DOI: 10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1167. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys

A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys

10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1167

Crossref journal-article

Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

Journal of Neurosurgery (1754)

Abstract

✓ The authors have developed a method to induce chronic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in monkeys. With microsurgical techniques, 33 monkeys had a frontotemporal craniectomy and unilateral opening of the subarachnoid cisterns. Cerebrospinal fluid was drained and a fresh hematoma, obtained from an average of 7 ml of autologous blood, was carefully placed against the major arteries of the anterior circulation on one side. The 30 monkeys studied for 7 to 14 days after the SAH were allocated randomly to two treatment groups of 15: one group received placebo and the other nimodipine, 1 mg/kg every 8 hours. Indices monitored before and after SAH included neurological status, cerebral blood flow, computerized tomography, and angiographic vessel caliber. In the placebo group, delayed ischemic neurological deficit developed in one monkey 4 days after clot placement and was present at sacrifice on Day 14. No such deficit occurred in the nimodipine group. The effect of nimodipine on vessel caliber at this dosage was equivocal. Significant vasospasm (31% to 100% reduction in vessel caliber) developed in 87% (26 of 30) of the animals. Overall, vasospasm was slightly more common in the placebo group: in this group, on Days 7 and 14, the incidence of vasospasm was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the nimodipine group. However, the average percentage reduction in vessel caliber of the maximally constricted vessel in each monkey was not significantly different between the two groups.

Bibliography

Espinosa, F., Weir, B., Overton, T., Castor, W., Grace, M., & Boisvert, D. (1984). A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys. Journal of Neurosurgery, 60(6), 1167â1175.

Authors 6

Francisco Espinosa (first)
Bryce Weir (additional)
Thomas Overton (additional)
William Castor (additional)
Michael Grace (additional)
Donald Boisvert (additional)

References 17 Referenced 127

{'key': 'b1', 'series-title': 'Clinical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms.', 'first-page': '127', 'article-title': 'The acute management of subarachnoid hemorrhage: vasospasm and rehemorrhage', 'author': 'Allen', 'year': '1982'} / Clinical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms. / The acute management of subarachnoid hemorrhage: vasospasm and rehemorrhage by Allen (1982)
10.1056/NEJM198303173081103 / N Engl J Med / Cerebral arterial spasm — a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. by Allen (1983)
10.1227/00006123-197901000-00008 / Neurosurgery / Cerebral arterial spasm: Part 10. Reversal of acute and chronic spasm in dogs with orally administered nifedipine. by Allen (1979)
{'key': 'b4', 'series-title': 'Cerebral Arterial Spasm.', 'first-page': '527', 'article-title': 'Cerebral arterial spasm: the role of calcium in in vitro and in vivo analysis of treatment with nifedipine and nimodipine', 'author': 'Cohen', 'year': '1980'} / Cerebral Arterial Spasm. / Cerebral arterial spasm: the role of calcium in in vitro and in vivo analysis of treatment with nifedipine and nimodipine by Cohen (1980)
10.2214/ajr.134.4.711 / AJR / Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysm: prognostic significance of cranial CT. by Davis (1980)
10.3171/jns.1982.57.2.0224 / J Neurosurg / Chronic cerebral vasospasm after large subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. by Espinosa (1982)
10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1176 / J Neurosurg / A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys. Part 2: Pathological findings. by Espinosa (1984)
10.1227/00006123-198001000-00001 / Neurosurgery / Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. by Fisher (1980)
10.1038/jcbfm.1981.38 / J Cereb Blood Flow Metab / Effect of calcium antagonist, nimodipine, on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the primate. by Harper (1981)
10.1007/BF01728880 / Acta Neurochir / Nimodipine: a new calcium antagonistic drug with a preferential cerebrovascular action. by Kazada (1982)
10.3171/jns.1981.54.4.0473 / J Neurosurg / Results of early operations for ruptured aneurysms. by Ljunggren (1981)
10.1161/01.STR.4.3.431 / Stroke / Clinical grade, regional cerebral blood flow and angiographical spasm in the monkey after subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage. by Petruk (1973)
10.1007/BF01808921 / Acta Neurochir / Correlation between CT findings and subsequent development of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. by Suzuki (1980)
10.1007/BF01728879 / Acta Neurochir / The pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm, and pharmacological approaches to its management. by Towart (1982)
10.1161/01.RES.48.5.650 / Circ Res / The selective inhibition of serotonin-induced contractions of rabbit cerebral vascular smooth muscle by calcium-antagonistic dihydropyridines. An investigation of the mechanism of action of nimodipine. by Towart (1981)
10.3171/jns.1978.48.2.0173 / J Neurosurg / Time course of vasospasm in man. by Weir (1978)
{'key': 'b17', 'series-title': 'Cerebral Arterial Spasm.', 'first-page': '542', 'article-title': 'Attempted prevention or treatment of intracranial arterial spasm: a survey', 'author': 'Wilkins', 'year': '1980'} / Cerebral Arterial Spasm. / Attempted prevention or treatment of intracranial arterial spasm: a survey by Wilkins (1980)

Dates

Type	When
Created	16 years, 3 months ago (May 8, 2009, 12:17 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 1 month ago (July 24, 2022, 3:21 p.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 11 hours ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 9:55 p.m.)
Issued	41 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1984)
Published	41 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1984)
Published Print	41 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1984)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Espinosa_1984, title={A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys: Part 1: Clinical and radiological findings}, volume={60}, ISSN={0022-3085}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1167}, DOI={10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1167}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Neurosurgery}, publisher={Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)}, author={Espinosa, Francisco and Weir, Bryce and Overton, Thomas and Castor, William and Grace, Michael and Boisvert, Donald}, year={1984}, month=jun, pages={1167–1175} }

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