DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899. Dendritic Spikes Amplify the Synaptic Signal to Enhance Detection of Motion in a Simulation of the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell

Dendritic Spikes Amplify the Synaptic Signal to Enhance Detection of Motion in a Simulation of the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell

10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899

Crossref journal-article

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

PLoS Computational Biology (340)

Bibliography

Schachter, M. J., Oesch, N., Smith, R. G., & Taylor, W. R. (2010). Dendritic Spikes Amplify the Synaptic Signal to Enhance Detection of Motion in a Simulation of the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell. PLoS Computational Biology, 6(8), e1000899.

Authors 4

Michael J. Schachter (first)
Nicholas Oesch (additional)
Robert G. Smith (additional)
W. Rowland Taylor (additional)

References 74 Referenced 75

10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007463 / J Physiol / Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit. by HB Barlow (1964)
10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007638 / J Physiol / The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina. by HB Barlow (1965)
10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.036 / Neuron / Direction-selective dendritic action potentials in rabbit retina. by N Oesch (2005)
10.1126/science.290.5492.739 / Science / Diversity and dynamics of dendritic signaling. by M Häusser (2000)
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020912 / J Physiol / The relationship between light-evoked synaptic excitation and spiking behaviour of salamander retinal ganglion cells. by JS Diamond (1995)
10.1038/84007 / Nat Neurosci / The computation of directional selectivity in the retina occurs presynaptic to the ganglion cell. by LJ Borg-Graham (2001)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07712.2002 / J Neurosci / Diverse synaptic mechanisms generate direction selectivity in the rabbit retina. by WR Taylor (2002)
10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.613 / J Neurophysiol / Directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina: specificity for stimulus direction, size, and speed. by HJ Wyatt (1975)
10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2174 / J Neurophysiol / Inhibition in ON-OFF directionally selective ganglion cells of the rabbit retina. by FR Amthor (2003)
10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.1026 / J Neurophysiol / Functional inhibition in direction-selective retinal ganglion cells: spatiotemporal extent and intralaminar interactions. by SF Stasheff (2002)
10.1098/rspb.1978.0075 / Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences / A synaptic mechanism possibly underlying directional selectivity to motion. by V Torre (1978)
10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.001 / Neuron / Cellular mechanisms for direction selecitivity in the retina. by JB Demb (2007)
10.1038/nn1305 / Nat Neurosci / Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons. by SR Williams (2004)
10.1073/pnas.80.9.2799 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Nonlinear interactions in a dendritic tree: localization, timing, and role in information processing. by C Koch (1983)
10.1126/science.289.5488.2347 / Science / Dendritic computation of direction selectivity by retinal ganglion cells. by WR Taylor (2000)
10.1038/nature00931 / Nature / Directionally selective calcium signals in dendrites of starburst amacrine cells. by T Euler (2002)
10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.007 / Neuron / Directional selectivity is formed at multiple levels by laterally offset inhibition in the rabbit retina. by SI Fried (2005)
10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.703 / J Neurophysiol / Effect of ON pathway blockade on directional selectivity in the rabbit retina. by CA Kittila (1995)
10.1016/0042-6989(93)90181-U / Vision Res / Dendritic architecture of ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. by CW Oyster (1993)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06301.1994 / J Neurosci / Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina. by DI Vaney (1994)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05267.1994 / J Neurosci / Receptive fields and dendritic structure of directionally selective retinal ganglion cells. by G Yang (1994)
10.1016/0014-4886(59)90046-9 / Exp Neurol / Branching dendritic trees and motoneuron membrane resistivity. by W Rall (1959)
