DOI: 10.1242/jeb.37.4.889. A Rubber-Like Protein in Insect Cuticle

10.1242/jeb.37.4.889

Crossref journal-article

The Company of Biologists

Journal of Experimental Biology (237)

Abstract

ABSTRACT The cuticle of arthropods is complex and varies enormously in structure, properties and composition even within the same species (cf. Richards, 1951). However, the mechanical behaviour is dominated by materials in the solid state of matter so that the mature cuticles hitherto described in the literature may be classed as solid cuticle. It was therefore surprising to find that certain patches of the exoskeleton in many insects exhibit long-range reversible elasticity of the rubber-like type. This paper describes three examples of rubber-like cuticle from locusts (Orthoptera) and dragonflies (Odonata). Similar structures have been found in all winged insects hitherto examined (Weis-Fogh, unpublished). Essentially the present survey is a qualitative analysis of the material basis for the rubber-like properties of three selected samples, based upon simple tests and techniques. The main conclusion is that the characteristic elasticity is caused by a peculiar protein, called resilin, which differs from other structural proteins also in respect of amino-acid composition (Bailey & Weis-Fogh, 1961). Resilin is insoluble in all solvents which do not break peptide bonds and since it is located as an integral part of the highly organized cuticle it is necessary to analyse the three samples in detail as to structure and many other properties. Only in this way is it permissible to conclude that the elasticity depends on only one type of substance and to characterize it in general terms.

Bibliography

Weis-Fogh, T. (1960). A Rubber-Like Protein in Insect Cuticle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 37(4), 889â907.

Authors 1

Torkel Weis-Fogh (first)

