DOI: 10.1534/genetics.103.026096. Structure and Expression of Maize Phytochrome Family HomeologsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY234825, AY234826, AY234827, AY234828, AY234829, AY234830.

Structure and Expression of Maize Phytochrome Family HomeologsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY234825, AY234826, AY234827, AY234828, AY234829, AY234830.

10.1534/genetics.103.026096

Crossref journal-article

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Genetics (286)

Abstract

Abstract To begin the study of phytochrome signaling in maize, we have cloned and characterized the phytochrome gene family from the inbred B73. Through DNA gel blot analysis of maize genomic DNA and BAC library screens, we show that the PhyA, PhyB, and PhyC genes are each duplicated once in the genome of maize. Each gene pair was positioned to homeologous regions of the genome using recombinant inbred mapping populations. These results strongly suggest that the duplication of the phytochrome gene family in maize arose as a consequence of an ancient tetraploidization in the maize ancestral lineage. Furthermore, sequencing of Phy genes directly from BAC clones indicates that there are six functional phytochrome genes in maize. Through Northern gel blot analysis and a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, we determined that all six phytochrome genes are transcribed in several seedling tissues. However, expression from PhyA1, PhyB1, and PhyC1 predominate in all seedling tissues examined. Dark-grown seedlings express higher levels of PhyA and PhyB than do light-grown plants but PhyC genes are expressed at similar levels under light and dark growth conditions. These results are discussed in relation to phytochrome gene regulation in model eudicots and monocots and in light of current genome sequencing efforts in maize.

Bibliography

Sheehan, M. J., Farmer, P. R., & Brutnell, T. P. (2004). Structure and Expression of Maize Phytochrome Family HomeologsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY234825, AY234826, AY234827, AY234828, AY234829, AY234830. Genetics, 167(3), 1395â1405.

Authors 3

Moira J Sheehan (first)
Phyllis R Farmer (additional)
Thomas P Brutnell (additional)

References 87 Referenced 67

10.1104/pp.110.4.1081 / Plant Physiol. (1996)
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026316 / Mol. Biol. Evol. (2000)
10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01148-1 / Trends Biochem. Sci. (1997)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB4', 'first-page': '1317', 'volume': '9', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1997)
10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00090-3 / Field Crops Res. (2000)
10.1023/A:1006488119301 / Plant Mol. Biol. (2000)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB7', 'first-page': '1081', 'volume': '2', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1990)
10.1073/pnas.86.24.9692 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07852.x / EMBO J. (1991)
10.1039/b300094j / Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. (2003)
10.1104/pp.113.2.611 / Plant Physiol. (1997)
10.1016/0378-1119(89)90431-9 / Gene (1989)
10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1984)
10.1007/BF00043870 / Plant Mol. Biol. (1994)
10.1073/pnas.80.8.2248 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1983)
10.1007/BF00020091 / Plant Mol. Biol. (1985)
10.1007/BF00269863 / Mol. Gen. Genet. (1991)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB18', 'first-page': '1081', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1993)
10.1105/tpc.10.9.1479 / Plant Cell (1998)
10.1104/pp.119.3.909 / Plant Physiol. (1999)
10.1016/0022-2836(78)90023-2 / J. Mol. Biol. (1978)
10.1105/tpc.015164 / Plant Cell (2003)
10.1101/gr.160601 / Genome Res. (2001)
10.1073/pnas.94.13.6809 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997)
10.1104/pp.115.3.959 / Plant Physiol. (1997)
10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00082-7 / Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. (2003)
10.1104/pp.119.3.1033 / Plant Physiol. (1999)
10.1007/s004250050080 / Planta (1997)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.1998.00144.x / Plant J. (1998)
10.1073/pnas.81.8.2332 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1984)
10.1007/BF00046444 / Plant Mol. Biol. (1992)
10.1093/emboj/19.20.5288 / EMBO J. (2000)
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025912 / Mol. Biol. Evol. (1998)
