DOI: 10.1177/002199838401800402. A Study of Statistical Variability in the Strength of Single Aramid Filaments

A Study of Statistical Variability in the Strength of Single Aramid Filaments

10.1177/002199838401800402

Crossref journal-article

SAGE Publications

Journal of Composite Materials (179)

Abstract

Variability in the failure load, tenacity, and linear density of single aramid filaments is studied experimentally. Data indicate that both the failure load and the tenacity of filaments, for a given gauge length and yarn cross section, can be fitted to a two parameter Weibull distribution; however the fit is better for tenacity than for failure load, and the Weibull shape parameter for the former is typically smaller. Within a yam cross section filaments vary significantly in linear density (and diameter), and this variability contributes a component to the variability in failure load, but not to the tenacity. Also, the mean tenacity and the variability in linear density and in failure load may differ greatly from spool to spool. The implications of the variability are discussed in light of the work of Bunsell. The effect of gauge length on the strength distribution of filaments is examined. Weibull statistics are used to separate out this effect. As previously shown for other brittle filaments, the Weibull shape parameter for aramid filaments depends on the gauge length; however values for the shape parameter calculated at a fixed gauge length are substantially lower than those obtained by a procedure based on varying the gauge length. This suggests short range correlations in flaw strengths along a filament.

Bibliography

Wagner, H. D., Phoenix, S. L., & Schwartz, P. (1984). A Study of Statistical Variability in the Strength of Single Aramid Filaments. Journal of Composite Materials, 18(4), 312â338.

Authors 3

H. Daniel Wagner (first)
S. Leigh Phoenix (additional)
Peter Schwartz (additional)

References 24 Referenced 122

{'volume-title': '"Statistics for the Time-Dependent Failure of Kevlar 49/Epoxy Composites: Micromechanical Modeling and Data Interpretation,"', 'year': '1983', 'author': 'Phoenix, S.L.', 'key': 'atypb1'} / "Statistics for the Time-Dependent Failure of Kevlar 49/Epoxy Composites: Micromechanical Modeling and Data Interpretation," by Phoenix, S.L. (1983)
10.1007/BF00540819
{'issue': '1975', 'key': 'atypb3', 'first-page': '191', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Cifieri, A.', 'journal-title': 'Pol. Eng. Sci'} / Pol. Eng. Sci by Cifieri, A.
10.1080/19447027.1926.10599953
10.1115/1.3157595
10.1016/0020-7683(83)90086-0
10.1177/004051758105100605
10.1098/rspa.1945.0011
10.1177/002199836700100305
{'key': 'atypb10', 'volume': '151', 'author': 'Weibull, W.', 'year': '1939', 'journal-title': 'Royal Swedish Acad. of Energy Sciences, N'} / Royal Swedish Acad. of Energy Sciences, N by Weibull, W. (1939)
10.1016/0022-5096(58)90039-5
{'volume-title': 'Methods for Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life Data', 'year': '1974', 'author': 'Mann, N.R.', 'key': 'atypb12'} / Methods for Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life Data by Mann, N.R. (1974)
{'key': 'atypb13', 'first-page': '130', 'volume': '546', 'author': 'Phoenix, S.L.', 'year': '1974', 'journal-title': 'ASTM STP'} / ASTM STP by Phoenix, S.L. (1974)
10.2172/5418989
10.1007/BF00543749
10.1177/002199837701100109
{'key': 'atypb17', 'series-title': 'MSD 83-02', 'volume-title': '"Recursion Formulas and Limit Theorems for the Lifetime Distribution of a Model Fibrous Composite,"', 'author': 'Kuo, C.C.', 'year': '1983'} / "Recursion Formulas and Limit Theorems for the Lifetime Distribution of a Model Fibrous Composite," / MSD 83-02 by Kuo, C.C. (1983)
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1970.tb00821.x / J. Roy. Stat. Soc., Ser by Stephens, M.A. (1970)
{'volume-title': '"Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis,"', 'year': '1980', 'author': 'Lee, E.T.', 'key': 'atypb19'} / "Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis," by Lee, E.T. (1980)
10.1080/00401706.1965.10490300
10.1080/00401706.1969.10490739
10.1016/0015-0568(69)90012-8
{'issue': '327', 'key': 'atypb23', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Kotchick, D.M.', 'year': '1975', 'journal-title': 'J. Comp. Mat'} / J. Comp. Mat by Kotchick, D.M. (1975)
{'key': 'atypb24', 'first-page': '1075', 'volume': '64', 'author': 'Metcalfe, A.G.', 'year': '1964', 'journal-title': 'ASTM Proc'} / ASTM Proc by Metcalfe, A.G. (1964)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 5 months ago (March 11, 2007, 4:28 a.m.)
Deposited	7 months ago (Jan. 28, 2025, 6:54 a.m.)
Indexed	12 hours, 24 minutes ago (Sept. 3, 2025, 6:28 a.m.)
Issued	41 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1984)
Published	41 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1984)
Published Online	41 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1984)
Published Print	41 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1984)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Wagner_1984, title={A Study of Statistical Variability in the Strength of Single Aramid Filaments}, volume={18}, ISSN={1530-793X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199838401800402}, DOI={10.1177/002199838401800402}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Wagner, H. Daniel and Phoenix, S. Leigh and Schwartz, Peter}, year={1984}, month=jul, pages={312–338} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p> Variability in the failure load, tenacity, and linear density of single aramid filaments is studied experimentally. Data indicate that both the failure load and the tenacity of filaments, for a given gauge length and yarn cross section, can be fitted to a two parameter Weibull distribution; however the fit is better for tenacity than for failure load, and the Weibull shape parameter for the former is typically smaller. Within a yam cross section filaments vary significantly in linear density (and diameter), and this variability contributes a component to the variability in failure load, but not to the tenacity. Also, the mean tenacity and the variability in linear density and in failure load may differ greatly from spool to spool. The implications of the variability are discussed in light of the work of Bunsell. </jats:p><jats:p> The effect of gauge length on the strength distribution of filaments is examined. Weibull statistics are used to separate out this effect. As previously shown for other brittle filaments, the Weibull shape parameter for aramid filaments depends on the gauge length; however values for the shape parameter calculated at a fixed gauge length are substantially lower than those obtained by a procedure based on varying the gauge length. This suggests short range correlations in flaw strengths along a filament. </jats:p>",
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