Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells
10.1182/blood.v97.3.587
Crossref journal-article
American Society of Hematology
Blood (234)
Abstract

AbstractNucleotides are emerging as an ubiquitous family of extracellular signaling molecules. It has been known for many years that adenosine diphosphate is a potent platelet aggregating factor, but it is now clear that virtually every circulating cell is responsive to nucleotides. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These effects are mediated through a specific class of plasma membrane receptors called purinergic P2 receptors that, according to the molecular structure, are further subdivided into 2 subfamilies: P2Y and P2X. ATP and possibly other nucleotides are released from damaged cells or secreted via nonlytic mechanisms. Thus, during inflammation or vascular damage, nucleotides may provide an important mechanism involved in the activation of leukocytes and platelets. However, the cell physiology of these receptors is still at its dawn, and the precise function of the multiple P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes remains to be understood.

Bibliography

Di Virgilio, F., Chiozzi, P., Ferrari, D., Falzoni, S., Sanz, J. M., Morelli, A., Torboli, M., Bolognesi, G., & Baricordi, O. R. (2001). Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells. Blood, 97(3), 587–600.

Authors 9
  1. Francesco Di Virgilio (first)
  2. Paola Chiozzi (additional)
  3. Davide Ferrari (additional)
  4. Simonetta Falzoni (additional)
  5. Juana M. Sanz (additional)
  6. Anna Morelli (additional)
  7. Maurizia Torboli (additional)
  8. Giorgio Bolognesi (additional)
  9. O. Roberto Baricordi (additional)
References 236 Referenced 579
  1. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B1', 'first-page': '107', 'article-title': 'A basis for distinguishing two types of purinergic receptors.', 'volume-title': 'Cell Membrane Receptors for Drugs and Hormones: A Multidisciplinary Approach.', 'author': 'Burnstock', 'year': '1978'} / Cell Membrane Receptors for Drugs and Hormones: A Multidisciplinary Approach. / A basis for distinguishing two types of purinergic receptors. by Burnstock (1978)
  2. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B2', 'first-page': '413', 'article-title': 'Receptors for purines and pyrimidines.', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'Ralevic', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Rev.'} / Pharmacol Rev. / Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. by Ralevic (1998)
  3. 10.1016/0163-7258(94)00048-4 / Pharmacol Ther. / Purinoceptors: are there families of P2X and P2Y purinoceptors? by Abbracchio (1994)
  4. 10.1042/bj2330309 / Biochem J. / Extracellular ATP: effects, sources and fate. by Gordon (1986)
  5. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701665 / Br J Pharmacol. / Distribution of P2Y receptor subtypes on hematopoietic cells. by Jin (1998)
  6. 10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00125-1 / Neuropharmacology. / The past, present and future of purine nucleotides as signalling molecules. by Burnstock (1997)
  7. 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8267 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Extracellular ATP in T-lymphocyte activation: possible role in effector functions. by Filippini (1990)
  8. 10.1083/jcb.139.2.497 / J Cell Biol. / ATP and gap junction-dependent intercellular calcium signalling in osteoblastic cells. by Jorgensen (1997)
  9. 10.1084/jem.185.3.579 / J Exp Med. / Purinergic modulation of interleukin-1β release from microglial cells stimulated with bacterial endotoxin. by Ferrari (1997)
  10. 10.1073/pnas.95.12.7174 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / A release mechanism for stored ATP in ocular ciliary epithelial cells. by Mitchell (1998)
  11. 10.1073/pnas.95.26.15735 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Connexins regulate calcium signalling by controlling ATP release. by Cotrina (1998)
  12. 10.1083/jcb.143.3.645 / J Cell Biol. / Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ATP release is controlled by a chloride sensor. by Jiang (1998)
  13. 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90323-5 / Anal Biochem. / Determination of ATP and ADP in blood platelets. by Holmsen (1972)
  14. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B14', 'first-page': 'R454', 'article-title': 'Comparative study of platelet dense granule constituents.', 'volume': '243', 'author': 'Meyers', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol.'} / Am J Physiol. / Comparative study of platelet dense granule constituents. by Meyers (1982)
  15. 10.1074/jbc.271.51.33116 / J Biol Chem. / Identification and characterization of CD39 vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase. by Kaczmarek (1996)
  16. 10.1074/jbc.271.17.9898 / J Biol Chem. / CD39 is an ecto-(Ca2+, Mg2+)-apyrase. by Wang (1996)
  17. 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63570-0 / Prog Brain Res. / Ecto-nucleotidases: molecular structures, catalytic properties and functional roles in the nervous system. by Zimmermann (1999)
  18. 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63571-2 / Prog Brain Res. / Immunolocalization of ATP diphosphohydrolase in pig and mouse brains and sensory organs of the mouse. by Beaudoin (1999)
  19. 10.1016/S0165-6147(99)01399-1 / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / Ecto-protein kinases: ecto-domain phosphorylation as a novel target for pharmacological manipulation? by Redegeld (1999)
  20. 10.1165/ajrcmb/4.4.295 / Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. / Signal transduction by P2-purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP. by Dubyak (1991)
  21. 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.3.C577 / Am J Physiol. / Signal transduction via P2-purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP and other nucleotides. by Dubyak (1993)
  22. 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80045-X / Immunol Today. / The P2Z purinoceptor: an intriguing role in immunity, inflammation and cell death. by Di Virgilio (1995)
