DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0012. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator

10.1210/er.2002-0012

Crossref journal-article

The Endocrine Society

Endocrine Reviews (80)

Bibliography

Puigserver, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2003). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Î³ Coactivator 1Î± (PGC-1Î±): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator. Endocrine Reviews, 24(1), 78â90.

Authors 2

Pere Puigserver (first)
Bruce M. Spiegelman (additional)

References 76 Referenced 1,708

10.1038/35007527 / Nature / Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis. by Lowell (2000)
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08325.x / Ann NY Acad Sci / Brown adipose tissue. More than an effector of thermogenesis? by Cannon (1998)
10.1038/281031a0 / Nature / A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. by Rothwell (1979)
10.1038/387090a0 / Nature / Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. by Enerback (1997)
{'issue': 'Suppl 3', 'key': '2019041121390723900_R5', 'first-page': 'S36', 'article-title': 'Signal transduction in brown adipose tissue recruitment: noradrenaline and beyond', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Cannon', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord'} / Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord / Signal transduction in brown adipose tissue recruitment: noradrenaline and beyond by Cannon (1996)
10.1079/PNS19890028 / Proc Nutr Soc / Molecular biology of brown adipose tissue. by Ricquier (1989)
10.1089/thy.1995.5.481 / Thyroid / Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance. by Silva (1995)
10.1038/sj.ijo.0800948 / Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord / Thyroid hormone and other regulators of uncoupling proteins by Reitman (1999)
10.1172/JCI114857 / J Clin Invest / Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. by Zurlo (1990)
10.1016/0026-0495(94)90081-7 / Metabolism / Whole-body energy metabolism and skeletal muscle biochemical characteristics. by Zurlo (1994)
{'key': '2019041121390723900_R11', 'first-page': 'E850', 'article-title': 'Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'volume': '263', 'author': 'Simonsen', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol'} / Am J Physiol / Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue by Simonsen (1992)
10.1038/ng0397-269 / Nat Genet / Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia. by Fleury (1997)
10.2337/diab.46.5.900 / Diabetes / Cloning and characterization of an uncoupling protein homolog: a potential molecular mediator of human thermogenesis. by Gimeno (1997)
10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00384-0 / FEBS Lett / Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression. by Boss (1997)
10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129 / J Biol Chem / Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, beta3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin. by Gong (1997)
10.1006/bbrc.1997.6740 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun / UCP3: an uncoupling protein homologue expressed preferentially and abundantly in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. by Vidal-Puig (1997)
10.1074/jbc.M910179199 / J Biol Chem / Energy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice. by Vidal-Puig (2000)
10.1038/82565 / Nat Genet / Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production. by Arsenijevic (2000)
10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00378-6 / Cell / Uncoupling protein-2 negatively regulates insulin secretion and is a major link between obesity, β cell dysfunction, and type 2 diabetes. by Zhang (2001)
{'key': '2019041121390723900_R20', 'first-page': '497', 'article-title': 'Tissue-specific and beta-adrenergic regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene: control by cis-acting elements in the 5′-flanking region.', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Cassard-Doulcier', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Mol Endocrinol'} / Mol Endocrinol / Tissue-specific and beta-adrenergic regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene: control by cis-acting elements in the 5′-flanking region. by Cassard-Doulcier (1993)
10.1128/MCB.14.1.59 / Mol Cell Biol / An upstream enhancer regulating brown-fat-specific expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene. by Kozak (1994)