10.1093/emboj/21.10.2441 / EMBO J. (2002)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01836.x / Plant J. (2003)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.2000.00753.x / Plant J. (2000)
10.1021/bi00358a038 / Biochemistry (1986)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB38', 'first-page': '351', 'volume': '1', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1989)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB39', 'first-page': '1445', 'volume': '11', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1999)
10.1105/tpc.001156 / Plant Cell (2002)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB41', 'first-page': '72', 'volume': '27', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Biotechniques'} / Biotechniques (1999)
10.1073/pnas.140520097 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000)
10.1023/A:1014893521186 / Plant Mol. Biol. (2002)
10.1086/376820 / Int. J. Plant Sci. (2003)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB45', 'first-page': '4840', 'volume': '8', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Mol. Cell. Biol.'} / Mol. Cell. Biol. (1988)
10.1104/pp.103.029694 / Plant Physiol. (2003)
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025677 / Mol. Biol. Evol. (1996)
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-117.x / Plant Cell Environ. (1997)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB49', 'first-page': '1141', 'volume': '13', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Mol. Evol. Biol.'} / Mol. Evol. Biol. (1995)
10.1038/nature01837 / Nature (2003)
10.1105/tpc.012971 / Plant Cell (2003)
10.1104/pp.012567 / Plant Physiol. (2002)
10.1104/pp.102.1.269 / Plant Physiol. (1993)
10.1101/gad.14.3.257 / Genes Dev. (2000)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB55', 'first-page': '39', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1993)
10.1073/pnas.95.11.5884 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998)
10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00352-6 / Curr. Biol. (1997)
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-108.x / Plant Cell Environ. (1997)
10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00309-5 / Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. (2002)
10.1126/science.7732376 / Science (1995)
10.1038/15479 / Nat. Genet. (1999)
10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00008-6 / Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. (2003)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB63', 'first-page': '147', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1993)
10.1104/pp.104.4.1139 / Plant Physiol. (1994)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10050859.x / Plant J. (1996)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB66'}
10.1126/science.274.5288.765 / Science (1996)
10.1104/pp.006411 / Plant Physiol. (2002)
10.1104/pp.005389 / Plant Physiol. (2002)
10.1016/0378-1119(86)90072-7 / Gene (1986)
10.1023/A:1023901718508 / Plant Mol. Biol. (2003)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01722.x / Plant J. (2003)
10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.001445 / Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. (1995)
10.1104/pp.107.2.523 / Plant Physiol. (1995)
10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.7030413.x / Plant J. (1995)
10.1006/abbi.1993.1473 / Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1993)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB77', 'first-page': '18', 'volume': '74', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Maize Genet. Newsl.'} / Maize Genet. Newsl. (2000)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB78', 'first-page': '928', 'volume': '42', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'Crop Sci.'} / Crop Sci. (2002)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02939.x / EMBO J. (1988)
10.1073/pnas.92.19.8596 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB81', 'first-page': '757', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1993)
10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80092-5 / Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. (1998)
10.1093/genetics/153.1.453 / Genetics (1999)
{'key': '2022010614194667200_BIB84', 'first-page': '1433', 'volume': '7', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Plant Cell'} / Plant Cell (1995)
10.1083/jcb.145.3.437 / J. Cell Biol. (1999)
10.1073/pnas.95.23.13976 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998)
10.1101/gr.185902 / Genome Res. (2002)