  23. 10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00169-3 / Gen Pharmacol. / Purines and neutrophil leukocytes. by Fredholm (1997)
  24. 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400341 / Cell Death Differ. / Cytolytic P2X purinoceptors. by Di Virgilio (1998)
  25. 10.1042/bj3360513 / Biochem J. / P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. by Kunapuli (1998)
  26. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B26', 'first-page': '52', 'article-title': 'P2T purinoceptors: ADP receptors on platelets.', 'volume': '198', 'author': 'Hourani', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Ciba Found Symp.'} / Ciba Found Symp. / P2T purinoceptors: ADP receptors on platelets. by Hourani (1996)
  27. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B27', 'volume-title': 'IUPHAR Compendium on Receptor Characterization and Classification. International Union of Pharmacology.', 'year': '1998'} / IUPHAR Compendium on Receptor Characterization and Classification. International Union of Pharmacology. (1998)
  28. 10.1016/0306-3623(85)90001-1 / Gen Pharmacol. / Is there a basis for distinguishing two types of P2-purinoceptor? by Burnstock (1985)
  29. 10.1016/0165-6147(94)90280-1 / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / G protein-coupled receptors for ATP and other nucleotides: a new receptor family. by Barnard (1994)
  30. 10.1016/S0955-0674(96)80023-8 / Curr Opin Cell Biol. / Families of ion channels with two hydrophobic segments. by North (1996)
  31. 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5113 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Expression cloning of an ATP receptor from mouse neuroblastoma cells. by Lustig (1993)
  32. 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81397-I / FEBS Lett. / Cloning and functional expression of a brain G-protein-coupled ATP receptor. by Webb (1993)
  33. 10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00740-6 / Eur J Pharmacol. / Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y4 receptor. by Communi (1996)
  34. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16038.x / Br J Pharmacol. / Cloned and transfected P2Y4 receptors: characterization of suramin and PPADS-insensitive response to UTP. by Charlton (1996)
  35. 10.1074/jbc.270.44.26152 / J Biol Chem. / Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel P2 nucleotide receptor. by Chang (1995)
  36. 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0739 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of the human P2Y6 receptor. by Communi (1996)
  37. 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2018 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Cloning and characterization of a bovine P2Y receptor. by Henderson (1995)
  38. 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0139 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human P2Y1 purinoceptor. by Ayyanathan (1996)
  39. 10.1074/jbc.272.51.31969 / J Biol Chem. / Cloning of a human purinergic P2Y receptor coupled to phospholipase and adenylyl cyclase. by Communi (1997)
  40. 10.1042/bj2870031 / Biochem J. / Stimulation of phosphatidate synthesis in endothelial cells in response to P2-receptor activation. Evidence for phospholipase C and phospholipase D involvement, phosphatidate and diacylglycerol interconversion and the role of protein kinase C. by Purkiss (1992)
  41. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11427.x / Br J Pharmacol. / Suramin: a reversible P2-purinoceptor antagonist in the mouse vas deferens. by Dunn (1988)
  42. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B42', 'first-page': '1323', 'article-title': 'Identification of competitive antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor.', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'Boyer', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Mol Pharmacol.'} / Mol Pharmacol. / Identification of competitive antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor. by Boyer (1996)
  43. 10.1021/jm9905211 / J Med Chem. / Acyclic analogues of deoxyadenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphates as P2Y1 receptor antagonists. by Kim (2000)
  44. 10.1038/371519a0 / Nature. / New structural motif for ligand-gated ion channels defined by an ionotropic ATP receptor. by Brake (1994)
  45. 10.1038/371516a0 / Nature. / A new class of ligand-gated ion channels defined by P2X receptor for extracellular ATP. by Valera (1994)
  46. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb00745.x / Eur J Neurosci. / P2X receptors: an emerging channel family. by Buell (1996)
  47. 10.1007/s002329900298 / J Membr Biol. / Cloned ligand-gated channels activated by extracellular ATP (P2X receptors). by Soto (1997)
  48. 10.1126/science.272.5262.735 / Science. / The cytolytic P2Z receptor for extracellular ATP identified as a P2X receptor (P2X7). by Surprenant (1996)
  49. 10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00140-8 / Neuropharmacology. / Tissue distribution of the P2X7 receptor. by Collo (1997)
  50. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199811/12)45:3/4<207::AID-DDR18>3.0.CO;2-N / Drug Dev Res. / Purinergic P2X7 receptor: a pivotal role in inflammation and immunomodulation. by Di Virgilio (1998)
  51. 10.1038/377432a0 / Nature. / Co-expression of P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits can account for ATP-gated currents in sensory neurons. by Lewis (1995)
  52. 10.1093/emboj/17.11.3016 / EMBO J. / P2X1 and P2X3 form stable trimers: a novel structural motif of ligand-gated ion channels. by Nicke (1998)
  53. 10.1007/978-1-4612-1800-5_2 / Turner JT, Weisman GA, Fedan. JS, eds. The P2 Nucleotide Receptors. / P2X receptors by Evans (1998)
  54. 10.1007/s004410050067 / Cell Tissue Res. / Distribution of P2X receptors in the rat adrenal gland. by Afework (1999)
  55. 10.1182/blood.V92.10.3521 / Blood. / Blockade of human P2X7 receptor function with a monoclonal antibody. by Buell (1998)
  56. 10.1038/377428a0 / Nature. / A P2X purinoceptor expressed by a subset of sensory neurons. by Chen (1995)
  57. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14979.x / Br J Pharmacol. / Contribution of P2-purinoceptors to neurogenic contraction of rat urinary bladder smooth muscle. by Hashimoto (1995)
