DOI: 10.1785/bssa0600061907. Determining magnitude from <i>Lg</i>

10.1785/bssa0600061907

Crossref journal-article

Seismological Society of America (SSA)

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (790)

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, an empirical method is developed for determining magnitude of seismic events from the amplitude of Lg phases recorded at local to regional distances from the events. The data used were obtained from Long Range Seismic Measurements (LRSM) reports for 78 seismic events associated with explosions conducted the Atomic Energy Commission. Preliminary investigation showed that magnitudes (M) calculated from Lg recordings had less scatter than body-wave magnitudes (m) reported for the same events and stations. A sixth-degree polynomial was found to give the best fit to log amplitude/period (A/T) values plotted as a function of epicentral distance. Amplitude-distance correction factors (Q) are presented in a chart. Magnitudes from Lg were compared to the average unified magnitudes from LRSM shot reports. For 60 of 68 events, the standard deviation for M was less than that for m. The M values for all of the events were normalized to magnitude 5.0, and average residuals were found for 69 reporting stations. A plot of the residuals on a map indicates that they represent station corrections rather than azimuthal variations. Apparent station corrections (s) are presented for 23 LRSM stations.

Bibliography

Baker, R. G. (1970). Determining magnitude from Lg. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 60(6), 1907â1919.

Authors 1

R. G. Baker (first)

References 19 Referenced 8

{'key': '2021091017014341400_BIB1', 'first-page': '23', 'article-title': 'Preliminary study for determining magnitude from Lg', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Baker', 'year': '(1967)', 'journal-title': 'Earthquake Notes'} / Earthquake Notes / Preliminary study for determining magnitude from Lg by Baker ((1967))
10.1029/TR033i001p00081 / Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union / Earthquake magnitude determination from the vertical component of surface waves by Båth ((1952))
{'key': '2021091017014341400_BIB3', 'first-page': '295', 'article-title': 'The elastic waves Lg and Rg along Euroasiatic paths', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Båth', 'year': '(1954)', 'journal-title': 'Arkiv. Geofysik.'} / Arkiv. Geofysik. / The elastic waves Lg and Rg along Euroasiatic paths by Båth ((1954))
Clawson G. E. O'Dell M. E. (1966). The relation between surface (M) and body (mb) wave magnitudes, Technical Note 4/66, Geotech Division, Teledyne Industries, Garland, Texas.
10.1785/BSSA0570040591 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Magnitude determination at regional and near regional distances in the United States by Evernden ((1967))
10.1785/BSSA0350010003 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes by Gutenberg ((1945))
10.1785/BSSA0350020057 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes by Gutenberg ((1945))
10.1190/1.1438141 / Geophysics / Channel waves in the earth's crust by Gutenberg ((1955))
{'key': '2021091017014341400_BIB9', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Magnitude and energy of earthquakes', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Gutenberg', 'year': '(1956)', 'journal-title': 'Ann. Geofis.'} / Ann. Geofis. / Magnitude and energy of earthquakes by Gutenberg ((1956))
10.1029/JZ066i001p00334 / J. Geophys. Res. / On P̄ and Lg by Herrin ((1961))
10.1785/BSSA0500010035 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The velocity of Lg in the southwestern United States and Mexico by Herrin ((1960))
10.1785/BSSA0500020197 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / On the propagation of the Lg phase by Herrin ((1960))
{'key': '2021091017014341400_BIB13', 'article-title': 'Aspects of magnitude determinations in CGS', 'author': 'Murphy'} / Aspects of magnitude determinations in CGS by Murphy
10.1785/BSSA0480010033 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Normal modes of continental surface waves by Oliver ((1958))
10.1785/BSSA0490040379 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The second shear mode of continental Rayleigh waves by Oliver ((1959))
10.1029/TR037i005p00615 / Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union / Velocity of Lg wave in California by Press ((1956))
10.1785/BSSA0420030219 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Two slow waves across North America by Press ((1952))
10.1785/BSSA0250010001 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale by Richter ((1935))
Romney C. F. (1963). An investigation of the relationship between magnitude scales for small shocks, Technical Report VU 63-4, AF Tech. App. Center, Washington, D. C.