10.1098/rstb.1982.0084 / Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci / Retinal ganglion cells: a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology. by C Koch (1982)
{'key': 'ref24', 'article-title': 'A theoretical view of passive and active dendrites.', 'author': 'I Segev', 'year': '1999'} / A theoretical view of passive and active dendrites. by I Segev (1999)
{'key': 'ref25', 'article-title': 'Biophysics of computation: information processing in single neurons', 'author': 'C Koch', 'year': '1999'} / Biophysics of computation: information processing in single neurons by C Koch (1999)
10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.926 / J Neurophysiol / Propagation of action potentials in dendrites depends on dendritic morphology. by P Vetter (2001)
10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1412 / J Neurophysiol / Action potentials in the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells. by TJ Velte (1999)
10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1948 / J Neurophysiol / Mechanisms by which cell geometry controls repetitive impulse firing in retinal ganglion cells. by JF Fohlmeister (1997)
10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1685 / J Neurophysiol / Impulse encoding across the dendritic morphologies of retinal ganglion cells. by BW Sheasby (1999)
10.1152/jn.01106.2002 / J Neurophysiol / Effects of noise on the spike timing precision of retinal ganglion cells. by MCW van Rossum (2003)
10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00167-X / Trends Neurosci / New directions in retinal research. by WR Taylor (2003)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01728.1990 / J Neurosci / Visibility of synaptically induced conductance changes: theory and simulations of anatomically characterized cortical pyramidal cells. by C Koch (1990)
10.1152/jn.1967.30.5.1138 / J Neurophysiol / Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input. by W Rall (1967)
10.1017/S0952523804214109 / Vis Neurosci / Direction selectivity in a model of the starburst amacrine cell. by JJ Tukker (2004)
{'key': 'ref35', 'first-page': '347', 'article-title': 'A model of the direction selectivity circuit in retina: transformations by neurons singly and in concert.', 'author': 'L Borg-Graham', 'year': '1992'} / A model of the direction selectivity circuit in retina: transformations by neurons singly and in concert. by L Borg-Graham (1992)
10.1007/BF02460658 / Bull Math Biol / Modelling the electrotonic structure of starburst amacrine cells in the rabbit retina: a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology. by RR Poznanski (1992)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-18-08049.1999 / J Neurosci / The nondiscriminating zone of directionally selective retinal ganglion cells: comparison with dendritic structure and implications for mechanism. by S He (1999)
10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2772 / J Neurophysiol / Direction selectivity of synaptic potentials in simple cells of the cat visual cortex. by B Jagadeesh (1997)
10.1017/S0952523800003953 / Vis Neurosci / Directional hyperacuity in ganglion cells of the rabbit retina. by NM Grzywacz (1994)
10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.032 / Neuron / Activity-dependent control of neuronal output by local and global dendritic spike attenuation. by S Remy (2009)
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000500 / PLoS Comput Biol / Parallel computational subunits in dentate granule cells generate multiple place fields. by B Ujfalussy (2009)
10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1266 / J Neurophysiol / A complex-cell receptive-field model. by H Spitzer (1985)
{'key': 'ref43', 'article-title': 'Dendritic integration.', 'author': 'N Spruston', 'year': '1999'} / Dendritic integration. by N Spruston (1999)
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb04473.x / J Neurochem / In vitro retina as an experimental model of the central nervous system. by A Ames 3rd (1981)
10.1016/0165-0270(92)90019-A / J Neurosci Meth 1992 / NeuronC: a computational language for investigating functional architecture of neural circuits. by RG Smith (1992)
{'key': 'ref46', 'author': 'RG Smith', 'year': '2010'} by RG Smith (2010)
10.1152/physrev.1992.72.suppl_4.S159 / Physiol Rev / Matching dendritic neuron models to experimental data. by W Rall (1992)
10.1152/jn.00123.2009 / J Neurophysiol / Mechanisms and distribution of ion channels in retinal ganglion cells: using temperature as an independent variable. by JF Fohlmeister (2010)
10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1935 / J Neurophysiol / Impulse encoding mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina. by JF Fohlmeister (1997)