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)51087-0 / J Biol Chem / In vitro interactions between nuclear proteins and uncoupling protein gene promoter reveal several putative transactivating factors including Ets1, retinoid X receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, and a CACCC box-binding protein. by Cassard-Doulcier (1994)
10.1074/jbc.M006246200 / J Biol Chem / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activates transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein-1 gene. A link between regulation of the thermogenic and lipid oxidation pathways in the brown fat cell. by Barbera (2001)
10.1128/MCB.16.7.3410 / Mol Cell Biol / Differentiation-dependent expression of the brown adipocyte uncoupling protein gene: regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. by Sears (1996)
10.1016/0006-2952(96)00345-0 / Biochem Pharmacol / Induction of uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue. Synergy between norepinephrine and pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent. by Foellmi-Adams (1996)
10.1074/jbc.271.47.29909 / J Biol Chem / Activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ promotes brown adipocyte differentiation. by Tai (1996)
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80209-9 / Mol Cell / PPAR γ is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development. by Barak (1999)
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80211-7 / Mol Cell / PPAR γ is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. by Rosen (1999)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81410-5 / Cell / A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. by Puigserver (1998)
10.1006/bbrc.1999.1145 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun / Role of the β(3)-adrenergic receptor and/or a putative β(4)-adrenergic receptor on the expression of uncoupling proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1. by Boss (1999)
10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00451-8 / Mol Cell Endocrinol / Rapid in vivo PGC-1 mRNA upregulation in brown adipose tissue of Wistar rats by a β(3)-adrenergic agonist and lack of effect of leptin. by Gomez-Ambrosi (2001)
10.1074/jbc.C100631200 / J Biol Chem / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β), a novel PGC-1-related transcription coactivator associated with host cell factor. by Lin (2002)
10.1093/jn/130.12.3132S / J Nutr / Genetic studies of brown adipocyte induction. by Kozak (2000)
10.1016/0005-2728(90)90266-7 / Biochim Biophys Acta / Thyroid hormone regulation of mitochondrial function. Comments on the mechanism of signal transduction. by Nelson (1990)
10.1101/gad.4.6.1023 / Genes Dev / NRF-1: a trans-activator of nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in animal cells. by Evans (1990)
10.1101/gad.7.3.380 / Genes Dev / Identity of GABP with NRF-2, a multisubunit activator of cytochrome oxidase expression, reveals a cellular role for an ETS domain activator of viral promoters. by Virbasius (1993)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X / Cell / Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1. by Wu (1999)
10.1038/nm1001-1128 / Nat Med / Adipose tissue reduction in mice lacking the translational inhibitor 4E-BP1. by Tsukiyama-Kohara (2001)
10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00474-3 / Cell / FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and diet-induced insulin resistance. by Cederberg (2001)
10.1038/330662a0 / Nature / Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia. by Tracey (1987)
10.1097/00003246-199310001-00002 / Crit Care Med / Tumor necrosis factor: an updated review of its biology by Tracey (1993)
10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80030-1 / Curr Opin Cell Biol / Multiple signals converging on NF-κB. by Mercurio (1999)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1 / Cell / Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. by Davis (2000)
10.1038/35065000 / Nature / Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. by Chang (2001)
10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00390-2 / Mol Cell / Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 MAP kinase activation of PPARγ coactivator-1. by Puigserver (2001)
10.1172/JCI10268 / J Clin Invest / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis by Lehman (2000)
10.1073/pnas.94.12.6438 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / A role for Sp and nuclear receptor transcription factors in a cardiac hypertrophic growth program. by Sack (1997)