Dates

Type	When
Created	3 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 10, 2021, 1:01 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 10, 2021, 1:02 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 2024, 7:37 a.m.)
Issued	54 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1970)
Published	54 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1970)
Published Online	54 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1970)
Published Print	54 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1970)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Baker_1970, title={Determining magnitude from Lg}, volume={60}, ISSN={0037-1106}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0600061907}, DOI={10.1785/bssa0600061907}, number={6}, journal={Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, publisher={Seismological Society of America (SSA)}, author={Baker, R. G.}, year={1970}, month=dec, pages={1907–1919} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-10T12:37:39Z",
    "timestamp": 1704890259375
  },
  "reference-count": 19,
  "publisher": "Seismological Society of America (SSA)",
  "issue": "6",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        12,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this paper, an empirical method is developed for determining magnitude of seismic events from the amplitude of Lg phases recorded at local to regional distances from the events. The data used were obtained from Long Range Seismic Measurements (LRSM) reports for 78 seismic events associated with explosions conducted the Atomic Energy Commission.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Preliminary investigation showed that magnitudes (M) calculated from Lg recordings had less scatter than body-wave magnitudes (m) reported for the same events and stations. A sixth-degree polynomial was found to give the best fit to log amplitude/period (A/T) values plotted as a function of epicentral distance. Amplitude-distance correction factors (Q) are presented in a chart.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Magnitudes from Lg were compared to the average unified magnitudes from LRSM shot reports. For 60 of 68 events, the standard deviation for M was less than that for m. The M values for all of the events were normalized to magnitude 5.0, and average residuals were found for 69 reporting stations. A plot of the residuals on a map indicates that they represent station corrections rather than azimuthal variations. Apparent station corrections (s) are presented for 23 LRSM stations.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1785/bssa0600061907",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        9,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-09-10T17:01:45Z",
    "timestamp": 1631293305000
  },
  "page": "1907-1919",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 8,
  "title": "Determining magnitude from <i>Lg</i>",
  "prefix": "10.1785",
  "volume": "60",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "R. G.",
      "family": "Baker",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "790",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        12,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB1",
      "first-page": "23",
      "article-title": "Preliminary study for determining magnitude from Lg",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Baker",
      "year": "(1967)",
      "journal-title": "Earthquake Notes"
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1029/TR033i001p00081",
      "article-title": "Earthquake magnitude determination from the vertical component of surface waves",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "B\u00e5th",
      "year": "(1952)",
      "journal-title": "Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union"
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB3",
      "first-page": "295",
      "article-title": "The elastic waves Lg and Rg along Euroasiatic paths",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "B\u00e5th",
      "year": "(1954)",
      "journal-title": "Arkiv. Geofysik."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB4",
      "unstructured": "Clawson\n            G. E.\n          \n          \n            O'Dell\n            M. E.\n          \n          (1966).\nThe relation between surface (M) and body (mb) wave magnitudes,\nTechnical Note 4/66,\nGeotech Division, Teledyne Industries,\nGarland, Texas."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "591",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0570040591",
      "article-title": "Magnitude determination at regional and near regional distances in the United States",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Evernden",
      "year": "(1967)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0350010003",
      "article-title": "Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes",
      "volume": "35",
      "author": "Gutenberg",
      "year": "(1945)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "57",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0350020057",
      "article-title": "Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes",
      "volume": "35",
      "author": "Gutenberg",
      "year": "(1945)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "283",
      "DOI": "10.1190/1.1438141",
      "article-title": "Channel waves in the earth's crust",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Gutenberg",
      "year": "(1955)",
      "journal-title": "Geophysics"
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB9",
      "first-page": "1",
      "article-title": "Magnitude and energy of earthquakes",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Gutenberg",
      "year": "(1956)",
      "journal-title": "Ann. Geofis."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "334",
      "DOI": "10.1029/JZ066i001p00334",
      "article-title": "On P\u0304 and Lg",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Herrin",
      "year": "(1961)",
      "journal-title": "J. Geophys. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0500010035",
      "article-title": "The velocity of Lg in the southwestern United States and Mexico",
      "volume": "50",
      "author": "Herrin",
      "year": "(1960)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "197",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0500020197",
      "article-title": "On the propagation of the Lg phase",
      "volume": "50",
      "author": "Herrin",
      "year": "(1960)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB13",
      "article-title": "Aspects of magnitude determinations in CGS",
      "author": "Murphy"
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0480010033",
      "article-title": "Normal modes of continental surface waves",
      "volume": "48",
      "author": "Oliver",
      "year": "(1958)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0490040379",
      "article-title": "The second shear mode of continental Rayleigh waves",
      "volume": "49",
      "author": "Oliver",
      "year": "(1959)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "615",
      "DOI": "10.1029/TR037i005p00615",
      "article-title": "Velocity of Lg wave in California",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "Press",
      "year": "(1956)",
      "journal-title": "Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union"
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "219",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0420030219",
      "article-title": "Two slow waves across North America",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Press",
      "year": "(1952)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1785/BSSA0250010001",
      "article-title": "An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "Richter",
      "year": "(1935)",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2021091017014341400_BIB19",
      "unstructured": "Romney\n            C. F.\n          \n          (1963).\nAn investigation of the relationship between magnitude scales for small shocks,\nTechnical Report VU 63-4,\nAF Tech. App. Center,\nWashington, D. C."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-pdf/60/6/1907/5313175/bssa0600061907.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-pdf/60/6/1907/5313175/bssa0600061907.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        9,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-09-10T17:02:00Z",
    "timestamp": 1631293320000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/article/60/6/1907/116828/Determining-magnitude-from-Lg"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        12,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 19,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1970,
          12,
          1
        ]
      ]
    },
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1970,
          12,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0600061907",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1943-3573",
    "0037-1106"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        12,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}