DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424. Algorithmic Self-Assembly of DNA Sierpinski Triangles

Algorithmic Self-Assembly of DNA Sierpinski Triangles

10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424

Crossref journal-article

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

PLoS Biology (340)

Bibliography

Rothemund, P. W. K., Papadakis, N., & Winfree, E. (2004). Algorithmic Self-Assembly of DNA Sierpinski Triangles. PLoS Biology, 2(12), e424.

Authors 3

Paul W. K Rothemund (first)
Nick Papadakis (additional)
Erik Winfree (additional)

References 40 Referenced 652

{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ADLEMAN1', 'first-page': '1021', 'volume': '266', 'author': 'Adleman', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Science', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Science by Adleman (1994)
10.1007/978-3-7091-6597-3_8 / The universal Turing machine: A half-century survey by Bennett (1995)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-BOWDEN1', 'first-page': '233', 'volume': '276', 'author': 'Bowden', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Science', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Science by Bowden (1997)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-BRAUN1', 'first-page': '775', 'volume': '391', 'author': 'Braun', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Nature by Braun (1998)
10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_11 / DNA computing by Cook (2004)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-EGAN1', 'first-page': '349', 'author': 'Egan', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'New legends'} / New legends by Egan (1995)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-FU1', 'first-page': '3211', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Fu', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Biochemistry', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-2960', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Biochemistry by Fu (1993)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-JEN1', 'first-page': '3', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'Jen', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Physica D', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0167-2789', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Physica D by Jen (1990)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-KOLMOGOROV1', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Kolmogorov', 'year': '1965', 'journal-title': 'Problems Inform Transmission', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0032-9460', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Problems Inform Transmission by Kolmogorov (1965)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LABEAN1', 'first-page': '123', 'author': 'LaBean', 'year': '2000a', 'journal-title': 'DNA-based computers V'} / DNA-based computers V by LaBean (2000a)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LABEAN2', 'first-page': '1848', 'volume': '122', 'author': 'LaBean', 'year': '2000b', 'journal-title': 'J Am Chem Soc', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863', 'issn-type': 'print'} / J Am Chem Soc by LaBean (2000b)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LEVIN1', 'first-page': '15', 'volume': '61', 'author': 'Levin', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'Inform Control', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0019-9958', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Inform Control by Levin (1984)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LI1', 'first-page': '6131', 'volume': '118', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'J Am Chem Soc', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863', 'issn-type': 'print'} / J Am Chem Soc by Li (1996)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LINDGREN1', 'first-page': '299', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Lindgren', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Complex Sys', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0891-2513', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Complex Sys by Lindgren (1990)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MACKAY1', 'first-page': '15', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Mackay', 'year': '1975', 'journal-title': 'Izvj Jugosl Centr Krist Zagreb', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0449-5756', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Izvj Jugosl Centr Krist Zagreb by Mackay (1975)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MAO1', 'first-page': '5437', 'volume': '121', 'author': 'Mao', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'J Am Chem Soc', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863', 'issn-type': 'print'} / J Am Chem Soc by Mao (1999)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MAO2', 'first-page': '493', 'volume': '407', 'author': 'Mao', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Nature by Mao (2000)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-OUPOROV1', 'first-page': '266', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Ouporov', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Biophys J', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-3495', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Biophys J by Ouporov (1995)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-PENROSE1', 'first-page': '1183', 'volume': '179', 'author': 'Penrose', 'year': '1957', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Nature by Penrose (1957)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-RADIN1', 'first-page': '1342', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Radin', 'year': '1985', 'journal-title': 'J Math Phys', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022-2488', 'issn-type': 'print'} / J Math Phys by Radin (1985)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-REIF1', 'first-page': '217', 'author': 'Reif', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'DNA-based computers III'} / DNA-based computers III by Reif (1999)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-RHODES1', 'first-page': '573', 'volume': '286', 'author': 'Rhodes', 'year': '1980', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Nature by Rhodes (1980)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ROGOZHIN1', 'first-page': '215', 'volume': '168', 'author': 'Rogozhin', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Theor Comput Sci', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0304-3975', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Theor Comput Sci by Rogozhin (1996)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ROTHEMUND1', 'first-page': '984', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Rothemund', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A by Rothemund (2000)
10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_12 / DNA computing 9 by Schulman (2004)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SEEMAN1', 'first-page': '237', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'Seeman', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'J Theor Biol', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022-5193', 'issn-type': 'print'} / J Theor Biol by Seeman (1982)