10.1128/MCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000 / Mol Cell Biol / The coactivator PGC-1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes. by Vega (2000)
{'key': '2019041121390723900_R49', 'first-page': '1', 'author': 'Randle', 'year': '1994'} by Randle (1994)
10.1073/pnas.061035098 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Restoration of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene expression in muscle cells by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1. by Michael (2001)
10.1038/35093050 / Nature / Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1. by Yoon (2001)
10.1038/35093131 / Nature / CREB regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through the coactivator PGC-1. by Herzig (2001)
10.1172/JCI200112876 / J Clin Invest / The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression. by Nakae (2001)
10.1126/science.292.5522.1728 / Science / Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB β). by Cho (2001)
10.1074/jbc.M201134200 / J Biol Chem / The PGC-1 -related protein PERC is a selective coactivator of estrogen receptor α by Kressler (2002)
10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001 / Mol Cell Biol / Pgc-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells. by Andersson (2001)
10.1038/42750 / Nature / A signature motif in transcriptional co-activators mediates binding to nuclear receptors. by Heery (1997)
10.1128/MCB.19.12.8226 / Mol Cell Biol / Dissection of the LXXLL nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction motif using combinatorial peptide libraries: discovery of peptide antagonists of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. by Chang (1999)
10.1074/jbc.M001364200 / J Biol Chem / Modulation of estrogen receptor-alpha transcriptional activity by the coactivator PGC-1. by Tcherepanova (2000)
10.1074/jbc.M109409200 / J Biol Chem / PGC-1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for the retinoid X receptors by Delerive (2001)
10.1128/MCB.20.7.2411-2422.2000 / Mol Cell Biol / A tissue-specific coactivator of steroid receptors, identified in a functional genetic screen. by Knutti (2000)
10.1101/gad.8.10.1224 / Genes Dev / mPPAR γ 2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer. by Tontonoz (1994)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00188-4 / Cell / Cofactor dynamics and sufficiency in estrogen receptor-regulated transcription. by Shang (2000)
10.1101/gad.12.5.599 / Genes Dev / Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. by Struhl (1998)
10.1101/gad.14.2.121 / Genes Dev / The coregulator exchange in transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors. by Glass (2000)
10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475 / Annu Rev Biochem / Transcriptional coactivator complexes. by Naar (2001)
10.1126/science.286.5443.1368 / Science / Activation of PPARγ coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking. by Puigserver (1999)
10.1101/gad.11.24.3279 / Genes Dev / Transcription units as RNA processing units. by Neugebauer (1997)
10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01125-0 / Trends Biochem Sci / A CTD function linking transcription to splicing. by Corden (1997)
10.1073/pnas.93.14.6975 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II interacts with a novel set of serine/arginine-rich proteins. by Yuryev (1996)
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00031-9 / Mol Cell / Direct coupling of transcription and mRNA processing through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1. by Monsalve (2000)
10.1126/science.281.5382.1505 / Science / CBP: a signal-regulated transcriptional coactivator controlled by nuclear calcium and CaM kinase IV. by Chawla (1998)
10.1128/MCB.20.23.8720-8730.2000 / Mol Cell Biol / 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP induces phosphorylation of two sites in SRC-1 that facilitate ligand-independent activation of the chicken progesterone receptor and are critical for functional cooperation between SRC-1 and CREB binding protein. by Rowan (2000)
10.1073/pnas.171184698 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Regulation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 via MAPK-sensitive interaction with a repressor. by Knutti (2001)
10.1074/jbc.M105945200 / J Biol Chem / p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. A potential role in the cardia metabolic stress response. by Barger (2001)
10.1038/417563a / Nature / The TRAP220 subunit of the TRAP/mediator is required for PPARγ2-stimulated adipogenesis by Ge (2002)

