DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109. Connexin-specific distribution within gap junctions revealed in living cells

Connexin-specific distribution within gap junctions revealed in living cells

10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109

Crossref journal-article

The Company of Biologists

Journal of Cell Science (237)

Abstract

ABSTRACT To study the organization of gap junctions in living cells, the connexin isotypes α1(Cx43), β1(Cx32) and β2(Cx26) were tagged with the autofluorescent tracer green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its cyan (CFP) and yellow (YFP) color variants. The cellular fate of the tagged connexins was followed by high-resolution fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and time-lapse imaging. Comprehensive analyses demonstrated that the tagged channels were functional as monitored by dye transfer, even under conditions where the channels were assembled solely from tagged connexins. High-resolution images revealed a detailed structural organization, and volume reconstructions provided a three-dimensional view of entire gap junction plaques. Specifically, deconvolved dual-color images of gap junction plaques assembled from CFP- and YFP-tagged connexins revealed that different connexin isotypes gathered within the same plaques. Connexins either codistributed homogeneously throughout the plaque, or each connexin isotype segregated into well-separated domains. The studies demonstrate that the mode of channel distribution strictly depends on the connexin isotypes. Based on previous studies on the synthesis and assembly of connexins I suggest that channel distribution is regulated by intrinsic connexin isotype specific signals. Movies available on-line: http://www.biologists.com/JCS/movies/jcs1735.html, Movie 2, Movie 3, Movie 4, Movie 5

Bibliography

Falk, M. M. (2000). Connexin-specific distribution within gap junctions revealed in living cells. Journal of Cell Science, 113(22), 4109â4120.

Authors 1

Matthias M. Falk (first)

