DOI: 10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0417. Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain

Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain

10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0417

Crossref journal-article

Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

Journal of Neurosurgery (1754)

Abstract

✓ Xanthine oxidase activity in the rat brain was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of uric acid. Cerebral ischemia was produced by a four-vessel occlusion method. In the control rat, the enzyme activity was 0.87 ± 0.13 nmol/gm wet weight/min at 25°C (mean ± standard deviation), of which 92.4% was associated with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent dehydrogenase form and only 7.6% with the oxygen-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase form. However, the ratio of the latter form increased to 43.7% after 30 minutes of global ischemia, despite the total xanthine oxidase activity remaining the same. Thus, it was revealed that uric acid can be synthesized in the rat brain and that cerebral ischemia induced the conversion of xanthine oxidase from an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to an oxygen-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase. Although the xanthine oxidase pathway has been proposed as a source of oxygen-derived free radicals in various ischemic organs other than brain, the results of the present study suggest the involvement of the oxygen free radicals generated from this pathway in the pathogenesis of the ischemic injury of the rat brain.

Bibliography

Kinuta, Y., Kimura, M., Itokawa, Y., Ishikawa, M., & Kikuchi, H. (1989). Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain. Journal of Neurosurgery, 71(3), 417â420.

Authors 5

Yuji Kinuta (first)
Mieko Kimura (additional)
Yoshinori Itokawa (additional)
Masatsune Ishikawa (additional)
Haruhiko Kikuchi (additional)

References 22 Referenced 68

10.1042/bj0970318 / Biochem J / The species distribution of xanthine oxidase. by Al-Khalidi (1965)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05451.x / J Neurochem / Identification of hypoxanthine transport and xanthine oxidase activity in brain capillaries. by Betz (1985)
10.1212/WNL.34.3.315 / Neurology / Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen-derived free radicals. by Chan (1984)
{'key': 'b4', 'series-title': 'Biochem J', 'first-page': '739', 'article-title': 'The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase.', 'volume': '126', 'author': 'Della Corte', 'year': '1972'} / Biochem J / The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. by Della Corte (1972)
10.1016/0026-2862(81)90095-9 / Microvasc Res / Increase in microvascular permeability induced by enzymatically generated free radicals. by Del Maestro (1981)
10.1016/S0022-2828(87)80350-4 / J Mol Cell Cardiol / Xanthine oxidase is not a source of free radicals in the ischemic rabbit heart. by Downey (1987)
{'key': 'b7', 'series-title': 'Acta Physiol Scand Suppl', 'first-page': '39', 'article-title': 'Significance of xanthine oxidase in capillary endothelial cells.', 'volume': '548', 'author': 'Jarasch', 'year': '1986'} / Acta Physiol Scand Suppl / Significance of xanthine oxidase in capillary endothelial cells. by Jarasch (1986)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13049.x / J Neurochem / Changes of uric acid level in rat brain after focal ischemia. by Kanemitsu (1986)
10.1016/0005-2744(73)90313-6 / Biochim Biophys Acta / Xanthine oxidase activity in rat brain. by Markley (1973)
10.1056/NEJM198501173120305 / N Engl J Med / Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. by McCord (1985)
{'key': 'b11', 'series-title': 'J Neurochem', 'first-page': '1704', 'article-title': 'Mononucleotide metabolism in the rat brain after transient ischemia.', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Onodera', 'year': '1986'} / J Neurochem / Mononucleotide metabolism in the rat brain after transient ischemia. by Onodera (1986)
{'key': 'b12', 'series-title': 'Acta Physiol Scand Suppl', 'first-page': '87', 'article-title': 'Xanthine oxidase: biochemistry, distribution and physiology.', 'volume': '548', 'author': 'Parks', 'year': '1986'} / Acta Physiol Scand Suppl / Xanthine oxidase: biochemistry, distribution and physiology. by Parks (1986)
10.1007/BF01907097 / Basic Res Cardiol / Arrhythmias and infarction in the ischemic pig heart are not mediated by xanthine oxidase-derived free oxygen radicals. by Podzuweit (1987)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07567.x / J Neurochem / Optimal freezing conditions for cerebral metabolites in rats. by Ponten (1973)
10.1161/01.STR.10.3.267 / Stroke / A new model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. by Pulsinelli (1979)
{'key': 'b16', 'series-title': 'J Lab Clin Med', 'first-page': '828', 'article-title': 'A sensitive and nonradioactive assay for serum and tissue xanthine oxidase.', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Ramboer', 'year': '1969'} / J Lab Clin Med / A sensitive and nonradioactive assay for serum and tissue xanthine oxidase. by Ramboer (1969)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb11623.x / J Neurochem / Nucleotide metabolism in rat brain. by Santos (1968)
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33905-4 / J Biol Chem / Purine nucleotide cycle: evidence for the occurrence of the cycle in brain. by Schultz (1976)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03006.x / J Neurochem / Hypoxanthine transport and metabolism in the central nervous system. by Spector (1988)
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36428-1 / J Biol Chem / The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. by Stirpe (1969)
10.1007/BF02147780 / Experientia / Xanthine oxidase activity in the brain. by Villela (1968)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09728.x / J Neurochem / Lipid peroxidation in vivo induced by reversible global ischemia in rat brain. by Watson (1984)

Dates

Type	When
Created	16 years, 3 months ago (May 8, 2009, 12:23 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 5 months ago (March 26, 2023, 5:26 p.m.)
Indexed	11 months, 3 weeks ago (Sept. 16, 2024, 1:50 p.m.)
Issued	36 years ago (Sept. 1, 1989)
Published	36 years ago (Sept. 1, 1989)
Published Print	36 years ago (Sept. 1, 1989)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kinuta_1989, title={Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain}, volume={71}, ISSN={0022-3085}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0417}, DOI={10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0417}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Neurosurgery}, publisher={Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)}, author={Kinuta, Yuji and Kimura, Mieko and Itokawa, Yoshinori and Ishikawa, Masatsune and Kikuchi, Haruhiko}, year={1989}, month=sep, pages={417–420} }

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