10.1016/0168-0102(91)90009-N / Neurosci Res / Voltage-gated sodium currents in isolated retinal ganglion cells of the cat: relation between the inactivation kinetics and the cell type. by M Kaneda (1991)
{'key': 'ref51', 'article-title': 'Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes, 3rd Ed', 'author': 'B Hille', 'year': '2001'} / Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes, 3rd Ed by B Hille (2001)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02306.2003 / J Neurosci / Functional specialization of the axon initial segment by isoform-specific sodium channel targeting. by T Boiko (2003)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1101-06.2006 / J Neurosci / Impaired firing and cell-specific compensation in neurons lacking Nav1.6 sodium channels. by A Van Wart (2006)
10.1113/jphysiol.2005.083089 / J Physiol / Electrophysiological properties of two axonal sodium channels, Nav1.2 and Nav1.6, expressed in mouse spinal sensory neurones. by AM Rush (2005)
10.1038/nn.2359 / Nat Neurosci / Distinct contributions of Na(v)1.6 and Na(v)1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation. by W Hu (2009)
10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82186-5 / Biophys J / A sodium channel gating model based on single channel, macroscopic ionic, and gating currents in the squid giant axon. by CA Vandenberg (1991)
10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76052-3 / Biophys J / Inactivation and recovery of sodium currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons: evidence for two mechanisms. by IM Raman (2001)
10.1002/cne.21173 / J Comp Neurol / Polarized distribution of ion channels within microdomains of the axon initial segment. by A Van Wart (2007)
10.1016/S0006-3495(74)85948-5 / Biophys J / Transient response in a dendritic neuron model for current injected at one branch. by J Rinzel (1974)
{'key': 'ref60', 'first-page': '7613', 'article-title': 'Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'MC Magee', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'J Neurosci 1998'} / J Neurosci 1998 / Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. by MC Magee (1998)
10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 / J Physiol / Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. by P Jonas (1993)
10.1101/SQB.1990.055.01.009 / Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol / Synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons: numerical reconstruction of quantal IPSCs. by C Busch (1990)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02303.1988 / J Neurosci / The ON-alpha ganglion cell of the cat retina and its presynaptic cell types. by MA Freed (1988)
10.1002/cne.10288 / J Comp Neurol / Pattern of synaptic excitation and inhibition upon direction-selective retinal ganglion cells. by CJ Jeon (2002)
10.1002/cne.21677 / J Comp Neurol / Symmetric synaptic patterns between starburst amacrine cells and direction selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. by YC Chen (2008)
10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.101 / Brain Res / A nerve model of greatly increased energy-efficiency and encoding flexibility over the Hodgkin-Huxley model. by JF Fohlmeister (2009)
10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017847 / J Physiol / Calcium channels in solitary retinal ganglion cells from post-natal rat. by A Karschin (1989)
10.2170/jjphysiol.41.35 / Jap J Physiol / Voltage-gated calcium currents in isolated retinal ganglion cells of the cat. by M Kaneda (1991)
10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00351-5 / Neuroscience / Activation and inactivation properties of voltage-gated calcium currents in developing cat retinal ganglion cells. by S-J Huang (1998)
10.1017/S0952523803202054 / Vis Neurosci / Evidence for low-voltage-activated (LVA) calcium currents in the dendrites of tiger salamander retinal ganglion cells. by D Henderson (2003)
10.1016/S0070-2161(08)60476-1 / Curr Topics Membrane Transport / Sequential models of sodium-channel gating. by CM Armstrong (1984)
10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.151 / J Neurophysiol / Calcium-activated potassium conductances in retinal ganglion cells of the ferret. by G Wang (1998)
10.1085/jgp.111.4.565 / J Gen Physiol / Gating of recombinant small-conductance Ca-activated K+ channels by calcium. by B Hirschberg (1998)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-10-03657.1999 / J Neurosci / Photolytic manipulation of [Ca2+]i reveals slow kinetics of potassium channels underlying the afterhyperpolarization in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. by P Sah (1999)

