DOI: 10.1260/0309524001495639. Optimizing the Geographic Distribution of Wind Plants in Iowa for Maximum Economic Benefit and Reliability

Optimizing the Geographic Distribution of Wind Plants in Iowa for Maximum Economic Benefit and Reliability

10.1260/0309524001495639

Crossref journal-article

SAGE Publications

Wind Engineering (179)

Abstract

By the end of June 1999, 250 MW of wind generation had been dedicated in the State of Iowa. This represents the beginning of what is likely to be significant wind capacity development during the next 20 years in the State as a result of possible governmental mandates and consumers' desire for sustainable sources of energy. After accounting for predicted load growth over the next 15 years, we estimate Iowa's potential wind energy portfolio through to the year 2015. Winds in the Midwest are primarily generated by fronts moving through the region. The purpose of this study is to find the best way to distribute wind-generating capacity among several sites by using an electricity-production, cost and reliability model. We calculate this benefit in terms of reduction in the fuel cost of conventional generators. We also consider system reliability in terms of energy not served (ENS). Our findings indicate that it is beneficial to develop wind power plants at several sites, and that there are many possible combinations of wind locations that can be chosen to obtain diversity benefits. We also calculate capacity credit for the composite wind power plants using two different methods, and calculate a trade-off curve between the economically optimal and the most reliable solutions. The methods we use to find the best geographical locations and sizes of wind power plant are based on a dynamic fuzzy search algorithm and a genetic algorithm. Each procedure produces a solution set that can be analyzed further in other contexts, such as voltage and land use constraints. We illustrate the sensitivity of the fuzzy economic benefit solutions to small perturbations of the capacity selections at each wind site. We find that small changes in site capacity and/or location have small effects on the economic benefit provided by wind power plants.

Bibliography

Milligan, M. R., & Factor, T. (2000). Optimizing the Geographic Distribution of Wind Plants in Iowa for Maximum Economic Benefit and Reliability. Wind Engineering, 24(4), 271â290.

Authors 2

Michael R. Milligan (first)
Tom Factor (additional)

References 17 Referenced 43

{'key': 'bibr1-0309524001495639', 'volume-title': 'Electric Power Systems Research', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Kahn E.', 'year': '1979'} / Electric Power Systems Research by Kahn E. (1979)
Grubb M. J. “The Integration of Renewable Electricity Sources,” Energy Policy, September 1991, pp. 670–688. (10.1016/0301-4215(91)90100-3)
Milligan M., Artig R. “Optimal Site Selection and Sizing of Distributed Utility-Scale Wind Power Plants,” Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference of the International Association for Energy Economics, pp. 313–322.
10.2172/752651
Varian H., Microeconomic Analysis, New York: Norton, 1978, pp. 27–34.
McConnell C., Brue S., Economics, 14th ed., Boston: Irwin/McGraw Hill, 1999, page 429.
Milligan M., Miller A., Chapman F. “Estimating the Economic Value of Wind Forecasting to Utilities,” Proceedings of WindPower ′95 Conference. NREL/TP-441-7803.
{'key': 'bibr8-0309524001495639', 'volume-title': 'Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition', 'author': 'Fukunaga K.', 'year': '1990', 'edition': '2'} / Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition by Fukunaga K. (1990)
{'volume-title': '“Advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines in Windfarms,”', 'year': '1997', 'author': 'United States Department of Energy', 'key': 'bibr9-0309524001495639'} / “Advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines in Windfarms,” by United States Department of Energy (1997)
{'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the Windpower ′96 Conference', 'year': '1996', 'author': 'Milligan M.', 'key': 'bibr10-0309524001495639'} / Proceedings of the Windpower ′96 Conference by Milligan M. (1996)
10.1007/978-1-4615-7731-7
Billinton R., Chen H., Ghajar R. “A Sequential Simulation Technique for Adequacy Evaluation of Generating Systems Including Wind Energy,” IEEE/PES Winter Meeting, January 21–25, 1996. (10.1109/60.556371)
{'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems', 'year': '1997', 'author': 'Milligan M.', 'key': 'bibr13-0309524001495639'} / Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems by Milligan M. (1997)
{'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the Wind ′97 Conference', 'year': '1997', 'author': 'Milligan M.', 'key': 'bibr14-0309524001495639'} / Proceedings of the Wind ′97 Conference by Milligan M. (1997)
10.1049/ip-d.1992.0007
{'volume-title': 'Working Paper', 'author': 'Wan Y.', 'key': 'bibr16-0309524001495639'} / Working Paper by Wan Y.
{'volume-title': 'Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning', 'year': '1989', 'author': 'Goldberg D.', 'key': 'bibr17-0309524001495639'} / Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning by Goldberg D. (1989)

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2002, 7:42 p.m.)
Deposited	5 months, 3 weeks ago (March 10, 2025, 10:12 a.m.)
Indexed	5 months, 1 week ago (March 22, 2025, 4:36 a.m.)
Issued	25 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2000)
Published	25 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2000)
Published Online	25 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2000)
Published Print	25 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 2000)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Milligan_2000, title={Optimizing the Geographic Distribution of Wind Plants in Iowa for Maximum Economic Benefit and Reliability}, volume={24}, ISSN={2048-402X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309524001495639}, DOI={10.1260/0309524001495639}, number={4}, journal={Wind Engineering}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Milligan, Michael R. and Factor, Tom}, year={2000}, month=jul, pages={271–290} }

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