DOI: 10.1242/dev.121.7.2155. Induction of dorsal mesoderm by soluble, mature Vg1 protein

Induction of dorsal mesoderm by soluble, mature Vg1 protein

10.1242/dev.121.7.2155

Crossref journal-article

The Company of Biologists

Development (237)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Mesoderm induction during Xenopus development has been extensively studied, and two members of the transforming growth factor-β family, activin βB and Vg1, have emerged as candidates for a natural inducer of dorsal mesoderm. Heretofore, analysis of Vg1 activity has relied on injection of hybrid Vg1 mRNAs, which have not been shown to direct efficient secretion of ligand and, therefore, the mechanism of mesoderm induction by processed Vg1 protein is unclear. This report describes injection of Xenopus oocytes with a chimeric activin-Vg1 mRNA, encoding the pro-region of activin βB fused to the mature region of Vg1, resulting in the processing and secretion of mature Vg1. Treatment of animal pole explants with mature Vg1 protein resulted in differentiation of dorsal, but not ventral, mesodermal tissues and dose-dependent activation of both dorsal and ventrolateral mesodermal markers. At high doses, mature Vg1 induced formation of ‘embryoids’ with a rudimentary axial pattern, head structures including eyes and a functional neuromuscular system. Furthermore, truncated forms of the activin and FGF receptors, which block mesoderm induction in the intact embryo, fully inhibited mature Vg1 activity. To examine the mechanism of inhibition, we have performed receptor-binding assays with radiolabeled Vg1. Finally, follistatin, a specific inhibitor of activin βB which is shown not to block endogenous dorsal mesoderm induction, failed to inhibit Vg1. The results support a role for endogenous Vg1 in dorsal mesoderm induction during Xenopus development.

Bibliography

Kessler, D. S., & Melton, D. A. (1995). Induction of dorsal mesoderm by soluble, mature Vg1 protein. Development, 121(7), 2155â2164.

Authors 2

Daniel S. Kessler (first)
Douglas A. Melton (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2021, 10:23 p.m.)
Deposited	7 months, 1 week ago (Jan. 15, 2025, 9:16 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 2, 2025, 2:48 p.m.)
Issued	30 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1995)
Published	30 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1995)
Published Online	30 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1995)
Published Print	30 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1995)

Funders 0

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BibTeX

@article{Kessler_1995, title={Induction of dorsal mesoderm by soluble, mature Vg1 protein}, volume={121}, ISSN={1477-9129}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.7.2155}, DOI={10.1242/dev.121.7.2155}, number={7}, journal={Development}, publisher={The Company of Biologists}, author={Kessler, Daniel S. and Melton, Douglas A.}, year={1995}, month=jul, pages={2155–2164} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mesoderm induction during Xenopus development has been extensively studied, and two members of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 family, activin \u03b2B and Vg1, have emerged as candidates for a natural inducer of dorsal mesoderm. Heretofore, analysis of Vg1 activity has relied on injection of hybrid Vg1 mRNAs, which have not been shown to direct efficient secretion of ligand and, therefore, the mechanism of mesoderm induction by processed Vg1 protein is unclear. This report describes injection of Xenopus oocytes with a chimeric activin-Vg1 mRNA, encoding the pro-region of activin \u03b2B fused to the mature region of Vg1, resulting in the processing and secretion of mature Vg1. Treatment of animal pole explants with mature Vg1 protein resulted in differentiation of dorsal, but not ventral, mesodermal tissues and dose-dependent activation of both dorsal and ventrolateral mesodermal markers. At high doses, mature Vg1 induced formation of \u2018embryoids\u2019 with a rudimentary axial pattern, head structures including eyes and a functional neuromuscular system. Furthermore, truncated forms of the activin and FGF receptors, which block mesoderm induction in the intact embryo, fully inhibited mature Vg1 activity. To examine the mechanism of inhibition, we have performed receptor-binding assays with radiolabeled Vg1. Finally, follistatin, a specific inhibitor of activin \u03b2B which is shown not to block endogenous dorsal mesoderm induction, failed to inhibit Vg1. The results support a role for endogenous Vg1 in dorsal mesoderm induction during Xenopus development.</jats:p>",
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