References 54 Referenced 100

10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60986-3 / Meth. Cell Biol / Fluorescence microscopy in 3 dimensions by Agard (1989)
10.1073/pnas.73.12.4594 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Lateral motion of fluorescently labeled acetylcholine receptors in membranes of developing muscle fibers by Axelrod (1976)
10.1074/jbc.273.5.2808 / J. Biol. Chem / Isoform composition of connexin channels determines selectivity among second messengers and uncharged molecules by Bevans (1998)
10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.C1386 / Am. J. Physiol / Evidence for heteromeric gap junction channels formed from rat connexin43 and human connexin37 by Brink (1997)
10.1002/bies.950180906 / BioEssays / The cellular Internet: on-line with connexins by Bruzzone (1996)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0001q.x / Eur. J. Biochem / Connections with connexins: the molecular basis of direct intercellular signaling by Bruzzone (1996)
10.1073/pnas.050588497 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA / Clustering of connexin 43-enhanced green fluorescent protein gap junction channels and functional coupling in living cells by Bukauskas (2000)
10.1083/jcb.105.4.1679 / J. Cell Biol / Electron microscopic observations of reconstituted proteoliposomes with the purified major intrinsic membrane protein of eye lens fibers by Dunia (1987)
{'key': '2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C9', 'first-page': '404', 'article-title': 'Biophysical char-acterization of gap junction channels in HeLa cells', 'volume': '205', 'author': 'Eckert', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Pflügers Archiv'} / Pflügers Archiv / Biophysical char-acterization of gap junction channels in HeLa cells by Eckert (1993)
10.1083/jcb.129.3.805 / J. Cell Biol / Specific permeability and selective formation of gap junction channels in connexin-transfected HeLa cells by Elfgang (1995)
10.1006/meth.1999.0934 / Methods / Cell-free synthesis for analyzing the membrane integration, oligomerization and assembly characteristics of gap junction connexins by Falk (2000)
10.1078/0171-9335-00080 / Eur. J. Cell Biol / Biosynthesis and structural composition of gap junction intercellular membrane channels by Falk (2000)
10.1093/emboj/16.10.2703 / EMBO J / Cell-free synthesis of connexins into functional gap junction membrane channels by Falk (1997)
{'key': '2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C14', 'first-page': '135', 'article-title': 'Cell-free expression of functional gap junction channels', 'volume-title': 'In Gap Junctions', 'author': 'Falk', 'year': '1998'} / In Gap Junctions / Cell-free expression of functional gap junction channels by Falk (1998)
10.1074/jbc.273.14.7856 / J. Biol. Chem / Connexin membrane protein biosynthesis is influenced by polypeptide positioning within the translocon and signal peptidase access by Falk (1998)
10.1083/jcb.127.2.343 / J. Cell Biol / Membrane insertion of gap junction connexins: polytopic channel forming membrane proteins by Falk (1994)
{'key': '2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C17', 'article-title': 'High resolution, fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and tagging with the autofluorescent tracers CFP, GFP, and YFP to study the structure and function of gap junctions in living cells', 'volume-title': 'Microsc. Res. Tech', 'author': 'Falk', 'year': '2000'} / Microsc. Res. Tech / High resolution, fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and tagging with the autofluorescent tracers CFP, GFP, and YFP to study the structure and function of gap junctions in living cells by Falk (2000)
10.1083/jcb.53.3.758 / J. Cell Biol / Variations in tight and gap junctions in mammalian tissues by Friend (1972)
10.1074/jbc.274.13.8678 / J. Biol. Chem / Intracellular trafficking pathways in the assembly of connexins into gap junctions by George (1999)
10.1016/S0304-4157(98)00022-7 / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / Theoretical analysis of protein organization in lipid membranes by Gil (1998)
10.1038/235262a0 / Nature / Metabolic coupling, ionic coupling and cell contacts by Gilula (1972)
10.1016/0012-1606(79)90247-1 / Dev. Biol / Modulation of cell junctions during differentiation of the chicken otocyst sensory epithelium by Ginzberg (1979)
10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.002355 / Annu. Rev. Biochem / Connexins, connexons, and intercellular communication by Goodenough (1996)
10.1073/pnas.96.11.6495 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Formation of heteromeric gap junction channels by connexins 40 and 43 in vascular smooth muscle cells by He (1999)