References 34 Referenced 392

{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C1', 'volume-title': 'Amino acid composition of a new rubber-like protein, resilin. (In preparation', 'author': 'Bailey', 'year': '1961'} / Amino acid composition of a new rubber-like protein, resilin. (In preparation by Bailey (1961)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C2', 'first-page': '331', 'article-title': 'Review of the methods available for the determination of the types of forces stabilizing structural proteins in animals', 'volume': '91', 'author': 'Brown', 'year': '1950', 'journal-title': 'Quart. F. Mier. Sci'} / Quart. F. Mier. Sci / Review of the methods available for the determination of the types of forces stabilizing structural proteins in animals by Brown (1950)
10.1021/ja01220a011 / F. Amer. Chem. Soc / Elasticity of keratin fibers. II. Influence of temperature by Bull (1945)
10.1002/jmor.1050670309 / F. Morph / The adult musculature of the anisopterous dragonfly thorax (Odonata, Anisoptera) by Clark (1940)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C5', 'first-page': '145', 'article-title': 'Studies on silk proteins. Properties and constitution of fibroin', 'volume': '190', 'author': 'Coleman', 'year': '1947', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Roy. Soc. A'} / Proc. Roy. Soc. A / Studies on silk proteins. Properties and constitution of fibroin by Coleman (1947)
10.1038/179674a0 / Nature, Lond / Anisotropic structures in human elastin by Cruise (1957)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C7', 'first-page': '126', 'article-title': 'The cuticle of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The appearance of histological structure of the cuticle of the dorsal surface of the abdomen', 'volume': '143', 'author': 'Dennell', 'year': '1954', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Roy. Soc. B'} / Proc. Roy. Soc. B / The cuticle of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The appearance of histological structure of the cuticle of the dorsal surface of the abdomen by Dennell (1954)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C8', 'volume-title': 'The Chemistry of Tanning Processes', 'author': 'Gustavson', 'year': '1956'} / The Chemistry of Tanning Processes by Gustavson (1956)
10.1038/170264a0 / Nature, Lond / Structure of elastic tissue by Hall (1952)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C10', 'article-title': 'Biology and physics of locust flight. Part V', 'volume-title': 'Strength and elasticity of locust cuticle. (In preparation', 'author': 'Jensen', 'year': '1961'} / Strength and elasticity of locust cuticle. (In preparation / Biology and physics of locust flight. Part V by Jensen (1961)
10.1038/166267a0 / Nature, Lond / Polyvinylphosphate contractile systems by Katchalsky (1950)
10.1016/B978-0-12-395721-4.50009-3 / The Proteins / Structure proteins. I by Kendrew (1954)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C13', 'first-page': '271', 'article-title': 'Morfología funzionale dell’articolazione alare degli Ortotteri', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'La Greca', 'year': '1947', 'journal-title': 'Archiv. zool. Ital'} / Archiv. zool. Ital / Morfología funzionale dell’articolazione alare degli Ortotteri by La Greca (1947)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C14', 'first-page': '24', 'article-title': 'The rubber-like condition of the fibres of animal skin', 'volume': '1946', 'author': 'Lloyd', 'year': '1946', 'journal-title': 'Fibrous proteins. The Soc. Dyers & Colourists Symp'} / Fibrous proteins. The Soc. Dyers & Colourists Symp / The rubber-like condition of the fibres of animal skin by Lloyd (1946)
10.1039/tf9484400441 / Trans. Farad. Soc / A contribution to the theory of the structure of protein fibres with special reference to the so-called thermal shrinkage of the collagen fibre by Lloyd (1948)
10.1038/182182b0 / Nature, Lond / A yellow fluorescent pigment in elastin by Loomeijer (1958)
10.1113/expphysiol.1913.sp000154 / Quart, J. Exp. Physiol / Heat contraction of elastic tissue by Mccartney (1914)
10.1007/BF01767615 / Archiv. ges. Physiol / Die elastischen Eigenschaften der elastischen und der kollagenen Fasem und ihre molekulare Deutung by Meyer (1936)
10.1084/jem.95.3.285 / J. Exp. Med / A study of fixation for electron microscopy by Palade (1952)
10.1042/bj0610021 / Biochem. J / The chemistry of connective tissues. 3. Composition of the soluble proteins derived from elastin by Partridge (1955)
10.1042/bj0610011 / Biochem. J / The chemistry of connective tissues. 2. Soluble proteins derived from partial hydrolysis of elastin by Partridge (1955)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C22', 'volume-title': 'Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied', 'author': 'Pearse', 'year': '1960', 'edition': '2nd'} / Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied by Pearse (1960)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C23', 'volume-title': 'The Integument of Arthropods', 'author': 'Richards', 'year': '1951'} / The Integument of Arthropods by Richards (1951)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C24', 'first-page': '671', 'article-title': 'Behaviour of reticular tissue of animal skin', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'Roddy', 'year': '1939', 'journal-title': 'J. Amer. Leather Chem. Ass'} / J. Amer. Leather Chem. Ass / Behaviour of reticular tissue of animal skin by Roddy (1939)
10.1038/182929a0 / Nature, Lond / Submicroscopic structure of elastic fibres as observed in the polarizing microscope by Romhányi (1958)
10.1016/B978-1-4831-6744-2.50014-X / Cells and Tissues / Electron microscopy of cells and tissues. Physical Techniques in Biological Research. III by Sjöstrand (1956)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C27', 'first-page': '217', 'article-title': 'The biosynthesis of some connective tissue components', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Smith', 'year': '1957', 'journal-title': 'Progr. Biophys'} / Progr. Biophys / The biosynthesis of some connective tissue components by Smith (1957)
10.1021/ja01108a529 / F. Amer. Chem. Soc / Synthesis of a reversibly contractile amphoteric polypeptide by Tani (1953)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C29', 'volume-title': 'The Physics of Rubber Elasticity', 'author': 'Treloar', 'year': '1958', 'edition': '2nd'} / The Physics of Rubber Elasticity by Treloar (1958)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C30', 'first-page': '393', 'article-title': 'Elasticity in arthropod locomotion: a neglected subject, illustrated by the wing system of insects', 'volume': '1958', 'author': 'Weis-Fogh', 'year': '1959', 'journal-title': 'Proc. XVth Internat. Congr. Zool'} / Proc. XVth Internat. Congr. Zool / Elasticity in arthropod locomotion: a neglected subject, illustrated by the wing system of insects by Weis-Fogh (1959)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C31', 'volume-title': 'Resilin as a true protein rubber. (In preparation', 'author': 'Weis-Fogh', 'year': '1961'} / Resilin as a true protein rubber. (In preparation by Weis-Fogh (1961)
{'key': '2023092719525481500_JEXBIO_37_4_889C32', 'first-page': '89', 'article-title': 'The haemocyte and connective tissue formation in an insect, Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera)', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Wigglesworth', 'year': '1956', 'journal-title': 'Quart. F. Mier. Sci'} / Quart. F. Mier. Sci / The haemocyte and connective tissue formation in an insect, Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera) by Wigglesworth (1956)
10.1016/0006-3002(54)90032-3 / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / Some tensile properties of elastic tissue by Wood (1954)
10.1007/BF01525811 / Kolloid Z / Thermodynamische Analyse der Dehnung des elastischen Gewebes vom Standpunkt der statisch-kinetischen Théorie der Kautschukelastizität by WÖhlisch (1943)

Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2021, 5:42 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 27, 2023, 4:14 p.m.)
Indexed	22 hours, 5 minutes ago (Aug. 30, 2025, 12:41 p.m.)
Issued	64 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1960)
Published	64 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1960)
Published Online	64 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1960)
Published Print	64 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1960)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Weis_Fogh_1960, title={A Rubber-Like Protein in Insect Cuticle}, volume={37}, ISSN={1477-9145}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.37.4.889}, DOI={10.1242/jeb.37.4.889}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Experimental Biology}, publisher={The Company of Biologists}, author={Weis-Fogh, Torkel}, year={1960}, month=dec, pages={889–907} }

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