10.1080/07391102.1990.10507829 / J Biomol Struct Dyn by Seeman (1990)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SEEMAN3', 'first-page': '7259', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Seeman', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Biochemistry', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-2960', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Biochemistry by Seeman (2003)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-STEMMER1', 'first-page': '49', 'volume': '164', 'author': 'Stemmer', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Gene', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0378-1119', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Gene by Stemmer (1995)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-TURING1', 'first-page': '230', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Turing', 'year': '1936', 'journal-title': 'Proc Lond Math Soc', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0024-6115', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Proc Lond Math Soc by Turing (1936)
10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb03975.x / Bell System Tech J by Wang (1961)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WANG3', 'first-page': '200', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '1979', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A by Wang (1979)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WHITESIDES1', 'first-page': '1312', 'volume': '254', 'author': 'Whitesides', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Science', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Science by Whitesides (1991)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE1', 'first-page': '199', 'author': 'Winfree', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'DNA-based computers'} / DNA-based computers by Winfree (1996)
10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_13 / DNA computing 9 by Winfree (2004)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE5', 'first-page': '539', 'volume': '394', 'author': 'Winfree', 'year': '1998a', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Nature by Winfree (1998a)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE6', 'first-page': '191', 'author': 'Winfree', 'year': '1998b', 'journal-title': 'DNA-based computers II'} / DNA-based computers II by Winfree (1998b)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WOLFRAM1', 'first-page': '123', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Wolfram', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Adv Appl Math', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0196-8858', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Adv Appl Math by Wolfram (1986)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-YAN1', 'first-page': '8103', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Yan', 'year': '2003a', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A by Yan (2003a)
{'key': 'JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-YAN2', 'first-page': '1882', 'volume': '301', 'author': 'Yan', 'year': '2003b', 'journal-title': 'Science', 'ISSN': 'http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511', 'issn-type': 'print'} / Science by Yan (2003b)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 2004, 4:49 p.m.)
Deposited	6 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 23, 2018, 4:46 p.m.)
Indexed	6 days, 1 hour ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 6:28 a.m.)
Issued	20 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 7, 2004)
Published	20 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 7, 2004)
Published Online	20 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 7, 2004)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Rothemund_2004, title={Algorithmic Self-Assembly of DNA Sierpinski Triangles}, volume={2}, ISSN={1545-7885}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424}, number={12}, journal={PLoS Biology}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Rothemund, Paul W. K and Papadakis, Nick and Winfree, Erik}, editor={Anne Condon}, year={2004}, month=dec, pages={e424} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        31
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-31T10:28:47Z",
    "timestamp": 1756636127219
  },
  "reference-count": 40,
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science (PLoS)",
  "issue": "12",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2004,
            12,
            7
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2004-12-07T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1102377600000
      },
      "content-version": "unspecified",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "www.plosbiology.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        1
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-12-01T21:49:49Z",
    "timestamp": 1101937789000
  },
  "page": "e424",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.corrections_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 652,
  "title": "Algorithmic Self-Assembly of DNA Sierpinski Triangles",
  "prefix": "10.1371",
  "volume": "2",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Paul W. K",
      "family": "Rothemund",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Nick",
      "family": "Papadakis",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Erik",
      "family": "Winfree",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "340",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ADLEMAN1",
      "first-page": "1021",
      "volume": "266",
      "author": "Adleman",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Science",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-BENNETT1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "207",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-7091-6597-3_8",
      "author": "Bennett",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "The universal Turing machine: A half-century survey"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-BOWDEN1",
      "first-page": "233",
      "volume": "276",
      "author": "Bowden",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Science",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-BRAUN1",
      "first-page": "775",
      "volume": "391",
      "author": "Braun",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Nature",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-COOK1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "91",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_11",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Cook",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "DNA computing"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-EGAN1",
      "first-page": "349",
      "author": "Egan",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "New legends"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-FU1",
      "first-page": "3211",
      "volume": "32",
      "author": "Fu",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-2960",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-JEN1",
      "first-page": "3",
      "volume": "45",
      "author": "Jen",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Physica D",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0167-2789",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-KOLMOGOROV1",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Kolmogorov",
      "year": "1965",
      "journal-title": "Problems Inform Transmission",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0032-9460",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LABEAN1",
      "first-page": "123",
      "author": "LaBean",
      "year": "2000a",
      "journal-title": "DNA-based computers V"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LABEAN2",
      "first-page": "1848",
      "volume": "122",
      "author": "LaBean",
      "year": "2000b",
      "journal-title": "J Am Chem Soc",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LEVIN1",