  58. 10.1038/279541a0 / Nature. / ATP induces nucleotide permeability in rat mast cells. by Cockcroft (1979)
  59. 10.1042/bj1880789 / Biochem J. / The ATP4− receptor of rat mast cells. by Cockcroft (1980)
  60. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61477-2 / J Biol Chem. / Extracellular ATP4− promotes cation fluxes in the J774 mouse macrophage cell line. by Steinberg (1987)
  61. 10.1042/bj2740139 / Biochem J. / Extracellular ATP causes lysis of mouse thymocytes and activates a plasma membrane ion channel. by Pizzo (1991)
  62. 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5482 / J Biol Chem. / The permeabilizing ATP receptor, P2X7. Cloning and expression of a human cDNA. by Rassendren (1997)
  63. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17012.x / Br J Pharmacol. / Effects of divalent cations on the potency of ATP and related agonists in the rat isolated vagus nerve: implications for P2 purinoceptor classification. by Trezise (1994)
  64. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53082-9 / J Biol Chem. / Oxidized ATP: an irreversible inhibitor of the macrophage purinergic P2Z receptor. by Murgia (1993)
  65. 10.1016/S0005-2736(97)00082-5 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / Phosphorylation of T-lymphocyte plasma membrane-associated proteins by ectoprotein kinases: implications for a possible role for ectophosphorylation in T-cell effector functions. by Redegeld (1997)
  66. 10.1172/JCI117770 / J Clin Invest. / The purinergic P2Z receptor of human macrophage cells: characterization and possible physiological role. by Falzoni (1995)
  67. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13172.x / Br J Pharmacol. / The P2Z- purinoceptor of human lymphocytes: actions of nucleotide agonists and irreversible inhibition by oxidized ATP. by Wiley (1994)
  68. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B68', 'first-page': 'F962', 'article-title': 'Extracellular ATP causes apoptosis and necrosis of cultured mesangial cells via P2Z/P2X7 receptors.', 'volume': '275', 'author': 'Schulze-Lohoff', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol.'} / Am J Physiol. / Extracellular ATP causes apoptosis and necrosis of cultured mesangial cells via P2Z/P2X7 receptors. by Schulze-Lohoff (1998)
  69. 10.1242/jcs.112.3.297 / J Cell Sci. / Human primary fibroblasts in vitro express a purinergic P2X7 receptor coupled to ion fluxes, microvesicle formation and IL-6 release. by Solini (1999)
  70. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701081 / Br J Pharmacol. / The isoquinoline derivative KN-62: a potent antagonist of the P2Z-receptor of human lymphocytes. by Gargett (1997)
  71. 10.1677/joe.0.1310155 / J Endocrinol. / Purification and characterization of calcium-calmodulin kinase II from human parathyroid glands. by Kato (1991)
  72. 10.1182/blood.V85.11.3173.bloodjournal85113173 / Blood. / Role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis of antigen presenting cells. by Blanchard (1995)
  73. 10.1124/mol.54.1.22 / Mol Pharmacol. / Isoquinolines as antagonists of the P2X7 nucleotide receptor: high selectivity for the human versus rat receptor homologues. by Humphreys (1998)
  74. 10.1124/mol.58.1.82 / Mol Pharmacol. / Brilliant blue G selecticely blocks ATP-gated rat P2X7 receptors. by Jiang (2000)
  75. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47497-2 / J Biol Chem. / ATP4− permeabilizes the plasma membrane of mouse macrophages to fluorescent dyes. by Steinberg (1987)
  76. 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81521-1 / J Biol Chem. / Extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes in J774 macrophages by two distinct mechanisms. by Greenberg (1988)
  77. 10.1083/jcb.138.3.697 / J Cell Biol. / Spontaneous cell fusion in macrophage cultures expressing high levels of the P2Z/P2X7 receptor. by Chiozzi (1997)
  78. 10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00137-8 / Neuropharmacology. / ATP-mediated cytotoxicity in microglial cells. by Ferrari (1997)
  79. 10.1083/jcb.106.3.657 / J Cell Biol. / Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs in macrophages at exceedingly low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. by Di Virgilio (1988)
  80. 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020815 / J Physiol. / ATP-activated inward currents and calcium-permeable channels in rat macrophage plasma membranes. by Naumov (1995)
  81. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15980.x / Br J Pharmacol. / Pyrimidinoceptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. by Lin (1996)
  82. 10.2170/jjphysiol.45.707 / Jpn J Physiol. / Modulation of phagocytosis by P2-purinergic receptors in mouse peritoneal macrophages. by Ichinose (1995)
  83. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35890-3 / J Biol Chem. / A novel pathway for the activation of phospholipase D by P2Z purinergic receptors in BAC1.2F5 macrophages. by el-Moatassim (1992)
  84. 10.1182/blood.V84.8.2452.2452 / Blood. / P2Z adenosine triphosphate receptor activity in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. by Hickman (1994)
  85. 10.4049/jimmunol.159.3.1451 / J Immunol. / Extracellular ATP triggers IL-1β release by activating the purinergic P2Z receptor of human macrophages. by Ferrari (1997)
  86. 10.1172/JCI114064 / J Clin Invest. / Extracellular adenosine triphosphate activates calcium mobilization in human phagocytic leukocytes and neutrophil/monocyte progenitor cells. by Cowen (1989)
  87. 10.1016/S0165-6147(96)01038-3 / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / Towards a revised nomenclature for P1 and P2 receptors. by Fredholm (1997)
  88. 10.4049/jimmunol.157.12.5627 / J Immunol. / Induction of the P2z/P2X7 nucleotide receptor and associated phospholipase D activity by lipopolysaccharide and IFNγ in the human THP-1 monocytic cell line. by Humphreys (1996)
  89. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199611/12)39:3/4<269::AID-DDR6>3.0.CO;2-P / Drug Dev Res. / Expression of multiple ATP receptor subtypes during the differentiation and inflammatory activation of myeloid leukocytes. by Dubyak (1996)
