DOI: 10.1785/bssa0570061429. Strain steps associated with earthquakes

Strain steps associated with earthquakes

10.1785/bssa0570061429

Crossref journal-article

Seismological Society of America (SSA)

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (790)

Abstract

Abstract Strain steps have been observed following earthquakes ranging in magnitude from 3.0 to 8.5. An empirical relationship is derived which indicates that the magnitude, M, of the smallest earthquake from which a strain step of the order of 10−9 may be expected at a distance of Δkm is: M = 1.1 + 1.7 log ⁡ Δ 10 . Fault length is related empirically to earthquake magnitude by the equation M = 3.3 + 1.7 log ⁡ L 10 Where L is fault length in km. Comparison of these two equations shows that strains of the order of 10−9 may be expected at distances of approximately 20 fault lengths. The fault length versus magnitude equation presented is shown to be compatible with a previously published energy-magnitude relationship log ⁡ 10 E = A + 1.8 M . Strain steps are shown to have two characteristics which are similar to those of surface waves. The speed of propagation is nearly constant over a wide range of epicentral distances. Depending upon whether the travel paths are continental or oceanic, the speeds are, respectively, 3.0 ± 0.3 km/sec or near 3.6 km/sec. The strain step amplitude dependence upon distance is like R -3/2.

Bibliography

Wideman, C. J., & Major, M. W. (1967). Strain steps associated with earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 57(6), 1429â1444.

Authors 2

C. J. Wideman (first)
M. W. Major (additional)

References 20 Referenced 54

10.1785/BSSA0480010001 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The aftershock sequence of the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952 by Båth ((1958))
10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1019:FEFSTA]2.0.CO;2 / Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. / Fuzed quartz extensometer for secular, tidal, and seismic strains by Benioff ((1959))
10.1785/BSSA0530050893 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Source wave forms of three earthquakes by Benioff ((1963))
10.1785/BSSA0530050905 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958, source-mechanism from spectra of long-period seismic surface waves by Ben-Menahem ((1963))
10.1785/BSSA0510030355 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The deformation of the ground around surface faults by Chinnery ((1961))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB6', 'article-title': 'A report of the Ad Hoc Panel on earthquake prediction to the Office of Science and Technology', 'year': '(1965)', 'journal-title': 'Earthquake Prediction'} / Earthquake Prediction / A report of the Ad Hoc Panel on earthquake prediction to the Office of Science and Technology ((1965))
10.1785/BSSA0530050873 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Earthquakes and faults by Evison ((1963))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB8', 'first-page': '335', 'article-title': 'Electro-optical measurement of horizontal strains accumulating in the swarm earthquake area', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'Kasahara', 'year': '(1966)', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst.'} / Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. / Electro-optical measurement of horizontal strains accumulating in the swarm earthquake area by Kasahara ((1966))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB9', 'article-title': 'Report on Results of Triangulation for Earth Movement Study, Vicinity of Cholame, California', 'author': 'Meade', 'year': '(1966)', 'journal-title': 'Environmental Sci. Serv. Admin.'} / Environmental Sci. Serv. Admin. / Report on Results of Triangulation for Earth Movement Study, Vicinity of Cholame, California by Meade ((1966))
10.1785/BSSA0540010295 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / On elastic strain of the earth in the period range 5 seconds to 100 hours by Major ((1964))
Ozawa I. (1965). On the observations of the abrupt changes of the elastic energy in the crust in the remarkable earthquakes, Special Contributions, Geophy Inst., Kyoto Univ., 5, 125- 137.
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB12', 'first-page': '961', 'article-title': 'Parkfield, a preliminary report', 'volume': '56', 'year': '(1966)', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.'} / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Parkfield, a preliminary report ((1966))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB13', 'first-page': '469', 'article-title': 'The seismic surface pulse', 'volume-title': 'Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.', 'author': 'Pekeris', 'year': '(1955)'} / Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. / The seismic surface pulse by Pekeris ((1955))
10.1029/JZ070i010p02395 / J. Geophys. Res. / Displacements, strains, and tilts at teleseismic distances by Press ((1965))
10.1126/science.152.3729.1575 / Science / Earthquake prediction by Press ((1966))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB16', 'article-title': 'Elementary Seismology', 'author': 'Richter', 'year': '(1958)'} / Elementary Seismology by Richter ((1958))
10.1785/BSSA0480020147 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Earthquake energy and ground breakage by Tocher ((1958))
{'key': '2021071416521820400_BIB18', 'first-page': '945', 'article-title': 'Relationship between displacements on a free surface and the stress on a fault', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Weertman', 'year': '(1965)', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.'} / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Relationship between displacements on a free surface and the stress on a fault by Weertman ((1965))
10.1029/JZ071i014p03405 / J. Geophys. Res. / The Salmon seismic experiment by Werth ((1966))
Wilson B. W. Webb L. M. Hendrickson J. A. (1962). The nature of Tsunamis their generation and dispersion in water of finite depth, NESCO Tech. Rpt. SN 57-2.

Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 1 month ago (July 14, 2021, 12:52 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 1 month ago (July 14, 2021, 12:52 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year ago (July 26, 2024, 4:26 a.m.)
Issued	57 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1967)
Published	57 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1967)
Published Online	57 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1967)
Published Print	57 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1967)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Wideman_1967, title={Strain steps associated with earthquakes}, volume={57}, ISSN={0037-1106}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0570061429}, DOI={10.1785/bssa0570061429}, number={6}, journal={Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, publisher={Seismological Society of America (SSA)}, author={Wideman, C. J. and Major, M. W.}, year={1967}, month=dec, pages={1429–1444} }

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