10.1016/S0171-9335(99)80087-9 / Eur. J. Cell Biol / Dynamics of gap junctions observed in living cells with connexin43-GFP chimeric protein by Holm (1999)
10.1006/excr.1997.3568 / Exp. Cell Res / Dispersed and aggregated gap junction channels identified by immunogold labeling of freeze-fractured membranes by Hülser (1997)
10.1073/pnas.93.3.1287 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Heteromeric connexons in lens gap junction channels by Jiang (1996)
10.1091/mbc.10.6.2033 / Mol. Biol. Cell / Trafficking, assembly, and function of a connexin43-green fluorescent protein chimera in live mammalian cells by Jordan (1999)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81282-9 / Cell / The gap junction communication channel by Kumar (1996)
10.1042/bj2730067 / Biochem. J / Turnover and phosphorylation dynamics of connexin 43 gap junction protein in cultured cardiac myocytes by Laird (1991)
10.1083/jcb.131.5.1193 / J. Cell Biol / Gap junction turnover, intracellular trafficking, and phosphorylation of connexin43 in brefeldin A-treated rat mammary tumor cells by Laird (1995)
10.1083/jcb.83.3.576 / J. Cell Biol / Evidence for the participation of actin microfilaments and bristle coats in the internalization of gap junction membrane by Larsen (1979)
10.1083/jcb.74.2.629 / J. Cell Biol / Gap junction structures by Makowski (1977)
10.1161/01.RES.56.2.195 / Circ. Res / Fate of intercellular junctions in isolated adult rat cardiac cells by Mazet (1985)
10.1083/jcb.47.3.666 / J. Cell Biol / The ultrastructure of the nexus. A correlated thin-section and freeze-cleavage study by McNutt (1970)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03159.x / EMBO J / Topology of the 32-kD liver gap junction protein determined by site-directed antibody localizations by Milks (1988)
10.1038/nbt1097-961 / Nat. Biotech / Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology by Misteli (1997)
10.1083/jcb.115.5.1357 / J. Cell Biol / Biochemical analysis of connexin43 intracellular transport, phosphorylation, and assembly into gap junction plaques by Musil (1991)
10.1126/science.273.5280.1392 / Science / Crystal structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein by Ormö (1996)
10.1083/jcb.97.2.489 / J. Cell Biol / Cytoskeletal organization of the presynaptic nerve terminal and the acetylcholine receptor cluster in cell cultures by Peng (1983)
10.1016/0014-4827(74)90670-3 / Exp. Cell Res / Rectangular arrays of particles on freeze-cleaved plasma membrane are not gap junctions by Rash (1974)
10.1083/jcb.33.3.C7 / J. Cell Biol / Hexagonal array of subunits in intracellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver by Revel (1967)
10.1006/dbio.1994.1190 / Dev. Biol / Developmental regulation and structural organization of connexins in epidermal gap junctions by Risek (1994)
10.1161/01.RES.65.1.22 / Circ. Res / Fate of gap junctions in isolated adult mammalian cardiomyocytes by Severs (1989)
{'key': '2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C45', 'first-page': '206', 'article-title': 'Computational deblurring of fluorescence microscope images', 'volume-title': 'In Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook', 'author': 'Shaw', 'year': '1998'} / In Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook / Computational deblurring of fluorescence microscope images by Shaw (1998)
10.1073/pnas.92.20.9210 / Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA / Mixing of connexins in gap junction membrane channels by Sosinsky (1995)
10.1007/BF02110106 / J. Bioenerg. Biomembr / Molecular organization of gap junction membrane channels by Sosinsky (1996)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82720-X / J. Biol. Chem / The gap junction proteins β1-connexin (connexin-32) and β2-connexin (connexin-26) can form heteromeric hemichannels by Stauffer (1995)
10.1083/jcb.130.2.419 / J. Cell Biol / Expression of a connexin 43/beta-galactosidase fusion protein inhibits gap junctional communication in NIH3T3 cells by Sullivan (1995)
10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01578-0 / Trends Cell Biol / Occludin and claudins in tight-junction strands: leading or supporting players? by Tsukita (1999)
10.1083/jcb.149.1.13 / J. Cell Biol / Pores in the wall. Claudins constitute tight junction strands containing aqueous pores by Tsukita (2000)
10.1126/science.283.5405.1176 / Science / Three-dimensional structure of a recombinant gap junction membrane channel by Unger (1999)
10.1074/jbc.271.9.4577 / J. Biol. Chem / The mercurial insensitive water channel (AQP-4) forms orthogonal arrays in stably transfected chinese hamster ovary cells by Yang (1996)
10.1016/S0959-440X(98)80131-0 / Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol / Synthesis, assembly and structure of gap junction intercellular channels by Yeager (1998)

Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2021, 2:30 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 5 months ago (March 26, 2024, 9:31 p.m.)
Indexed	3 months, 1 week ago (May 22, 2025, 12:17 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 15, 2000)
Published	24 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 15, 2000)
Published Online	24 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 15, 2000)
Published Print	24 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 15, 2000)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Falk_2000, title={Connexin-specific distribution within gap junctions revealed in living cells}, volume={113}, ISSN={1477-9137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109}, DOI={10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109}, number={22}, journal={Journal of Cell Science}, publisher={The Company of Biologists}, author={Falk, Matthias M.}, year={2000}, month=nov, pages={4109–4120} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        5,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-05-22T04:17:58Z",
    "timestamp": 1747887478738
  },
  "reference-count": 54,
  "publisher": "The Company of Biologists",
  "issue": "22",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2000,
            11,
            15
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2000-11-15T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 974246400000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        11,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To study the organization of gap junctions in living cells, the connexin isotypes \u03b11(Cx43), \u03b21(Cx32) and \u03b22(Cx26) were tagged with the autofluorescent tracer green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its cyan (CFP) and yellow (YFP) color variants. The cellular fate of the tagged connexins was followed by high-resolution fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and time-lapse imaging. Comprehensive analyses demonstrated that the tagged channels were functional as monitored by dye transfer, even under conditions where the channels were assembled solely from tagged connexins. High-resolution images revealed a detailed structural organization, and volume reconstructions provided a three-dimensional view of entire gap junction plaques. Specifically, deconvolved dual-color images of gap junction plaques assembled from CFP- and YFP-tagged connexins revealed that different connexin isotypes gathered within the same plaques. Connexins either codistributed homogeneously throughout the plaque, or each connexin isotype segregated into well-separated domains. The studies demonstrate that the mode of channel distribution strictly depends on the connexin isotypes. Based on previous studies on the synthesis and assembly of connexins I suggest that channel distribution is regulated by intrinsic connexin isotype specific signals.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Movies available on-line: http://www.biologists.com/JCS/movies/jcs1735.html, Movie 2, Movie 3, Movie 4, Movie 5</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        4,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-04-25T18:30:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1619375416000
  },
  "page": "4109-4120",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 100,
  "title": "Connexin-specific distribution within gap junctions revealed in living cells",
  "prefix": "10.1242",
  "volume": "113",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Matthias M.",
      "family": "Falk",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "237",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        11,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "353",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60986-3",
      "article-title": "Fluorescence microscopy in 3 dimensions",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "Agard",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Meth. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4594",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.73.12.4594",
      "article-title": "Lateral motion of fluorescently labeled acetylcholine receptors in membranes of developing muscle fibers",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Axelrod",
      "year": "1976",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2808",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.5.2808",
      "article-title": "Isoform composition of connexin channels determines selectivity among second messengers and uncharged molecules",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Bevans",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "C1386",
      "DOI": "10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.C1386",
      "article-title": "Evidence for heteromeric gap junction channels formed from rat connexin43 and human connexin37",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Brink",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Am. J. Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "709",
      "DOI": "10.1002/bies.950180906",
      "article-title": "The cellular Internet: on-line with connexins",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Bruzzone",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "BioEssays"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0001q.x",
      "article-title": "Connections with connexins: the molecular basis of direct intercellular signaling",
      "volume": "238",
      "author": "Bruzzone",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2556",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.050588497",
      "article-title": "Clustering of connexin 43-enhanced green fluorescent protein gap junction channels and functional coupling in living cells",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Bukauskas",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1679",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.105.4.1679",
      "article-title": "Electron microscopic observations of reconstituted proteoliposomes with the purified major intrinsic membrane protein of eye lens fibers",
      "volume": "105",
      "author": "Dunia",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C9",
      "first-page": "404",
      "article-title": "Biophysical char-acterization of gap junction channels in HeLa cells",
      "volume": "205",
      "author": "Eckert",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "805",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.129.3.805",
      "article-title": "Specific permeability and selective formation of gap junction channels in connexin-transfected HeLa cells",
      "volume": "129",
      "author": "Elfgang",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "165",
      "DOI": "10.1006/meth.1999.0934",
      "article-title": "Cell-free synthesis for analyzing the membrane integration, oligomerization and assembly characteristics of gap junction connexins",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Methods"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "564",
      "DOI": "10.1078/0171-9335-00080",
      "article-title": "Biosynthesis and structural composition of gap junction intercellular membrane channels",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2703",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/16.10.2703",
      "article-title": "Cell-free synthesis of connexins into functional gap junction membrane channels",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C14",
      "first-page": "135",
      "article-title": "Cell-free expression of functional gap junction channels",
      "volume-title": "In Gap Junctions",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "1998"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "7856",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.14.7856",
      "article-title": "Connexin membrane protein biosynthesis is influenced by polypeptide positioning within the translocon and signal peptidase access",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "343",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.127.2.343",
      "article-title": "Membrane insertion of gap junction connexins: polytopic channel forming membrane proteins",
      "volume": "127",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C17",
      "article-title": "High resolution, fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and tagging with the autofluorescent tracers CFP, GFP, and YFP to study the structure and function of gap junctions in living cells",
      "volume-title": "Microsc. Res. Tech",
      "author": "Falk",
      "year": "2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "758",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.53.3.758",
      "article-title": "Variations in tight and gap junctions in mammalian tissues",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "Friend",
      "year": "1972",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "8678",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.13.8678",
      "article-title": "Intracellular trafficking pathways in the assembly of connexins into gap junctions",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "George",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "245",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0304-4157(98)00022-7",
      "article-title": "Theoretical analysis of protein organization in lipid membranes",
      "volume": "1376",
      "author": "Gil",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Biochim. Biophys. Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "262",
      "DOI": "10.1038/235262a0",
      "article-title": "Metabolic coupling, ionic coupling and cell contacts",
      "volume": "235",
      "author": "Gilula",
      "year": "1972",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "110",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(79)90247-1",
      "article-title": "Modulation of cell junctions during differentiation of the chicken otocyst sensory epithelium",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Ginzberg",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "475",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.002355",
      "article-title": "Connexins, connexons, and intercellular communication",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "Goodenough",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Biochem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "6495",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.11.6495",