  90. 10.1124/mol.51.1.97 / Mol Pharmacol. / Down-regulation of P2U-purinergic nucleotide receptor messenger RNA expression during in vitro differentiation of human myeloid leukocytes by phorbol esters or inflammatory activators. by Martin (1997)
  91. 10.1084/jem.125.3.457 / J Exp Med. / The regulation of pinocytosis in mouse macrophages, III: the induction of vesicle formation by nucleosides and nucleotides. by Cohn (1967)
  92. 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38740-9 / J Biol Chem. / Extracellular ATP perturbs transmembrane ion fluxes, elevates cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and inhibits phagocytosis in mouse macrophages. by Sung (1985)
  93. 10.1073/pnas.85.21.7988 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Extracellular ATP induces a large nonselective conductance in macrophage plasma membranes. by Buisman (1988)
  94. 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46678-6 / J Biol Chem. / Calcium responses elicited by nucleotides in macrophages. Interaction between two receptor subtypes. by Alonso-Torre (1993)
  95. 10.1042/bj2880897 / Biochem J. / Characterization of the cytotoxic effect of extracellular ATP in J774 mouse macrophages. by Murgia (1992)
  96. 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.970 / J Immunol. / Chemotaxis of rat mast cells toward adenine nucleotides. by McCloskey (1999)
  97. 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00858.x / Immunology. / ATP-induced Ca2+ response mediated by P2U and P2Y purinoceptors in human macrophages: signalling from dying cells to macrophages. by Oshimi (1999)
  98. 10.4049/jimmunol.159.12.6209 / J Immunol. / Extracellular ATP and UTP control the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human macrophages through the opening of a charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ channel. by Schmid-Antomarchi (1997)
  99. 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2265 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Extracellular ATP enhances mRNA levels of nitric oxice synthase and TNFα in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. by Tonetti (1995)
  100. 10.4049/jimmunol.147.7.2181 / J Immunol. / Release of IL-1 from mononuclear phagocytes. by Hogquist (1991)
  101. 10.4049/jimmunol.149.4.1294 / J Immunol. / IL-1β maturation: evidence that mature cytokine formation can be induced specifically by nigericin. by Perregaux (1992)
  102. 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8485 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Interleukin 1 is processed and released during apoptosis. by Hogquist (1991)
  103. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269 / Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. / Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis. by Budihardo (1999)
  104. 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36591-2 / J Biol Chem. / Interleukin-1β maturation and release in response to ATP and nigericin. Evidence that potassium depletion mediated by these agents is a necessary and common feature of their activity. by Perregaux (1994)
  105. 10.4049/jimmunol.156.4.1531 / J Immunol. / Mouse microglial cells express a plasma membrane pore gated by extracellular ATP. by Ferrari (1996)
  106. 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4893 / J Immunol. / Kinetics and mechanism of ATP-dependent IL-1β release from microglial cells. by Sanz (2000)
  107. 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17846 / J Biol Chem. / Increased mature interleukin-1β secretion from THP-1 cells induced by nigericin is a result of activation of p45 IL-1β-converting enzyme processing. by Cheneval (1998)
  108. 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2469 / J Immunol. / Post-translational processing of murine IL-1: evidence that ATP-induced release of IL-1α and IL-1β occurs via a similar mechanism. by Perregaux (1998)
  109. 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90490-5 / Cell. / Mice deficient in IL-1β-convering enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1β and resistant to endotoxic shock. by Li (1995)
  110. 10.1083/jcb.139.7.1635 / J Cell Biol. / Extracellular ATP activates transcription factor NF-κB through the P2Z purinoceptor by selectively targeting NF-κB p65. by Ferrari (1997)
  111. 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6534 / J Immunol. / Plasma membrane potential in thymocyte apoptosis. by Dallaporta (1999)
  112. 10.1074/jbc.274.52.36944 / J Biol Chem. / ATP treatment of human monocytes promotes caspase-1 maturation and externalization. by Laliberte (1999)
  113. 10.1091/mbc.10.5.1463 / Mol Biol Cell. / The secretory route of the leaderless protein interleukin 1β involved exocytosis of the endolysosome-related vesicles. by Andrei (1999)
  114. 10.1016/S0197-0186(98)00025-4 / Neurochem Int. / ATP released by LPS increases nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line via P2Z/P2X7 receptors. by Sperlagh (1998)
  115. 10.1073/pnas.91.13.6017 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Protection of mice from endotoxic death by 2-methylthio-ATP. by Proctor (1994)
  116. 10.1074/jbc.273.42.27170 / J Biol Chem. / Purinergic receptor modulation of lipopolysaccharide signalling and inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in Raw 264.7 macrophages. by Hu (1998)
  117. 10.1074/jbc.271.1.337 / J Biol Chem. / Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by macrophage purinoreceptors and calcium. by Denlinger (1996)
  118. 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2200 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Extracellular ATP potentiates nitric oxide synthase expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. by Tonetti (1994)
  119. 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.558 / J Immunol. / Cutting edge: purinergic signaling regulates radical-mediated bacterial killing mechanisms in macrophages through a P2X7-independent mechanism. by Sikora (1999)
  120. 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01148-1 / Immunol Today. / The biological relevance of polykarions in the immune response. by Fais (1997)