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 14, 2003, 12:45 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2023, 4:31 p.m.)
Indexed	6 hours, 35 minutes ago (Sept. 4, 2025, 9:13 a.m.)
Issued	22 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2003)
Published	22 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2003)
Published Online	8 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 7, 2016)
Published Print	22 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2003)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Puigserver_2003, title={Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator}, volume={24}, ISSN={1945-7189}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2002-0012}, DOI={10.1210/er.2002-0012}, number={1}, journal={Endocrine Reviews}, publisher={The Endocrine Society}, author={Puigserver, Pere and Spiegelman, Bruce M.}, year={2003}, month=feb, pages={78–90} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        4
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-04T13:13:39Z",
    "timestamp": 1756991619622
  },
  "reference-count": 76,
  "publisher": "The Endocrine Society",
  "issue": "1",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        2,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1210/er.2002-0012",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        2,
        14
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-02-14T17:45:21Z",
    "timestamp": 1045244721000
  },
  "page": "78-90",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 1708,
  "title": "Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3 Coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator",
  "prefix": "10.1210",
  "volume": "24",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Pere",
      "family": "Puigserver",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Bruce M.",
      "family": "Spiegelman",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "80",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2016,
        11,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "652",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35007527",
      "article-title": "Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis.",
      "volume": "404",
      "author": "Lowell",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "171",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08325.x",
      "article-title": "Brown adipose tissue. More than an effector of thermogenesis?",
      "volume": "856",
      "author": "Cannon",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Ann NY Acad Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "31",
      "DOI": "10.1038/281031a0",
      "article-title": "A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis.",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "Rothwell",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "90",
      "DOI": "10.1038/387090a0",
      "article-title": "Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese.",
      "volume": "387",
      "author": "Enerback",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "issue": "Suppl 3",
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R5",
      "first-page": "S36",
      "article-title": "Signal transduction in brown adipose tissue recruitment: noradrenaline and beyond",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Cannon",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "183",
      "DOI": "10.1079/PNS19890028",
      "article-title": "Molecular biology of brown adipose tissue.",
      "volume": "48",
      "author": "Ricquier",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Proc Nutr Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "481",
      "DOI": "10.1089/thy.1995.5.481",
      "article-title": "Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance.",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Silva",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Thyroid"
    },
    {
      "issue": "Suppl 6",
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "S56",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.ijo.0800948",
      "article-title": "Thyroid hormone and other regulators of uncoupling proteins",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Reitman",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1423",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI114857",
      "article-title": "Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure.",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Zurlo",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "481",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0026-0495(94)90081-7",
      "article-title": "Whole-body energy metabolism and skeletal muscle biochemical characteristics.",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Zurlo",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Metabolism"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R11",
      "first-page": "E850",
      "article-title": "Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue",
      "volume": "263",
      "author": "Simonsen",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Am J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "269",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ng0397-269",
      "article-title": "Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia.",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Fleury",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nat Genet"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "900",
      "DOI": "10.2337/diab.46.5.900",
      "article-title": "Cloning and characterization of an uncoupling protein homolog: a potential molecular mediator of human thermogenesis.",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "Gimeno",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Diabetes"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "39",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00384-0",
      "article-title": "Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression.",
      "volume": "408",
      "author": "Boss",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "FEBS Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "24129",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129",
      "article-title": "Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, beta3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin.",
      "volume": "272",
      "author": "Gong",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "79",
      "DOI": "10.1006/bbrc.1997.6740",
      "article-title": "UCP3: an uncoupling protein homologue expressed preferentially and abundantly in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.",
      "volume": "235",
      "author": "Vidal-Puig",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16258",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M910179199",
      "article-title": "Energy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice.",
      "volume": "275",
      "author": "Vidal-Puig",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "435",
      "DOI": "10.1038/82565",
      "article-title": "Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production.",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Arsenijevic",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nat Genet"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "745",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00378-6",
      "article-title": "Uncoupling protein-2 negatively regulates insulin secretion and is a major link between obesity, \u03b2 cell dysfunction, and type 2 diabetes.",
      "volume": "105",
      "author": "Zhang",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R20",
      "first-page": "497",
      "article-title": "Tissue-specific and beta-adrenergic regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene: control by cis-acting elements in the 5\u2032-flanking region.",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Cassard-Doulcier",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Mol Endocrinol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "59",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.14.1.59",
      "article-title": "An upstream enhancer regulating brown-fat-specific expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene.",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Kozak",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "24335",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)51087-0",