Dates

Type	When
Created	15 years ago (Aug. 19, 2010, 5:41 p.m.)
Deposited	5 years, 3 months ago (May 9, 2020, 6:14 a.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 1:06 a.m.)
Issued	15 years ago (Aug. 19, 2010)
Published	15 years ago (Aug. 19, 2010)
Published Online	15 years ago (Aug. 19, 2010)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Schachter_2010, title={Dendritic Spikes Amplify the Synaptic Signal to Enhance Detection of Motion in a Simulation of the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell}, volume={6}, ISSN={1553-7358}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899}, number={8}, journal={PLoS Computational Biology}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Schachter, Michael J. and Oesch, Nicholas and Smith, Robert G. and Taylor, W. Rowland}, editor={Graham, Lyle J.}, year={2010}, month=aug, pages={e1000899} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-23T05:06:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1755925569620
  },
  "reference-count": 74,
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science (PLoS)",
  "issue": "8",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2010,
            8,
            19
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2010-08-19T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1282176000000
      },
      "content-version": "unspecified",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "www.ploscompbiol.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        8,
        19
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2010-08-19T21:41:50Z",
    "timestamp": 1282254110000
  },
  "page": "e1000899",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 75,
  "title": "Dendritic Spikes Amplify the Synaptic Signal to Enhance Detection of Motion in a Simulation of the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell",
  "prefix": "10.1371",
  "volume": "6",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Michael J.",
      "family": "Schachter",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Nicholas",
      "family": "Oesch",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert G.",
      "family": "Smith",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "W. Rowland",
      "family": "Taylor",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "340",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        8,
        19
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "ref1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "377",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007463",
      "article-title": "Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit.",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "HB Barlow",
      "year": "1964",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "477",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007638",
      "article-title": "The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit&apos;s retina.",
      "volume": "178",
      "author": "HB Barlow",
      "year": "1965",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "739",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.036",
      "article-title": "Direction-selective dendritic action potentials in rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "47",
      "author": "N Oesch",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "739",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.290.5492.739",
      "article-title": "Diversity and dynamics of dendritic signaling.",
      "volume": "290",
      "author": "M H\u00e4usser",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "711",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020912",
      "article-title": "The relationship between light-evoked synaptic excitation and spiking behaviour of salamander retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "487",
      "author": "JS Diamond",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "176",
      "DOI": "10.1038/84007",
      "article-title": "The computation of directional selectivity in the retina occurs presynaptic to the ganglion cell.",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "LJ Borg-Graham",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7712",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07712.2002",
      "article-title": "Diverse synaptic mechanisms generate direction selectivity in the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "WR Taylor",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "613",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.613",
      "article-title": "Directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina: specificity for stimulus direction, size, and speed.",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "HJ Wyatt",
      "year": "1975",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2174",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2174",
      "article-title": "Inhibition in ON-OFF directionally selective ganglion cells of the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "FR Amthor",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1026",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.1026",
      "article-title": "Functional inhibition in direction-selective retinal ganglion cells: spatiotemporal extent and intralaminar interactions.",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "SF Stasheff",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "409",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.1978.0075",
      "article-title": "A synaptic mechanism possibly underlying directional selectivity to motion.",
      "volume": "202",
      "author": "V Torre",
      "year": "1978",
      "journal-title": "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "179",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.001",
      "article-title": "Cellular mechanisms for direction selecitivity in the retina.",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "JB Demb",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "961",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nn1305",
      "article-title": "Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons.",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "SR Williams",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Nat Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2799",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.9.2799",
      "article-title": "Nonlinear interactions in a dendritic tree: localization, timing, and role in information processing.",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "C Koch",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2347",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5488.2347",
      "article-title": "Dendritic computation of direction selectivity by retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "289",
      "author": "WR Taylor",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "845",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature00931",
      "article-title": "Directionally selective calcium signals in dendrites of starburst amacrine cells.",
      "volume": "418",
      "author": "T Euler",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "117",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.007",
      "article-title": "Directional selectivity is formed at multiple levels by laterally offset inhibition in the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "SI Fried",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "703",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.703",
      "article-title": "Effect of ON pathway blockade on directional selectivity in the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "CA Kittila",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "579",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6989(93)90181-U",
      "article-title": "Dendritic architecture of ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "CW Oyster",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Vision Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6301",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06301.1994",
      "article-title": "Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "DI Vaney",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5267",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05267.1994",
      "article-title": "Receptive fields and dendritic structure of directionally selective retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "G Yang",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "491",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4886(59)90046-9",