  121. 10.4049/jimmunol.150.7.3002 / J Immunol. / Differential regulation of formation of multinucleated giant cells from concanavalin A–stimulated human blood monocytes by IFN-γ and IL-4. by Takashima (1993)
  122. 10.1002/jlb.66.5.723 / J Leukoc Biol. / ATP receptors and giant cell formation. by Di Virgilio (1999)
  123. 10.1091/mbc.11.9.3169 / Mol Biol Cell. / P2X7 receptor and polykarion formation. by Falzoni (2000)
  124. 10.1084/jem.180.4.1499 / J Exp Med. / Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of infected monocytes is coupled with killing of intracellular bacillus Calmette-Guerin. by Molloy (1994)
  125. 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80364-7 / Immunity. / ATP-induced killing of mycobacteria by human macrophages is mediated by purinergic P2Z/P2X7 receptors. by Lammas (1997)
  126. 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.379 / J Immunol. / ATP-induced killing of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis within human macrophages requires phospholipase D. by Kusner (2000)
  127. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb37666.x / Ann N Y Acad Sci. / Effects of extracellular ATP on mononuclear phagocytes. by Steinberg (1990)
  128. 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00200-6 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / A cation non-selective channel induced by extracellular ATP in macrophages and phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum. by Coutinho-Silva (1996)
  129. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82295-5 / J Biol Chem. / Dissociation of the pore-forming and phospholipase D activities stimulated via P2Z purinergic receptors in BAC1.2F5 macrophages. Product inhibition of phospholipase D enzyme activity. by el-Moatassim (1993)
  130. 10.1002/jlb.64.2.265 / J Leukoc Biol. / Modulation of P2X7 nucleotide receptor expression by pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli in THP-1 monocytes. by Humphreys (1998)
  131. 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0031 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Role of the purinergic P2Z receptor in spontaneous cell death in J774 macrophage cultures. by Chiozzi (1996)
  132. 10.4049/jimmunol.145.5.1545 / J Immunol. / Responses of mouse lymphocytes to extracellular ATP. II. Extracellular ATP causes cell type-dependent lysis and DNA fragmentation. by Zanovello (1990)
  133. 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00270-7 / FEBS Lett. / P2Z purinoceptor ligation induces activation of caspases with distinct roles in apoptotic and necrotic alterations of cell death. by Ferrari (1999)
  134. 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13205 / J Biol Chem. / P2X7/P2Z purinoceptor-mediated activation of transcription factor NFAT in microglial cells. by Ferrari (1999)
  135. 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12261031 / J Invest Dermatol. / Rodent epidermal Langerhans cells demonstrate greater histochemical specificity for ADP than for ATP and AMP. by Chaker (1984)
  136. 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12469769 / J Invest Dermatol. / Epidermal Langerhans cells are resistant to the permeabilizing effects of extracellular ATP: in vitro evidence supporting a protective role of membrane ATPase. by Girolomoni (1993)
  137. 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00293-6 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / Characterization of P2Z purinergic receptors on phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum in culture. by Coutinho-Silva (1996)
  138. 10.1159/000026367 / Neuroimmunomodulation. / Extracellular ATP: a further modulator in neuroendocrine control of the thymus. by Alves (1999)
  139. 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00161-1 / FEBS Lett. / Expression and a role of functionally coupled P2Y receptors in human dendritic cells. by Liu (1999)
  140. 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01197-7 / FEBS Lett. / Human monocyte derived dendritic cells express functional P2X and P2Y receptors as well as ecto-nucleotidases. by Berchtold (1999)
  141. 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1958 / J Immunol. / Mouse dendritic cells express the P2X7 purinergic receptor: characterization and possible participation in antigen presentation. by Mutini (1999)
  142. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B142'}
  143. 10.1182/blood.V96.3.996 / Blood. / Pharmacological properties of P2Z/P2X7 receptor characterized in murine dendritic cells: role on the induction of apoptosis. by Nihei (2000)
  144. 10.1006/cimm.1999.1531 / Cell Immunol. / Extracellular uridine nucleotides initiate cytokine production by murine dendritic cells. by Marriott (1999)
  145. 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.5.C1139 / Am J Physiol. / P2Z/P2X7 receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells. by Coutinho-Silva (1999)
  146. 10.1016/0006-291X(78)91510-3 / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Adenosine and adenine nucleotides are mitogenic for mouse thymocytes. by Gregory (1978)
  147. 10.1016/0008-8749(80)90196-3 / Cell Immunol. / Selective suppression of blastogenesis induced by different mitogens: effect of noncyclic adenosine-containing compounds. by Fishman (1980)
  148. 10.4049/jimmunol.127.5.1834 / J Immunol. / Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-mediated stimulation and suppression of DNA synthesis in lymphoid cells, I: characterization of ATP responsive cells in mouse lymphoid organs. by Ikehara (1981)
  149. 10.4049/jimmunol.132.1.146 / J Immunol. / Inhibition of human natural killer cell reactivity by exogenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate. by Schmidt (1984)
  150. 10.4049/jimmunol.135.5.3403 / J Immunol. / Exogenous ATP enhances calcium influx in intact thymocytes. by Lin (1985)
  151. 10.1016/0167-4889(87)90110-8 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / Extracellular ATP increases cytosolic free calcium in thymocytes and initiates the blastogenesis of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated medullary population. by el-Moatassim (1987)