      "article-title": "Formation of heteromeric gap junction channels by connexins 40 and 43 in vascular smooth muscle cells",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "He",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "856",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0171-9335(99)80087-9",
      "article-title": "Dynamics of gap junctions observed in living cells with connexin43-GFP chimeric protein",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "Holm",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "240",
      "DOI": "10.1006/excr.1997.3568",
      "article-title": "Dispersed and aggregated gap junction channels identified by immunogold labeling of freeze-fractured membranes",
      "volume": "233",
      "author": "H\u00fclser",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Exp. Cell Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1287",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.3.1287",
      "article-title": "Heteromeric connexons in lens gap junction channels",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Jiang",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2033",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.10.6.2033",
      "article-title": "Trafficking, assembly, and function of a connexin43-green fluorescent protein chimera in live mammalian cells",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Jordan",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "381",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81282-9",
      "article-title": "The gap junction communication channel",
      "volume": "84",
      "author": "Kumar",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "67",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj2730067",
      "article-title": "Turnover and phosphorylation dynamics of connexin 43 gap junction protein in cultured cardiac myocytes",
      "volume": "272",
      "author": "Laird",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Biochem. J"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1193",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.131.5.1193",
      "article-title": "Gap junction turnover, intracellular trafficking, and phosphorylation of connexin43 in brefeldin A-treated rat mammary tumor cells",
      "volume": "131",
      "author": "Laird",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "576",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.83.3.576",
      "article-title": "Evidence for the participation of actin microfilaments and bristle coats in the internalization of gap junction membrane",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "Larsen",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "629",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.74.2.629",
      "article-title": "Gap junction structures",
      "volume": "74",
      "author": "Makowski",
      "year": "1977",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "195",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.RES.56.2.195",
      "article-title": "Fate of intercellular junctions in isolated adult rat cardiac cells",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Mazet",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "Circ. Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "666",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.47.3.666",
      "article-title": "The ultrastructure of the nexus. A correlated thin-section and freeze-cleavage study",
      "volume": "47",
      "author": "McNutt",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2967",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03159.x",
      "article-title": "Topology of the 32-kD liver gap junction protein determined by site-directed antibody localizations",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Milks",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "961",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nbt1097-961",
      "article-title": "Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Misteli",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Biotech"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1357",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.115.5.1357",
      "article-title": "Biochemical analysis of connexin43 intracellular transport, phosphorylation, and assembly into gap junction plaques",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Musil",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1392",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.273.5280.1392",
      "article-title": "Crystal structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Orm\u00f6",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "489",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.97.2.489",
      "article-title": "Cytoskeletal organization of the presynaptic nerve terminal and the acetylcholine receptor cluster in cell cultures",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Peng",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "187",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4827(74)90670-3",
      "article-title": "Rectangular arrays of particles on freeze-cleaved plasma membrane are not gap junctions",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Rash",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "Exp. Cell Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "C7",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.33.3.C7",
      "article-title": "Hexagonal array of subunits in intracellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "Revel",
      "year": "1967",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "183",
      "DOI": "10.1006/dbio.1994.1190",
      "article-title": "Developmental regulation and structural organization of connexins in epidermal gap junctions",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Risek",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "22",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.RES.65.1.22",
      "article-title": "Fate of gap junctions in isolated adult mammalian cardiomyocytes",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "Severs",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Circ. Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C45",
      "first-page": "206",
      "article-title": "Computational deblurring of fluorescence microscope images",
      "volume-title": "In Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook",
      "author": "Shaw",
      "year": "1998"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "9210",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.20.9210",
      "article-title": "Mixing of connexins in gap junction membrane channels",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Sosinsky",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "297",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02110106",
      "article-title": "Molecular organization of gap junction membrane channels",
      "volume": "28",
      "author": "Sosinsky",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Bioenerg. Biomembr"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "6768",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82720-X",
      "article-title": "The gap junction proteins \u03b21-connexin (connexin-32) and \u03b22-connexin (connexin-26) can form heteromeric hemichannels",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Stauffer",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "419",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.130.2.419",
      "article-title": "Expression of a connexin 43/beta-galactosidase fusion protein inhibits gap junctional communication in NIH3T3 cells",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Sullivan",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "268",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01578-0",
      "article-title": "Occludin and claudins in tight-junction strands: leading or supporting players?",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Tsukita",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Trends Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "13",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.149.1.13",
      "article-title": "Pores in the wall. Claudins constitute tight junction strands containing aqueous pores",
      "volume": "149",
      "author": "Tsukita",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1176",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.283.5405.1176",
      "article-title": "Three-dimensional structure of a recombinant gap junction membrane channel",
      "volume": "283",
      "author": "Unger",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4577",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.9.4577",
      "article-title": "The mercurial insensitive water channel (AQP-4) forms orthogonal arrays in stably transfected chinese hamster ovary cells",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Yang",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024032701310402900_JOCES_113_22_4109C54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "517",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-440X(98)80131-0",
      "article-title": "Synthesis, assembly and structure of gap junction intercellular channels",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Yeager",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Cell Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article-pdf/113/22/4109/3413355/joces_113_22_4109.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article-pdf/113/22/4109/3413355/joces_113_22_4109.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        3,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-03-27T01:31:08Z",
    "timestamp": 1711503068000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/113/22/4109/26364/Connexin-specific-distribution-within-gap"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        11,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 54,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "22",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2000,
          11,
          15
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.22.4109",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0021-9533",
    "1477-9137"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        11,
        15
      ]
    ]
  }
}