Dates

Type	When
Created	21 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 2, 2004, 7:56 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 6, 2022, 9:22 a.m.)
Indexed	3 weeks, 1 day ago (Aug. 12, 2025, 5:49 p.m.)
Issued	21 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2004)
Published	21 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2004)
Published Online	21 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2004)
Published Print	21 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2004)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Sheehan_2004, title={Structure and Expression of Maize Phytochrome Family HomeologsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY234825, AY234826, AY234827, AY234828, AY234829, AY234830.}, volume={167}, ISSN={1943-2631}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.103.026096}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.103.026096}, number={3}, journal={Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sheehan, Moira J and Farmer, Phyllis R and Brutnell, Thomas P}, year={2004}, month=jul, pages={1395–1405} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-12T21:49:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1755035355331
  },
  "reference-count": 87,
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "issue": "3",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2004,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1088640000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To begin the study of phytochrome signaling in maize, we have cloned and characterized the phytochrome gene family from the inbred B73. Through DNA gel blot analysis of maize genomic DNA and BAC library screens, we show that the PhyA, PhyB, and PhyC genes are each duplicated once in the genome of maize. Each gene pair was positioned to homeologous regions of the genome using recombinant inbred mapping populations. These results strongly suggest that the duplication of the phytochrome gene family in maize arose as a consequence of an ancient tetraploidization in the maize ancestral lineage. Furthermore, sequencing of Phy genes directly from BAC clones indicates that there are six functional phytochrome genes in maize. Through Northern gel blot analysis and a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, we determined that all six phytochrome genes are transcribed in several seedling tissues. However, expression from PhyA1, PhyB1, and PhyC1 predominate in all seedling tissues examined. Dark-grown seedlings express higher levels of PhyA and PhyB than do light-grown plants but PhyC genes are expressed at similar levels under light and dark growth conditions. These results are discussed in relation to phytochrome gene regulation in model eudicots and monocots and in light of current genome sequencing efforts in maize.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1534/genetics.103.026096",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        8,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-08-02T23:56:34Z",
    "timestamp": 1091490994000
  },
  "page": "1395-1405",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 67,
  "title": "Structure and Expression of Maize Phytochrome Family HomeologsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY234825, AY234826, AY234827, AY234828, AY234829, AY234830.",
  "prefix": "10.1093",
  "volume": "167",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Moira J",
      "family": "Sheehan",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853"
        },
        {
          "name": "Plant Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Phyllis R",
      "family": "Farmer",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas P",
      "family": "Brutnell",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "286",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1081",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.110.4.1081",
      "volume": "110",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "362",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026316",
      "volume": "17",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Evol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "458",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01148-1",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB4",
      "first-page": "1317",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "149",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00090-3",
      "volume": "67",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Field Crops Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "27",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1006488119301",
      "volume": "44",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB7",
      "first-page": "1081",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9692",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.86.24.9692",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3015",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07852.x",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "625",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b300094j",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "611",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.113.2.611",
      "volume": "113",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "381",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0378-1119(89)90431-9",
      "volume": "85",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Gene"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1991",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991",
      "volume": "81",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "413",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00043870",
      "volume": "25",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2248",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.8.2248",
      "volume": "80",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "91",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00020091",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "305",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00269863",
      "volume": "225",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Gen. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB18",
      "first-page": "1081",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1479",
      "DOI": "10.1105/tpc.10.9.1479",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "909",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.119.3.909",
      "volume": "119",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "847",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(78)90023-2",
      "volume": "126",
      "year": "1978",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1981",
      "DOI": "10.1105/tpc.015164",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "55",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gr.160601",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Genome Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6809",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.13.6809",
      "volume": "94",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "959",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.115.3.959",
      "volume": "115",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "446",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00082-7",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1033",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.119.3.1033",
      "volume": "119",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s004250050080",
      "volume": "201",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Planta"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "431",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.1998.00144.x",
      "volume": "14",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2332",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.81.8.2332",
      "volume": "81",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "589",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00046444",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5288",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/19.20.5288",
      "volume": "19",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "160",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025912",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Evol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2441",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/21.10.2441",
      "volume": "21",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "660",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01836.x",
      "volume": "35",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "391",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.2000.00753.x",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2987",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00358a038",
      "volume": "25",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB38",
      "first-page": "351",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB39",
      "first-page": "1445",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1541",
      "DOI": "10.1105/tpc.001156",
      "volume": "14",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB41",
      "first-page": "72",
      "volume": "27",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Biotechniques"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8169",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.140520097",
      "volume": "97",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "453",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1014893521186",
      "volume": "48",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "657",
      "DOI": "10.1086/376820",
      "volume": "164",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Plant Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB45",
      "first-page": "4840",
      "volume": "8",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1578",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.103.029694",
      "volume": "133",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1141",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025677",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Evol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "666",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-117.x",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell Environ."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB49",
      "first-page": "1141",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Evol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "571",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature01837",
      "volume": "424",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1962",
      "DOI": "10.1105/tpc.012971",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1614",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.012567",
      "volume": "130",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "269",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.102.1.269",
      "volume": "102",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "257",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.3.257",
      "volume": "14",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB55",
      "first-page": "39",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5884",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.11.5884",
      "volume": "95",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "R674",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00352-6",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "657",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-108.x",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell Environ."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "180",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00309-5",
      "volume": "14",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "675",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7732376",
      "volume": "268",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "305",
      "DOI": "10.1038/15479",
      "volume": "23",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "150",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00008-6",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB63",
      "first-page": "147",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1139",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.104.4.1139",
      "volume": "104",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "859",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10050859.x",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB66"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "765",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.274.5288.765",
      "volume": "274",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "155",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.006411",
      "volume": "130",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "442",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.005389",
      "volume": "130",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "287",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0378-1119(86)90072-7",
      "volume": "47",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Gene"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "135",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1023901718508",
      "volume": "52",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "317",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01722.x",
      "volume": "34",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "289",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.001445",
      "volume": "46",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "523",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.107.2.523",
      "volume": "107",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "413",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.7030413.x",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Plant J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1006/abbi.1993.1473",
      "volume": "306",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Biochem. Biophys."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB77",
      "first-page": "18",
      "volume": "74",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Maize Genet. Newsl."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB78",
      "first-page": "928",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Crop Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1257",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02939.x",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8596",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.19.8596",
      "volume": "92",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB81",
      "first-page": "757",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB82",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "635",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80092-5",
      "volume": "8",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "453",
      "DOI": "10.1093/genetics/153.1.453",
      "volume": "153",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Genetics"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB84",
      "first-page": "1433",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Plant Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB85",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "437",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.145.3.437",
      "volume": "145",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB86",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13976",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.23.13976",
      "volume": "95",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2022010614194667200_BIB87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1345",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gr.185902",
      "volume": "12",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Genome Res."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Genetics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article-pdf/167/3/1395/42060133/genetics1395.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article-pdf/167/3/1395/42060133/genetics1395.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        1,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-01-06T14:22:52Z",
    "timestamp": 1641478972000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/167/3/1395/6050643"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 87,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "3",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2004,
          7,
          1
        ]
      ]
    },
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2004,
          7,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.103.026096",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1943-2631"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}