  152. 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80508-3 / FEBS Lett. / The [Ca2+]i increase induced in murine thymocytes by extracellular ATP does not involve ATP hydrolysis and is not related to phosphoinositide metabolism. by el-Moatassim (1989)
  153. 10.1139/o89-080 / Biochem Cell Biol. / Extracellular ATP induces a non-specific permeability of thymocyte plasma membranes. by el-Moatassim (1989)
  154. 10.1182/blood.V73.5.1316.1316 / Blood. / Extracellular adenosine triphosphate increases cation permeability of chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes. by Wiley (1989)
  155. 10.4049/jimmunol.143.6.1955 / J Immunol. / Responses of mouse lymphocytes to extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity are resistant to the permeabilizing effect of ATP. by Di Virgilio (1989)
  156. 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)40234-2 / J Biol Chem. / Ecto-ATPase activity in cytolytic T lymphocytes. Protection from the cytolytic effects of extracellular ATP. by Filippini (1990)
  157. 10.1016/0167-5699(90)90111-L / Immunol Today. / Extracellular ATP as a possible mediator of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. by Di Virgilio (1990)
  158. 10.4049/jimmunol.146.5.1626 / J Immunol. / ATP-induced activation of human B lymphocytes via P2-purinoceptors. by Padeh (1991)
  159. 10.1006/abbi.1993.1392 / Arch Biochem Biophys. / The ATP4- receptor-operated channel (P2Z class) of human lymphocytes allows Ba2+ and ethidium+ uptake: inhibition of fluxes by suramin. by Wiley (1993)
  160. 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.4.C886 / Am J Physiol. / Responses to extracellular ATP of lymphoblastoid cell lines from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. by Ferrari (1994)
  161. 10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021847 / J Physiol. / Purinoceptor-operated cationic channels in human B-lymphocytes. by Markwardt (1997)
  162. 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.5.C1224 / Am J Physiol. / Partial agonists and antagonists reveal a second permeability state of human lymphocyte P2Z/P2X7 channel. by Wiley (1998)
  163. 10.1182/blood.V87.2.682.bloodjournal872682 / Blood. / An ATP-activated channel is involved in mitogenic stimulation of human T lymphocytes. by Baricordi (1996)
  164. 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80322-2 / Immunity. / The involvement of an ATP-gated ion channel, P2X1, in thymocyte apoptosis. by Chvatchko (1996)
  165. 10.4049/jimmunol.158.11.5095 / J Immunol. / Effects of extracellular ATP and adenosine on different thymocyte subsets. Possible role of ATP-gated channels and G protein-coupled purinergic receptor. by Apasov (1997)
  166. 10.4049/jimmunol.157.4.1371 / J Immunol. / Murine T lymphocytes modulate activity of an ATP-activated P2Z-type purinoceptor during differentiation. by Chused (1996)
  167. 10.1073/pnas.94.3.831 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Transient up-regulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mRNA expression is an immediate early gene response in activated thymocytes. by Koshiba (1997)
  168. 10.1083/jcb.138.5.987 / J Cell Biol. / Dynamics of ATP-induced calcium signalling in single mouse thymocytes. by Ross (1997)
  169. 10.1083/jcb.112.2.279 / J Cell Biol. / Extracellular ATP as a trigger for apoptosis or programmed cell death. by Zheng (1991)
  170. 10.1016/0952-7915(91)90080-K / Curr Opin Immunol. / Cell-mediated cytotoxicity: ATP as an effector and the role of target cells. by Steinberg (1991)
  171. 10.1006/cimm.1994.1190 / Cell Immunol. / Role of extracellular ATP in cell-mediated cytotoxicity: a study with ATP-sensitive and ATP-resistant macrophages. by Zambon (1994)
  172. 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33206 / J Biol Chem. / Increased proliferation rate of lymphoid cells transfected with the P2X7 ATP receptor. by Baricordi (1999)
  173. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199603)166:3<637::AID-JCP19>3.0.CO;2-3 / J Cell Physiol. / Extracellular ATP causes loss of L-selectin from human lymphocytes via occupancy of P2Z purinoceptors. by Jamieson (1996)
  174. 10.1182/blood.V92.3.946 / Blood. / Adenosine triphosphate-induced shedding of CD23 and L-selectin (CD62L) from lymphocytes is mediated by the same receptor but different metalloproteases. by Gu (1998)
  175. 10.1016/0304-4165(76)90130-6 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / Phospholipid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by leukocytes. Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate and ATP. by Tou (1976)
  176. 10.1172/JCI111467 / J Clin Invest. / Effects of neutrophil elastase and other proteases on porcine aortic endothelial prostaglandin I2 production, adenine nucleotide release, and responses to vasoactive agents. by LeRoy (1984)
  177. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B177', 'first-page': '37', 'article-title': 'Platelet enhancement of O2− responses in stimulated human neutrophils. Identification of platelet factor as adenine nucleotides.', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Ward', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Lab Invest.'} / Lab Invest. / Platelet enhancement of O2− responses in stimulated human neutrophils. Identification of platelet factor as adenine nucleotides. by Ward (1988)
  178. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B178', 'first-page': '438', 'article-title': 'Regulatory effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on oxygen radical responses of neutrophils.', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Ward', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Lab Invest.'} / Lab Invest. / Regulatory effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on oxygen radical responses of neutrophils. by Ward (1988)
  179. 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92007-X / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. / Extracellular ATP triggers superoxide production in human neutrophils. by Kuroki (1989)
  180. 10.1016/0167-4889(89)90017-7 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / ATP-induced calcium mobilization in human neutrophils. by Kuroki (1989)