      "article-title": "In vitro interactions between nuclear proteins and uncoupling protein gene promoter reveal several putative transactivating factors including Ets1, retinoid X receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, and a CACCC box-binding protein.",
      "volume": "269",
      "author": "Cassard-Doulcier",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1486",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M006246200",
      "article-title": "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 activates transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein-1 gene. A link between regulation of the thermogenic and lipid oxidation pathways in the brown fat cell.",
      "volume": "276",
      "author": "Barbera",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3410",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.16.7.3410",
      "article-title": "Differentiation-dependent expression of the brown adipocyte uncoupling protein gene: regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3.",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Sears",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "693",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-2952(96)00345-0",
      "article-title": "Induction of uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue. Synergy between norepinephrine and pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent.",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "Foellmi-Adams",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Biochem Pharmacol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "29909",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.47.29909",
      "article-title": "Activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation.",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Tai",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80209-9",
      "article-title": "PPAR \u03b3 is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development.",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Barak",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "611",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80211-7",
      "article-title": "PPAR \u03b3 is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro.",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Rosen",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "829",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81410-5",
      "article-title": "A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis.",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Puigserver",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "870",
      "DOI": "10.1006/bbrc.1999.1145",
      "article-title": "Role of the \u03b2(3)-adrenergic receptor and/or a putative \u03b2(4)-adrenergic receptor on the expression of uncoupling proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1.",
      "volume": "261",
      "author": "Boss",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "85",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00451-8",
      "article-title": "Rapid in vivo PGC-1 mRNA upregulation in brown adipose tissue of Wistar rats by a \u03b2(3)-adrenergic agonist and lack of effect of leptin.",
      "volume": "176",
      "author": "Gomez-Ambrosi",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Endocrinol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1645",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.C100631200",
      "article-title": "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator 1\u03b2 (PGC-1\u03b2), a novel PGC-1-related transcription coactivator associated with host cell factor.",
      "volume": "277",
      "author": "Lin",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3132",
      "DOI": "10.1093/jn/130.12.3132S",
      "article-title": "Genetic studies of brown adipocyte induction.",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Kozak",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Nutr"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "275",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2728(90)90266-7",
      "article-title": "Thyroid hormone regulation of mitochondrial function. Comments on the mechanism of signal transduction.",
      "volume": "1018",
      "author": "Nelson",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Biochim Biophys Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1023",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.4.6.1023",
      "article-title": "NRF-1: a trans-activator of nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in animal cells.",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Evans",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "380",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.7.3.380",
      "article-title": "Identity of GABP with NRF-2, a multisubunit activator of cytochrome oxidase expression, reveals a cellular role for an ETS domain activator of viral promoters.",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Virbasius",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "115",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Wu",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1128",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nm1001-1128",
      "article-title": "Adipose tissue reduction in mice lacking the translational inhibitor 4E-BP1.",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Tsukiyama-Kohara",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "563",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00474-3",
      "article-title": "FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and diet-induced insulin resistance.",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Cederberg",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "662",
      "DOI": "10.1038/330662a0",
      "article-title": "Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia.",
      "volume": "330",
      "author": "Tracey",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "S415",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00003246-199310001-00002",
      "article-title": "Tumor necrosis factor: an updated review of its biology",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Tracey",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "226",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80030-1",
      "article-title": "Multiple signals converging on NF-\u03baB.",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Mercurio",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1",
      "article-title": "Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases.",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Davis",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "37",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35065000",
      "article-title": "Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades.",
      "volume": "410",
      "author": "Chang",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "971",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00390-2",
      "article-title": "Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 MAP kinase activation of PPAR\u03b3 coactivator-1.",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Puigserver",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "847",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI10268",
      "article-title": "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Lehman",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6438",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.12.6438",
      "article-title": "A role for Sp and nuclear receptor transcription factors in a cardiac hypertrophic growth program.",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Sack",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1868",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000",
      "article-title": "The coactivator PGC-1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes.",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Vega",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R49",
      "first-page": "1",
      "author": "Randle",
      "year": "1994"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3820",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.061035098",
      "article-title": "Restoration of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene expression in muscle cells by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Michael",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "131",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35093050",