      "article-title": "Branching dendritic trees and motoneuron membrane resistivity.",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "W Rall",
      "year": "1959",
      "journal-title": "Exp Neurol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "227",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rstb.1982.0084",
      "article-title": "Retinal ganglion cells: a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology.",
      "volume": "298",
      "author": "C Koch",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref24",
      "article-title": "A theoretical view of passive and active dendrites.",
      "author": "I Segev",
      "year": "1999"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref25",
      "article-title": "Biophysics of computation: information processing in single neurons",
      "author": "C Koch",
      "year": "1999"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "926",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.926",
      "article-title": "Propagation of action potentials in dendrites depends on dendritic morphology.",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "P Vetter",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1412",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1412",
      "article-title": "Action potentials in the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "81",
      "author": "TJ Velte",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1948",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1948",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms by which cell geometry controls repetitive impulse firing in retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "JF Fohlmeister",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1685",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1685",
      "article-title": "Impulse encoding across the dendritic morphologies of retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "81",
      "author": "BW Sheasby",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2406",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.01106.2002",
      "article-title": "Effects of noise on the spike timing precision of retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "MCW van Rossum",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00167-X",
      "article-title": "New directions in retinal research.",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "WR Taylor",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Trends Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1728",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01728.1990",
      "article-title": "Visibility of synaptically induced conductance changes: theory and simulations of anatomically characterized cortical pyramidal cells.",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "C Koch",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1138",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1967.30.5.1138",
      "article-title": "Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input.",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "W Rall",
      "year": "1967",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "611",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0952523804214109",
      "article-title": "Direction selectivity in a model of the starburst amacrine cell.",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "JJ Tukker",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Vis Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref35",
      "first-page": "347",
      "article-title": "A model of the direction selectivity circuit in retina: transformations by neurons singly and in concert.",
      "author": "L Borg-Graham",
      "year": "1992"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "905",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02460658",
      "article-title": "Modelling the electrotonic structure of starburst amacrine cells in the rabbit retina: a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology.",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "RR Poznanski",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Bull Math Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8049",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-18-08049.1999",
      "article-title": "The nondiscriminating zone of directionally selective retinal ganglion cells: comparison with dendritic structure and implications for mechanism.",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "S He",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2772",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2772",
      "article-title": "Direction selectivity of synaptic potentials in simple cells of the cat visual cortex.",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "B Jagadeesh",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1019",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0952523800003953",
      "article-title": "Directional hyperacuity in ganglion cells of the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "NM Grzywacz",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Vis Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "906",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.032",
      "article-title": "Activity-dependent control of neuronal output by local and global dendritic spike attenuation.",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "S Remy",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "e1000500",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000500",
      "article-title": "Parallel computational subunits in dentate granule cells generate multiple place fields.",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "B Ujfalussy",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "PLoS Comput Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1266",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1266",
      "article-title": "A complex-cell receptive-field model.",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "H Spitzer",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref43",
      "article-title": "Dendritic integration.",
      "author": "N Spruston",
      "year": "1999"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "867",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb04473.x",
      "article-title": "In vitro retina as an experimental model of the central nervous system.",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "A Ames 3rd",
      "year": "1981",
      "journal-title": "J Neurochem"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "83",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0165-0270(92)90019-A",
      "article-title": "NeuronC: a computational language for investigating functional architecture of neural circuits.",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "RG Smith",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci Meth 1992"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref46",
      "author": "RG Smith",
      "year": "2010"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "S159",
      "DOI": "10.1152/physrev.1992.72.suppl_4.S159",
      "article-title": "Matching dendritic neuron models to experimental data.",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "W Rall",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Physiol Rev"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1357",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.00123.2009",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms and distribution of ion channels in retinal ganglion cells: using temperature as an independent variable.",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "JF Fohlmeister",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1935",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1935",
      "article-title": "Impulse encoding mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina.",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "JF Fohlmeister",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "261",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-0102(91)90009-N",
      "article-title": "Voltage-gated sodium currents in isolated retinal ganglion cells of the cat: relation between the inactivation kinetics and the cell type.",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "M Kaneda",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Neurosci Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref51",
      "article-title": "Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes, 3rd Ed",
      "author": "B Hille",