      "first-page": "15",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Levin",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Inform Control",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0019-9958",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LI1",
      "first-page": "6131",
      "volume": "118",
      "author": "Li",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J Am Chem Soc",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-LINDGREN1",
      "first-page": "299",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Lindgren",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Complex Sys",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0891-2513",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MACKAY1",
      "first-page": "15",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Mackay",
      "year": "1975",
      "journal-title": "Izvj Jugosl Centr Krist Zagreb",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0449-5756",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MAO1",
      "first-page": "5437",
      "volume": "121",
      "author": "Mao",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Am Chem Soc",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0002-7863",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-MAO2",
      "first-page": "493",
      "volume": "407",
      "author": "Mao",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-OUPOROV1",
      "first-page": "266",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Ouporov",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Biophys J",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-3495",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-PENROSE1",
      "first-page": "1183",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Penrose",
      "year": "1957",
      "journal-title": "Nature",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-RADIN1",
      "first-page": "1342",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Radin",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "J Math Phys",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022-2488",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-REIF1",
      "first-page": "217",
      "author": "Reif",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "DNA-based computers III"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-RHODES1",
      "first-page": "573",
      "volume": "286",
      "author": "Rhodes",
      "year": "1980",
      "journal-title": "Nature",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ROGOZHIN1",
      "first-page": "215",
      "volume": "168",
      "author": "Rogozhin",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Theor Comput Sci",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0304-3975",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-ROTHEMUND1",
      "first-page": "984",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Rothemund",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SCHULMAN2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "108",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_12",
      "author": "Schulman",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "DNA computing 9"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SEEMAN1",
      "first-page": "237",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Seeman",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "J Theor Biol",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022-5193",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SEEMAN2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "573",
      "DOI": "10.1080/07391102.1990.10507829",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Seeman",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Biomol Struct Dyn",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0739-1102",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-SEEMAN3",
      "first-page": "7259",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Seeman",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0006-2960",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-STEMMER1",
      "first-page": "49",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Stemmer",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Gene",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0378-1119",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-TURING1",
      "first-page": "230",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Turing",
      "year": "1936",
      "journal-title": "Proc Lond Math Soc",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0024-6115",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WANG1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb03975.x",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "1961",
      "journal-title": "Bell System Tech J",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0005-8580",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WANG3",
      "first-page": "200",
      "volume": "76",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WHITESIDES1",
      "first-page": "1312",
      "volume": "254",
      "author": "Whitesides",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Science",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE1",
      "first-page": "199",
      "author": "Winfree",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "DNA-based computers"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "126",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_13",
      "author": "Winfree",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "DNA computing 9"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE5",
      "first-page": "539",
      "volume": "394",
      "author": "Winfree",
      "year": "1998a",
      "journal-title": "Nature",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0028-0836",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WINFREE6",
      "first-page": "191",
      "author": "Winfree",
      "year": "1998b",
      "journal-title": "DNA-based computers II"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-WOLFRAM1",
      "first-page": "123",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Wolfram",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Adv Appl Math",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0196-8858",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-YAN1",
      "first-page": "8103",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "Yan",
      "year": "2003a",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424",
      "issn-type": "print"
    },
    {
      "key": "JOURNAL-PBIO-0020424-YAN2",
      "first-page": "1882",
      "volume": "301",
      "author": "Yan",
      "year": "2003b",
      "journal-title": "Science",
      "ISSN": "http://id.crossref.org/issn/0193-4511",
      "issn-type": "print"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "PLoS Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        10,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2018-10-23T20:46:42Z",
    "timestamp": 1540327602000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "editor": [
    {
      "family": "Anne Condon",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 40,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "12",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2004,
          12,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020424",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1545-7885"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "PLoS Biol",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        7
      ]
    ]
  }
}