Abstract
Indoor airborne culturable bacteria are sometimes harmful to human health. Therefore, a quick estimation of their concentration is particularly necessary. However, measuring the indoor microorganism concentration (e.g., bacteria) usually requires a large amount of time, economic cost, and manpower. In this paper, we aim to provide a quick solution: using knowledge-based machine learning to provide quick estimation of the concentration of indoor airborne culturable bacteria only with the inputs of several measurable indoor environmental indicators, including: indoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. Our results show that a general regression neural network (GRNN) model can sufficiently provide a quick and decent estimation based on the model training and testing using an experimental database with 249 data groups.
References
37
Referenced
39
10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00050
/ Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. / Total concentrations of virus and bacteria in indoor and outdoor air by Prussin (2015)10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.01.023
/ Build. Environ. / Association between respiratory health and indoor air pollution exposure in Canakkale, Turkey by Mentese (2015)-
Bragoszewska, E., Mainka, A., and Pastuszka, J.S. (2016). Bacterial and fungal aerosols in rural nursery schools in Southern Poland. Atmosphere (Basel), 7.
(
10.3390/atmos7110142
) -
Hospodsky, D., Qian, J., Nazaroff, W.W., Yamamoto, N., Bibby, K., Rismani-Yazdi, H., and Peccia, J. (2012). Human occupancy as a source of indoor airborne bacteria. PLoS ONE, 7.
(
10.1371/journal.pone.0034867
) {'key': 'ref_5', 'first-page': '229', 'article-title': 'Source, significance, and control of indoor microbial aerosols: Human health aspects', 'volume': '98', 'author': 'Spendlove', 'year': '1983', 'journal-title': 'Public Health Rep.'}
/ Public Health Rep. / Source, significance, and control of indoor microbial aerosols: Human health aspects by Spendlove (1983)10.5271/sjweh.103
/ Scand. J. Work Environ. Health / Health effects of indoor-air microorganisms by Husman (1996)10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00153.x
/ Indoor Air / Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: An analysis of existing information by Daisey (2003)-
Liu, Z., Li, A., Hu, Z., and Sun, H. (2014). Study on the potential relationships between indoor culturable fungi, particle load and children respiratory health in Xi’an, China. Build. Environ.
(
10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.029
) -
Lanthier-Veilleux, M., Baron, G., and Généreux, M. (2016). Respiratory diseases in university students associated with exposure to residential dampness or mold. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.
(
10.3390/ijerph13111154
) 10.1021/es4048472
/ Environ. Sci. Technol. / Inhalable microorganisms in Beijing’s PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants during a severe smog event by Cao (2014)10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.056
/ Energy Build. / Investigation of dust loading and culturable microorganisms of HVAC systems in 24 office buildings in Beijing by Liu (2015)10.3390/ijerph110303271
/ Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health / Feasibility of silver doped TiO2 glass fiber photocatalyst under visible irradiation as an indoor air germicide by Pham (2014)10.3390/ijerph120606319
/ Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health / An evaluation of antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal contamination in indoor air environments by Rogawansamy (2015)10.1016/S0169-2070(97)00044-7
/ Int. J. Forecast. / Forecasting with artificial neural networks by Zhang (1998)10.1023/A:1018628609742
/ Neural Process. Lett. / Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifiers by Suykens (1999)10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00787-3
/ Renew. Energy / Artificial neural networks used for the performance prediction of a thermosiphon solar water heater by Kalogirou (1999)10.3390/en8088814
/ Energies / Novel method for measuring the heat collection rate and heat loss coefficient of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters based on artificial neural networks and support vector machine by Liu (2015)10.3390/ijgi4041774
/ ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. / Exploratory testing of an artificial neural network classification for enhancement of the social vulnerability index by Hile (2015)10.1021/acs.joc.5b01663
/ J. Org. Chem. / GIAO C-H COSY Simulations merged with artificial neural networks pattern recognition analysis. Pushing the structural validation a step forward by Zanardi (2015)10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00787
/ J. Phys. Chem. B / Combined computational approach based on density functional theory and artificial neural networks for predicting the solubility parameters of fullerenes by Perea (2016)-
Li, H., Tang, X., Wang, R., Lin, F., Liu, Z., and Cheng, K. (2016). Comparative study on theoretical and machine learning methods for acquiring compressed liquid densities of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (r227ea) via song and mason equation, support vector machine, and artificial neural networks. Appl. Sci., 6.
(
10.3390/app6010025
) 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.05.001
/ Electron. J. Biotechnol. / User-friendly optimization approach of fed-batch fermentation conditions for the production of iturin A using artificial neural networks and support vector machine by Chen (2015)10.1038/89044
/ Nat. Med. / Classification and diagnostic prediction of cancers using gene expression profiling and artificial neural networks by Khan (2001)10.1029/95WR01955
/ Water Resour. Res. / Artificial neural network modeling of the rainfall-runoff process by Hsu (1995)10.1016/j.solener.2016.12.015
/ Sol. Energy / Design of high-performance water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters by a high-throughput screening based on machine learning: A combined modeling and experimental study by Liu (2017)10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.06.014
/ Int. J. Refrig. / Thermal modeling of gas engine driven air to water heat pump systems in heating mode using genetic algorithm and Artificial Neural Network methods by Sanaye (2013)10.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.065
/ Energy Procedia / Solar irradiance short-term prediction model based on BP neural network by Wang (2011)10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.222
/ Expert Syst. Appl. / Forecasting stock indices with back propagation neural network by Wang (2011)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.03.032
/ Appl. Therm. Eng. / Optimal design approach for the plate-fin heat exchangers using neural networks cooperated with genetic algorithms by Peng (2008)10.1016/j.neucom.2005.12.126
/ Neurocomputing / Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications by Huang (2006)10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2168604
/ IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B Cybern. / Extreme learning machine for regression and multiclass classification by Huang (2012)-
Liu, Z., Li, H., Tang, X., Zhang, X., Lin, F., and Cheng, K. (2016). Extreme learning machine: A new alternative for measuring heat collection rate and heat loss coefficient of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters. SpringerPlus.
(
10.1186/s40064-016-2242-1
) 10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00086-9
/ Energy / Artificial neural networks for the prediction of the energy consumption of a passive solar building by Kalogirou (2000)10.1109/72.97934
/ Neural Netw. IEEE Trans. / A general regression neural network by Specht (1991)10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.10.013
/ Energy Build. / The effect of air-conditioning parameters and deposition dust on microbial growth in supply air ducts by Li (2010)10.1016/S0169-7439(97)00061-0
/ Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. / Introduction to multi-layer feed-forward neural networks by Svozil (1997){'key': 'ref_37', 'first-page': '351', 'article-title': 'Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Arundel', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Environ. Health Perspect.'}
/ Environ. Health Perspect. / Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments by Arundel (1986)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 8 years ago (Aug. 1, 2017, 3:30 a.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 2 months ago (June 8, 2024, 1:30 a.m.) |
Indexed | 3 days, 15 hours ago (Aug. 27, 2025, 11:34 a.m.) |
Issued | 8 years, 1 month ago (July 30, 2017) |
Published | 8 years, 1 month ago (July 30, 2017) |
Published Online | 8 years, 1 month ago (July 30, 2017) |
@article{Liu_2017, title={Quick Estimation Model for the Concentration of Indoor Airborne Culturable Bacteria: An Application of Machine Learning}, volume={14}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080857}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph14080857}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Liu, Zhijian and Li, Hao and Cao, Guoqing}, year={2017}, month=jul, pages={857} }