  181. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb37675.x / Ann N Y Acad Sci. / Activation of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C by P2-purinergic receptors in human phagocytic leukocytes: role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. by Dubyak (1990)
  182. 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80184-X / FEBS Lett. / ATP stimulates secretion in human neutrophils and HL60 cells via a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein coupled to phospholipase C. by Cockcroft (1989)
  183. 10.4049/jimmunol.144.2.631 / J Immunol. / Extracellular adenosine nucleotides stimulate protein kinase C activity and human neutrophil activation. by Balazovich (1990)
  184. 10.1016/0167-4889(90)90014-5 / Biochim Biophys Acta. / P2-purinergic receptors activate a guanine nucleotide-dependent phospholipase C in membranes from HL-60 cells. by Cowen (1990)
  185. 10.4049/jimmunol.141.2.580 / J Immunol. / Stimulation of human neutrophil adhesive properties by adenine nucleotides. by Freyer (1988)
  186. 10.1084/jem.185.1.153 / J Exp Med. / Loss of ATP diphosphohydrolase activity with endothelial cell activation. by Robson (1997)
  187. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B187', 'first-page': 'L666', 'article-title': 'Extracellular nucleotides stimulate leukocyte adherence to cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells.', 'volume': '268', 'author': 'Dawicki', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol.'} / Am J Physiol. / Extracellular nucleotides stimulate leukocyte adherence to cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. by Dawicki (1995)
  188. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B188', 'first-page': 'L874', 'article-title': 'Nucleotide-induced PMN adhesion to cultured epithelial cells: possible role of MUC1 mucin.', 'volume': '277', 'author': 'Rounds', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol.'} / Am J Physiol. / Nucleotide-induced PMN adhesion to cultured epithelial cells: possible role of MUC1 mucin. by Rounds (1999)
  189. 10.1007/BF01534273 / Inflammation. / Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents inhibit stimulated neutrophil adhesion to endothelium: adenosine dependent and independent mechanisms. by Cronstein (1994)
  190. 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00102-1 / FEBS Lett. / Involvement of ecto-ATPase and extracellular ATP in polymorphonuclear granulocyte-endithelial interactions. by Sud'ina (1998)
  191. 10.1002/jlb.50.2.109 / J Leukoc Biol. / Chronic treatment with P2-purinergic receptor agonists induces phenotypic modulation of the HL-60 and U937 human myelogenous leukemia cell lines. by Cowen (1991)
  192. 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.3.C973 / Am J Physiol. / Stage-specific expression of P2Y receptors, ecto-apyrase and ecto-5′-nucleotidase in myeloid leukocytes. by Clifford (1997)
  193. 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00123.x / Immunology. / Diadenosine polyphosphates induce intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils via a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein. by Gasmi (1997)
  194. 10.1159/000235327 / Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. / Extracellular ATP stimulates interleukin-dependent cultured mast cell and eosinophils through calcium mobilization. by Saito (1991)
  195. 10.1182/blood.V95.3.973.003k47_973_978 / Blood. / Adenosine triphosphate-induced oxygen radical production and CD11b up-regulation: Ca2+ mobilization and actin reorganization in human neutrophils. by Dichmann (2000)
  196. 10.1038/192531a0 / Nature. / Adenosine diphosphate in red cells as a factor in the adhesiveness of human blood platelets. by Gaarder (1961)
  197. 10.1038/194927b0 / Nature. / Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. by Born (1962)
  198. 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015385 / J Physiol. / Source and concentration of extracellular adenosine triphosphate during haemostasis in rats, rabbits and man. by Born (1984)
  199. 10.1055/s-0038-1657538 / Thromb Haemost. / Activation of ADP receptors and platelet function. by Gachet (1997)
  200. 10.1016/0165-6147(94)90045-0 / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / Receptors for ADP of human blood platelets. by Hourani (1994)
  201. 10.1055/s-0038-1650674 / Thromb Haemost. / ADP receptors on platelets. by Mills (1996)
  202. 10.1055/s-0038-1651037 / Thromb Haemost. / Effect of the concentration of Ca2+ in the suspending medium on the responses of human and rabbit platelets to aggregating agents. by Packham (1989)
  203. 10.1055/s-0038-1661629 / Thromb Haemost. / Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced alpha granules release from platelets of native whole blood is reduced by ticlopidine but not by aspirin or dipyridamole. by Pengo (1986)
  204. 10.1074/jbc.271.6.2879 / J Biol Chem. / Activation of receptor-operated cation channels via P2X1 not P2T purinoceptors in human platelets. by MacKenzie (1996)
  205. 10.1055/s-0038-1665441 / Thromb Haemost. / Presence of P2X1 purinoceptors in human platelets and megakarioblastic cell lines. by Vial (1997)
  206. 10.1074/jbc.273.19.11544 / J Biol Chem. / P2X1 purinoceptor in human platelets. by Sun (1998)
  207. 10.1182/blood.V91.9.3172 / Blood. / The P2X1 receptor, an adenosine triphosphate-gated cation channel, is expressed in human platelets but not in human blood leukocytes. by Clifford (1998)
  208. 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00022-7 / FEBS Lett. / The P2Y1 receptor is an ADP receptor antagonized by ATP and expressed in platelets amd megakarioblastic cells. by Leon (1997)
  209. 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00025-8 / FEBS Lett. / Role of P2Y1 purinoceptor in ADP-induced platelet activation. by Savi (1998)
  210. 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2024 / J Biol Chem. / Molecular basis for ADP-induced platelet activation, I: evidence for three distinct ADP receptors on human platelets. by Daniel (1998)
  211. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702690 / Br J Pharmacol. / Differential effects of adenine nucleotide analogues on shape change and aggregation induced by adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP) in human platelets. by Park (1999)
