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        3,
        15
      ]
    ]
  }
}