DOI: 10.1785/bssa0540020511. Study of Love and Rayleigh waves from earthquakes with fault plane solutions or with known faulting. Part 1. A phase difference method based on a new model of earthquake source

Study of Love and Rayleigh waves from earthquakes with fault plane solutions or with known faulting. Part 1. A phase difference method based on a new model of earthquake source

10.1785/bssa0540020511

Crossref journal-article

Seismological Society of America (SSA)

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (790)

Abstract

ABSTRACT For the purpose of examining the basic assumptions underlying the surface wave method of earthquake mechanism study, we investigated Love and Rayleigh waves from earthquakes with known faulting and/or fault plane solutions obtained from initial motion studies. In order to eliminate the effect of the source time function and finiteness of the fault and to concentrate on the nature of the earthquake force system and its space parameters, we are primarily concerned with the phase differences between Love and Rayleigh waves and their amplitude ratios. We studied about 30 earthquakes which occurred in the Mediterranean region, California, and Japan. The results are given in Part 2, and the method used is described in the present paper. The theoretical phase and amplitude of Love and Rayleigh waves were computed on the basis of observed faulting or fault plane solution under various hypotheses about the equivalent force system. Then, we obtained from the record, the Fourier phase difference of Love and Rayleigh waves, corrected it for propagation in a layered earth and compared it with the corresponding theoretical value. In computing the theoretical values, we assumed a homogeneous half space for Rayleigh waves. For Love waves, the layered structure of the earth was taken into account in an approximate way. We have constructed a table of the theoretical values for all possible parameters of fault system and also for various focal depths. A part of the table is given in a concise form in Part 3. The measurement of the phase difference between Love and Rayleigh waves was made by two methods. One is the stationary phase analysis, first applied to seismograms by Brune, Nafe and Oliver (1960), and the other is a filtering-correlation method. The latter method is appropriate for those records where the waves are less dispersed and noise is a factor. It was found that the single couple hypothesis fails to explain the observations on surface waves, and must be modified in some way. A modified single couple hypothesis is proposed which appears to explain the observations generally better than the double couple hypothesis as will be shown in Part 2.

Bibliography

Aki, K. (1964). Study of Love and Rayleigh waves from earthquakes with fault plane solutions or with known faulting. Part 1. A phase difference method based on a new model of earthquake source. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 54(2), 511â527.

Authors 1

Keiiti Aki (first)

References 25 Referenced 13

10.1029/JZ065i001p00323 / J. Geophys. Res. / The use of Love waves for the study of earthquake mechanism by Aki (1960)
10.1029/JZ065i002p00729 / J. Geophys. Res. / Study of earthquake mechanism by a method of phase equilization applied to Rayleigh and Love waves by Aki (1960)
10.1029/JZ065i008p02405 / J. Geophys. Res. / Interpretation of source functions of circum-Pacific earthquakes obtained from long period Rayleigh waves by Aki (1960)
{'key': '2021071318565714700_BIB4', 'first-page': '91', 'article-title': 'Accuracy of the Rayleigh wave method for studying the earthquake mechanism', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Aki', 'year': '1962', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ.'} / Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ. / Accuracy of the Rayleigh wave method for studying the earthquake mechanism by Aki (1962)
10.1029/JZ067i009p03645 / J. Geophys. Res. / Revision of some results obtained in the study of the source function of Rayleigh waves by Aki (1962)
Alexander S. S. 1963. Surface wave propagation in the western United States, Doctoral Thesis, California Institute of Technology.
10.1029/JZ068i011p03483 / J. Geophys. Res. / Surface waves on a spherical earth. 1. Upper mantle structure from Love waves by Anderson (1963)
Benioff H. 1963. Source wave forms of three earthquakes, report, Contract AF-AFOSR-62-355, California Institute of Technology, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 53, 893- 904.
10.1785/BSSA0510030401 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Radiation of seismic surface waves from finite moving sources by Ben-Menahem (1961)
10.1029/JZ068i018p05207 / J. Geophys. Res. / Source mechanism from spectra of long period surface waves. 2. The Kamchatka earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952 by Ben-Menahem (1963)
10.1785/BSSA0530050905 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Source mechanism from spectra of long period surface waves. 3. The Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958 by Ben-Menahem (1963)
10.1029/JZ066i009p02965 / J. Geophys. Res. / Phase and group velocities of Rayleigh waves in a spherical gravitating earth by Bolt (1961)
10.1029/JZ065i001p00287 / J. Geophys. Res. / A simplified method for the analysis and synthesis of dispersed wave trains by Brune (1960)
10.1785/BSSA0510020247 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / The polar phase shift of surface waves on a sphere by Brune (1961)
10.1785/BSSA0530030539 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / On detecting soft layers in the mantle with Rayleigh waves by Harkrider (1963)
10.1785/BSSA0530030619 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / Radiation pattern of Rayleigh waves from fault of arbitrary dip and direction of motion in a homogeneous medium by Haskell (1963)
10.1785/BSSA0500010117 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / First motion from seismic sources by Knopoff (1960)
10.1098/rsta.1904.0013 / Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A / On the propagation of tremors over the surface of an elastic solid by Lamb (1904)
{'key': '2021071318565714700_BIB19', 'article-title': 'On the force equivalents of dynamic elastic dislocation with reference to earthquake mechanism', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Maruyama', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ.'} / Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ. / On the force equivalents of dynamic elastic dislocation with reference to earthquake mechanism by Maruyama (1963)
10.1029/JZ065i003p01039 / J. Geophys. Res. / Crustal structure in California-Nevada region by Press (1960)
10.1785/BSSA0510040495 / Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. / A fast convenient program for computation of surface wave dispersion curves in multi-layered media by Press (1961)
{'key': '2021071318565714700_BIB22', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'The focal mechanism of earthquakes', 'volume-title': 'Advances in Geophysics', 'author': 'Stauder', 'year': '1962'} / Advances in Geophysics / The focal mechanism of earthquakes by Stauder (1962)
10.1139/p58-123 / Can. J. Phys. / Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations by Steketee (1958)
10.1029/JZ067i013p05257 / J. Geophys. Res. / Mantle shear velocities determined from oceanic Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion by Sykes (1962)
{'key': '2021071318565714700_BIB25', 'first-page': '289', 'article-title': 'On the determination of the dynamic parameters of the focus and hypocentre of an earthquake from records of surface waves', 'author': 'Yanovskaya', 'year': '1958', 'journal-title': 'Izv. Akad. Nauk USSR, Ser. Geofiz.'} / Izv. Akad. Nauk USSR, Ser. Geofiz. / On the determination of the dynamic parameters of the focus and hypocentre of an earthquake from records of surface waves by Yanovskaya (1958)

Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 1 month ago (July 13, 2021, 2:57 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 1 month ago (July 13, 2021, 2:57 p.m.)
Indexed	3 months, 1 week ago (May 23, 2025, 11:27 a.m.)
Issued	61 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1964)
Published	61 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1964)
Published Online	61 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1964)
Published Print	61 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1964)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Aki_1964, title={Study of Love and Rayleigh waves from earthquakes with fault plane solutions or with known faulting. Part 1. A phase difference method based on a new model of earthquake source}, volume={54}, ISSN={0037-1106}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0540020511}, DOI={10.1785/bssa0540020511}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, publisher={Seismological Society of America (SSA)}, author={Aki, Keiiti}, year={1964}, month=apr, pages={511–527} }

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