  212. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B212', 'first-page': '58', 'article-title': 'Pharmacology of the platelet ADP receptors: agonist and antagonist.', 'volume': '85', 'author': 'Hourani', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Haematologica.'} / Haematologica. / Pharmacology of the platelet ADP receptors: agonist and antagonist. by Hourani (2000)
  213. 10.1038/13522 / Nat Med. / Decreased platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time and resistance to thromboembolism in P2Y1-deficient mice. by Fabre (1999)
  214. 10.1038/47495 / Nature. / Reduced vas deferens contraction and male infertility in mice lacking P2X1 receptors. by Mulryan (2000)
  215. 10.1161/01.ATV.19.10.2281 / Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. / ADP receptors and clinical bleeding disorders. by Cattaneo (1999)
  216. 10.1055/s-0037-1614570 / Thromb Haemost. / The P2Y1 receptor is normal in a patient presenting a severe deficiency of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. by Leon (1999)
  217. 10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00151-X / J Auton Nerv Syst. / Platelet P2 receptors: from curiosity to clinical targets. by Cusack (2000)
  218. 10.1055/s-0037-1614459 / Thromb Haemost. / Secreted dense granule adenine nucleotides promote calcium influx and the maintenance of elevated cytosolic calcium levels in stimulated human platelets. by Lages (1999)
  219. 10.1182/blood.V91.1.118 / Blood. / Purine nucleotides induce regulated secretion of von Willebrand factor: involvement of cytosolic Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent signaling in endothelial exocytosis. by Vischer (1998)
  220. 10.1038/12447 / Nat Med. / Targeted disruption of cd39/ATP diphosphohydrolase results in disordered hemostasis and thromboregulation. by Enjyoji (1999)
  221. 10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.4.888 / Am J Physiol. / Influence of external ATP on permeability and metabolism of dog red blood cells. by Parker (1972)
  222. 10.1016/0022-5193(80)90239-8 / J Theor Biol. / A proposal for the role of ecto-enzymes and adenylates in traumatic shock. by Trams (1980)
  223. 10.1093/cvr/26.1.40 / Cardiovasc Res. / Release of ATP from human erythrocytes in response to a brief period of hypoxia and hypercapnia. by Bergfeld (1992)
  224. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B224', 'first-page': '526', 'article-title': 'Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in turkey erythrocytes is regulated by P2Y purinoceptors.', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'Berrie', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Mol Pharmacol.'} / Mol Pharmacol. / Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in turkey erythrocytes is regulated by P2Y purinoceptors. by Berrie (1989)
  225. 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85025-1 / J Biol Chem. / Kinetics of activation of phospholipase C by P2 purinergic agonists and guanine nucleotides. by Boyer (1989)
  226. 10.1016/0165-6147(90)90039-B / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / P2 purinoceptors on vascular endothelial cells: physiological significance and transduction mechanisms. by Boeynaems (1990)
  227. 10.1016/S0165-6147(98)01170-5 / Trends Pharmacol Sci. / The regulation of vascular function by P2 receptors: multiple sites and multiple receptors. by Boarder (1998)
  228. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B228', 'first-page': '194', 'article-title': 'Removal of hematopoietic cells and macrophages from mouse bone marrow cultures: isolation of fibroblast-like stromal cells.', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Modderman', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Exp Hematol.'} / Exp Hematol. / Removal of hematopoietic cells and macrophages from mouse bone marrow cultures: isolation of fibroblast-like stromal cells. by Modderman (1994)
  229. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B229', 'first-page': '92', 'article-title': 'Extracellular adenosine triphosphate: a shock to hemopoietic cells.', 'volume': '313', 'author': 'Nijweide', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Clin Orthop.'} / Clin Orthop. / Extracellular adenosine triphosphate: a shock to hemopoietic cells. by Nijweide (1995)
  230. 10.1038/359241a0 / Nature. / Cell-to-cell calcium signals mediated by ATP receptors in mast cells. by Osipchuk (1992)
  231. 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7844 / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. / Activation of mast cell K+ channels through multiple G protein-linked receptors. by Qian (1993)
  232. 10.1182/blood.V87.7.2659.bloodjournal8772659 / Blood. / P2X1 receptor activation in HL-60 cells. by Buell (1996)
  233. 10.4049/jimmunol.165.8.4615 / J Immunol. / ATP acts as an agonist to promote stimulus-induced secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in human blood. by Perregaux (2000)
  234. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B234'}
  235. 10.4049/jimmunol.165.8.4704 / J Immunol. / Extracellular ATP and TNF-α synergize in the activation of human dendritic cells. by Schnurr (2000)
  236. {'key': '2020021220592994800_B236'}
Dates
Type When
Created 23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 8:46 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 6, 2024, 1:41 a.m.)
Indexed 1 month ago (Aug. 2, 2025, midnight)
Issued 24 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2001)
Published 24 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2001)
Published Print 24 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2001)
Funders 0

None

@article{Di_Virgilio_2001, title={Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells}, volume={97}, ISSN={0006-4971}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.3.587}, DOI={10.1182/blood.v97.3.587}, number={3}, journal={Blood}, publisher={American Society of Hematology}, author={Di Virgilio, Francesco and Chiozzi, Paola and Ferrari, Davide and Falzoni, Simonetta and Sanz, Juana M. and Morelli, Anna and Torboli, Maurizia and Bolognesi, Giorgio and Baricordi, O. Roberto}, year={2001}, month=feb, pages={587–600} }