      "article-title": "Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "413",
      "author": "Yoon",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "179",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35093131",
      "article-title": "CREB regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through the coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "413",
      "author": "Herzig",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1359",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI200112876",
      "article-title": "The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression.",
      "volume": "108",
      "author": "Nakae",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1728",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.292.5522.1728",
      "article-title": "Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB \u03b2).",
      "volume": "292",
      "author": "Cho",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13918",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M201134200",
      "article-title": "The PGC-1 -related protein PERC is a selective coactivator of estrogen receptor \u03b1",
      "volume": "277",
      "author": "Kressler",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3738",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001",
      "article-title": "Pgc-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells.",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Andersson",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "733",
      "DOI": "10.1038/42750",
      "article-title": "A signature motif in transcriptional co-activators mediates binding to nuclear receptors.",
      "volume": "387",
      "author": "Heery",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8226",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.19.12.8226",
      "article-title": "Dissection of the LXXLL nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction motif using combinatorial peptide libraries: discovery of peptide antagonists of estrogen receptors alpha and beta.",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Chang",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16302",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M001364200",
      "article-title": "Modulation of estrogen receptor-alpha transcriptional activity by the coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "275",
      "author": "Tcherepanova",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3913",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M109409200",
      "article-title": "PGC-1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for the retinoid X receptors",
      "volume": "277",
      "author": "Delerive",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2411",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.7.2411-2422.2000",
      "article-title": "A tissue-specific coactivator of steroid receptors, identified in a functional genetic screen.",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Knutti",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1224",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.8.10.1224",
      "article-title": "mPPAR \u03b3 2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer.",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Tontonoz",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "843",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00188-4",
      "article-title": "Cofactor dynamics and sufficiency in estrogen receptor-regulated transcription.",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Shang",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "599",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.12.5.599",
      "article-title": "Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Struhl",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "121",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.2.121",
      "article-title": "The coregulator exchange in transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors.",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Glass",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "475",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475",
      "article-title": "Transcriptional coactivator complexes.",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Naar",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Annu Rev Biochem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1368",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.286.5443.1368",
      "article-title": "Activation of PPAR\u03b3 coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking.",
      "volume": "286",
      "author": "Puigserver",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3279",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.11.24.3279",
      "article-title": "Transcription units as RNA processing units.",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Neugebauer",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "413",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01125-0",
      "article-title": "A CTD function linking transcription to splicing.",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Corden",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6975",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.14.6975",
      "article-title": "The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II interacts with a novel set of serine/arginine-rich proteins.",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Yuryev",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "307",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00031-9",
      "article-title": "Direct coupling of transcription and mRNA processing through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1.",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Monsalve",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1505",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.281.5382.1505",
      "article-title": "CBP: a signal-regulated transcriptional coactivator controlled by nuclear calcium and CaM kinase IV.",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "Chawla",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8720",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.23.8720-8730.2000",
      "article-title": "8-Bromo-cyclic AMP induces phosphorylation of two sites in SRC-1 that facilitate ligand-independent activation of the chicken progesterone receptor and are critical for functional cooperation between SRC-1 and CREB binding protein.",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Rowan",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9713",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.171184698",
      "article-title": "Regulation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 via MAPK-sensitive interaction with a repressor.",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Knutti",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "44495",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M105945200",
      "article-title": "p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1. A potential role in the cardia metabolic stress response.",
      "volume": "276",
      "author": "Barger",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "2019041121390723900_R76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "563",
      "DOI": "10.1038/417563a",
      "article-title": "The TRAP220 subunit of the TRAP/mediator is required for PPAR\u03b32-stimulated adipogenesis",
      "volume": "417",
      "author": "Ge",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Endocrine Reviews",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/24/1/78/8861037/edrv0078.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        4,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-04-25T20:31:07Z",
    "timestamp": 1682454667000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/24/1/78/2424289"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        2,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 76,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-online": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016,
          11,
          7
        ]
      ]
    },
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2003,
          2,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2002-0012",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0163-769X",
    "1945-7189"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        2,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}