      "year": "2001"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2306",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02306.2003",
      "article-title": "Functional specialization of the axon initial segment by isoform-specific sodium channel targeting.",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "T Boiko",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7172",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1101-06.2006",
      "article-title": "Impaired firing and cell-specific compensation in neurons lacking Nav1.6 sodium channels.",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "A Van Wart",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "803",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.2005.083089",
      "article-title": "Electrophysiological properties of two axonal sodium channels, Nav1.2 and Nav1.6, expressed in mouse spinal sensory neurones.",
      "volume": "564",
      "author": "AM Rush",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "996",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nn.2359",
      "article-title": "Distinct contributions of Na(v)1.6 and Na(v)1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation.",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "W Hu",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Nat Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1511",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82186-5",
      "article-title": "A sodium channel gating model based on single channel, macroscopic ionic, and gating currents in the squid giant axon.",
      "volume": "60",
      "author": "CA Vandenberg",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Biophys J"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "729",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76052-3",
      "article-title": "Inactivation and recovery of sodium currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons: evidence for two mechanisms.",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "IM Raman",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Biophys J"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "339",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cne.21173",
      "article-title": "Polarized distribution of ion channels within microdomains of the axon initial segment.",
      "volume": "500",
      "author": "A Van Wart",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "J Comp Neurol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "759",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-3495(74)85948-5",
      "article-title": "Transient response in a dendritic neuron model for current injected at one branch.",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "J Rinzel",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "Biophys J"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref60",
      "first-page": "7613",
      "article-title": "Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "MC Magee",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci 1998"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "615",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965",
      "article-title": "Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus.",
      "volume": "472",
      "author": "P Jonas",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "69",
      "DOI": "10.1101/SQB.1990.055.01.009",
      "article-title": "Synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons: numerical reconstruction of quantal IPSCs.",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "C Busch",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2303",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02303.1988",
      "article-title": "The ON-alpha ganglion cell of the cat retina and its presynaptic cell types.",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "MA Freed",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "195",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cne.10288",
      "article-title": "Pattern of synaptic excitation and inhibition upon direction-selective retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "449",
      "author": "CJ Jeon",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Comp Neurol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "175",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cne.21677",
      "article-title": "Symmetric synaptic patterns between starburst amacrine cells and direction selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina.",
      "volume": "508",
      "author": "YC Chen",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J Comp Neurol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "225",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.101",
      "article-title": "A nerve model of greatly increased energy-efficiency and encoding flexibility over the Hodgkin-Huxley model.",
      "volume": "1296",
      "author": "JF Fohlmeister",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Brain Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017847",
      "article-title": "Calcium channels in solitary retinal ganglion cells from post-natal rat.",
      "volume": "418",
      "author": "A Karschin",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35",
      "DOI": "10.2170/jjphysiol.41.35",
      "article-title": "Voltage-gated calcium currents in isolated retinal ganglion cells of the cat.",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "M Kaneda",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Jap J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00351-5",
      "article-title": "Activation and inactivation properties of voltage-gated calcium currents in developing cat retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "S-J Huang",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Neuroscience"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "141",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0952523803202054",
      "article-title": "Evidence for low-voltage-activated (LVA) calcium currents in the dendrites of tiger salamander retinal ganglion cells.",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "D Henderson",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Vis Neurosci"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "331",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0070-2161(08)60476-1",
      "article-title": "Sequential models of sodium-channel gating.",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "CM Armstrong",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Curr Topics Membrane Transport"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "151",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.151",
      "article-title": "Calcium-activated potassium conductances in retinal ganglion cells of the ferret.",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "G Wang",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Neurophysiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "565",
      "DOI": "10.1085/jgp.111.4.565",
      "article-title": "Gating of recombinant small-conductance Ca-activated K+ channels by calcium.",
      "volume": "111",
      "author": "B Hirschberg",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Gen Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3657",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-10-03657.1999",
      "article-title": "Photolytic manipulation of [Ca2+]i reveals slow kinetics of potassium channels underlying the afterhyperpolarization in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "P Sah",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Neurosci"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "PLoS Computational Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2020,
        5,
        9
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2020-05-09T10:14:19Z",
    "timestamp": 1589019259000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "editor": [
    {
      "given": "Lyle J.",
      "family": "Graham",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        8,
        19
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 74,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "8",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2010,
          8,
          19
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000899",
  "relation": {
    "has-review": [
      {
        "id-type": "doi",
        "id": "10.3410/f.5502956.5482057",
        "asserted-by": "object"
      }
    ]
  },
  "ISSN": [
    "1553-7358"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "PLoS Comput Biol",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        8,
        19
      ]
    ]
  }
}