DOI: 10.1346/ccmn.1971.0190302. Mixed-Layer Kaolinite—Montmorillonite from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Mixed-Layer Kaolinite—Montmorillonite from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

10.1346/ccmn.1971.0190302

Crossref journal-article

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Clays and Clay Minerals (56)

Abstract

AbstractClay beds 1–2 m thick and interbedded with marine limestones probably of early Eocene age are composed of nearly pure mixed-layer kaolinite-montmorillonite. Particle size studies, electron micrographs, X-ray diffraction studies, chemical analyses, cation exchange experiments, DTA, and TGA indicate that clays from three different localities contain roughly equal proportions of randomly interlayered kaolinite and montmorillonite layers. The montmorillonite structural formulas average K0·2Na0·2Ca0·2Mg0·2(Al2·5Fe1·03+Mg0·5)(Al0·75Si7.25)O20+(OH)4−, with a deficiency of structural (OH) in either the montmorillonite or kaolinite layers. Nonexchangeable K+ indicates that a few layers are mica-like. Crystals are mostly round plates 1/10 to 1/20 μ across. The feature most diagnostic of the mixed-layer character is an X-ray reflection near 8 Å after heating at 300°C. The clays are inferred to have developed by weathering of volcanic ash and subsequent erosion and deposition in protected nearshore basins.

Bibliography

Schultz, L. G., Shepard, A. O., Blackmon, P. D., & Starkey, H. C. (1971). Mixed-Layer KaoliniteâMontmorillonite from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Clays and Clay Minerals, 19(3), 137â150.

Authors 4

L. G. Schultz (first)
A. O. Shepard (additional)
P. D. Blackmon (additional)
H. C. Starkey (additional)

References 18 Referenced 90

10.1021/ja01126a001
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib6', 'first-page': '604', 'article-title': 'Dehydration of the montmor-illonite minerals', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Greene-Kelly', 'year': '1955', 'journal-title': 'Mineralog. Mag.'} / Mineralog. Mag. / Dehydration of the montmor-illonite minerals by Greene-Kelly (1955)
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib9', 'first-page': '393', 'volume-title': 'X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals', 'author': 'MacEwan', 'year': '1961'} / X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals by MacEwan (1961)
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib17', 'first-page': '389', 'article-title': 'Types of mixed-layer minerals from Japan', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Sudo', 'year': '1955', 'journal-title': 'Clays and Clay Minerals'} / Clays and Clay Minerals / Types of mixed-layer minerals from Japan by Sudo (1955)
Thompson, R. H. , (1958) Modern Yucatecan Maya pottery making .
Shimoyama, A. , Johns, W. D. and Sudo, T. , (1969) Montmorillonite-kaolin clay in acid clay deposits from Japan Proc. Internat. Clay Conf, Tokyo 225–231.
{'volume-title': 'X-ray Diffraction Procedures', 'year': '1954', 'author': 'Klug', 'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib7'} / X-ray Diffraction Procedures by Klug (1954)
10.1346/CCMN.1969.0170302
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib11', 'first-page': '1161', 'article-title': 'Experimental formation of kaolinite from montmorillonite at low temperatures', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Poncelet', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'Am. Mineralogist'} / Am. Mineralogist / Experimental formation of kaolinite from montmorillonite at low temperatures by Poncelet (1967)
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib2', 'first-page': '1', 'volume-title': 'X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals', 'author': 'Brindley', 'year': '1961'} / X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals by Brindley (1961)
Sudo, T. , (1959) Mineralogical Study on Clays of Japan .
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib4', 'first-page': '314', 'volume-title': 'X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals', 'author': 'Brown', 'year': '1951'} / X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals by Brown (1951)
10.1524/zkri.1968.126.1-3.80
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib5', 'first-page': '63', 'article-title': 'Mapas geológicos de la península de Yucatán—I. Las formaciones cenozóicas de la parte mexicana de la peninsula de Yucatan', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Butterlin', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'Ingeniería Hydraul. México'} / Ingeniería Hydraul. México / Mapas geológicos de la península de Yucatán—I. Las formaciones cenozóicas de la parte mexicana de la peninsula de Yucatan by Butterlin (1963)
Brindley, G. W. and de Souza Santos, P. , (1966) New varieties of kaolin group minerals and the problem of finding a suitable nomenclature Proc. Internat. Clay Conf., Jerusalem 3–9.
{'key': 'S0009860400027907_bib8', 'first-page': '143', 'volume-title': 'X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals', 'author': 'MacEwan', 'year': '1961'} / X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals by MacEwan (1961)
Ruiz Amil, A. , Ramirez Garcia, A. and MacEwan, D. M. C. , (1967) X-ray Diffraction Curves for the Analysis of Interstratified Structures Inst. Quimica Inorg. 179.
10.1126/science.141.3576.148

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 11 months ago (Aug. 28, 2006, 12:29 a.m.)
Deposited	1 month ago (July 23, 2025, 3:28 a.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 3 days ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 8:16 a.m.)
Issued	54 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1971)
Published	54 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1971)
Published Online	1 year, 1 month ago (July 1, 2024)
Published Print	54 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1971)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Schultz_1971, title={Mixed-Layer Kaolinite—Montmorillonite from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico}, volume={19}, ISSN={1552-8367}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1971.0190302}, DOI={10.1346/ccmn.1971.0190302}, number={3}, journal={Clays and Clay Minerals}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Schultz, L. G. and Shepard, A. O. and Blackmon, P. D. and Starkey, H. C.}, year={1971}, month=jul, pages={137–150} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Clay beds 1\u20132 m thick and interbedded with marine limestones probably of early Eocene age are composed of nearly pure mixed-layer kaolinite-montmorillonite. Particle size studies, electron micrographs, X-ray diffraction studies, chemical analyses, cation exchange experiments, DTA, and TGA indicate that clays from three different localities contain roughly equal proportions of randomly interlayered kaolinite and montmorillonite layers. The montmorillonite structural formulas average K<jats:sub>0\u00b72</jats:sub>Na<jats:sub>0\u00b72</jats:sub>Ca<jats:sub>0\u00b72</jats:sub>Mg<jats:sub>0\u00b72</jats:sub>(Al<jats:sub>2\u00b75</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>1\u00b70</jats:sub><jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>Mg<jats:sub>0\u00b75</jats:sub>)(Al<jats:sub>0\u00b775</jats:sub>Si<jats:sub>7.25</jats:sub>)O<jats:sub>20+</jats:sub>(OH)<jats:sub>4\u2212</jats:sub>, with a deficiency of structural (OH) in either the montmorillonite or kaolinite layers. Nonexchangeable K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> indicates that a few layers are mica-like. Crystals are mostly round plates 1/10 to 1/20 <jats:italic>\u03bc</jats:italic> across. The feature most diagnostic of the mixed-layer character is an X-ray reflection near 8 \u00c5 after heating at 300\u00b0C. The clays are inferred to have developed by weathering of volcanic ash and subsequent erosion and deposition in protected nearshore basins.</jats:p>",
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