Abstract
▪ Abstract Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses differ in various aspects from the many usually measured B cell responses specific for protein in adjuvants. In particular, such neutralizing antiviral B cell responses are more rapidly induced, reach higher titers, are longer lived, and are efficiently generated without adjuvants. Evidence is summarized here that the repetitiveness of many viral antigens is a key factor responsible for the efficiency of these B cell responses, amplifying B cells early and rapidly for potent IgM responses and also for efficient switching to IgG. The data reviewed indicate that B cells discriminate antigen patterns via the degree of surface Ig-cross-linking and use antigen repetitiveness as a self/nonself discriminator.
References
176
Referenced
399
10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001555
10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60220-5
10.1073/pnas.73.10.3671
10.1101/SQB.1989.054.01.003
10.1126/science.271.5246.173
10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002325
10.1084/jem.175.1.131
10.1126/science.1439825
10.1084/jem.172.1.383
10.1084/jem.183.3.751
10.1016/0167-5699(94)90080-9
10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001203
10.1084/jem.175.4.1091
10.1073/pnas.89.14.6550
10.1038/357080a0
10.1084/jem.179.5.1507
10.1084/jem.178.5.1555
10.1084/jem.180.1.141
10.1084/jem.180.1.157
10.1016/1074-7613(94)90095-7
10.1084/jem.180.5.1889
10.1016/1074-7613(94)90073-6
10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001001
10.1002/eji.1830230528
10.1084/jem.182.4.1101
10.4049/jimmunol.155.8.3830
/ J. Immunol. by Merino R (1995)10.4049/jimmunol.155.7.3329
/ J. Immunol. by Cleary AM (1995)10.1002/eji.1830260325
10.1016/0092-8674(94)90372-7
10.1002/eji.1830260114
10.1073/pnas.92.25.11628
10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.591
{'key': 'b33', 'first-page': '618', 'volume': '378', 'author': 'Creval IS', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}
/ Nature by Creval IS (1995)10.1038/378620a0
10.4049/jimmunol.138.9.2848
/ J. Immunol. by Ron Y (1987)10.4049/jimmunol.138.4.1051
/ J. Immunol. by Janeway CA (1987)10.4049/jimmunol.140.11.3773
/ J. Immunol. by Kurt JE (1988)10.1093/intimm/7.8.1353
10.1084/jem.183.5.2209
10.1002/eji.1830260216
10.1084/jem.179.4.1109
10.1084/jem.182.6.1857
10.1084/jem.180.4.1263
10.1084/jem.178.2.669
10.1002/eji.1830241235
10.1084/jem.183.2.693
10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80435-5
10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80434-3
10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80436-7
10.1002/eji.1830211209
10.1084/jem.173.5.1165
10.1002/eji.1830260226
10.1084/jem.183.5.2259
10.1126/science.8248784
10.4049/jimmunol.153.8.3386
/ J. Immunol. by Bachmann MF (1994)10.1111/j.1600-065X.1992.tb00634.x
10.1084/jem.176.3.679
10.1016/0092-8674(89)90761-7
10.4049/jimmunol.149.8.2533
/ J. Immunol. by Allman DM (1992)10.1084/jem.183.3.979
10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80675-5
10.1038/298377a0
10.1084/jem.178.1.295
10.1084/jem.180.1.329
10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X
10.4049/jimmunol.118.5.1806
/ J. Immunol. by Coffman RL (1977)10.1002/eji.1830060704
10.1016/0167-5699(91)90164-O
10.1084/jem.173.6.1357
10.1084/jem.176.2.427
10.1084/jem.180.4.1383
10.1038/375334a0
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1990.tb00573.x
10.1038/375331a0
10.1084/jem.182.6.1635
10.1126/science.7537388
10.1002/eji.1830260303
{'key': 'b78', 'volume-title': 'The Quality of Antibodies and Cellular Receptors.', 'author': 'Fazekas D', 'year': '1979'}
/ The Quality of Antibodies and Cellular Receptors. by Fazekas D (1979)10.4049/jimmunol.144.7.2795
/ J. Immunol. by Clarke SH (1990)10.1002/eji.1830211107
10.1084/jem.183.1.13
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00507.x
10.1073/pnas.92.5.1257
10.1073/pnas.89.15.7252
10.1126/science.1658936
10.1128/jvi.67.6.3446-3453.1993
/ J. Virol. by Tyler KL (1993)10.1128/jvi.65.6.3001-3006.1991
/ J. Virol. by Wright KE (1991)10.1007/978-3-642-83755-5_52
10.1126/science.7535476
10.4049/jimmunol.131.5.2254
/ J. Immunol. by Coico RF (1983)10.1038/369605a0
{'key': 'b92', 'volume-title': 'Antigens, Lymphoid Cells and the Immune Response.', 'author': 'Nossal G', 'year': '1971'}
/ Antigens, Lymphoid Cells and the Immune Response. by Nossal G (1971)10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02246.x
10.1093/intimm/3.2.141
10.1084/jem.130.5.1175
10.1084/jem.130.2.287
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1980.tb01044.x
10.1002/eji.1830241046
10.1002/eji.1830180221
10.1159/000313054
10.1038/336070a0
{'key': 'b102', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': '159', 'author': 'Gray D', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.'}
/ Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. by Gray D (1990)10.1038/353071a0
10.1126/science.8073282
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1986.tb01482.x
10.1016/0167-5699(93)90324-E
10.1038/346749a0
10.4049/jimmunol.128.2.639
/ J. Immunol. by Baine Y (1982)10.1002/eji.1830161018
{'key': 'b110', 'volume-title': 'The Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease.', 'author': 'Mims CA', 'year': '1987'}
/ The Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease. by Mims CA (1987)10.1128/jvi.69.4.2153-2158.1995
/ J. Virol. by Steinhoff U (1995){'key': 'b112', 'first-page': '65', 'volume': '159', 'author': 'Zinkernagel RM', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.'}
/ Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. by Zinkernagel RM (1990)10.1038/369648a0
10.1038/369652a0
10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.333
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00696.x
10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4235
/ J. Immunol. by Bachmann MF (1994)10.1016/0167-5699(93)90187-P
{'key': 'b119', 'first-page': '2', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Scher I', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Immunol.'}
/ Adv. Immunol. by Scher I (1982)10.4049/jimmunol.127.4.1345
/ J. Immunol. by Morrissey P (1981)10.4049/jimmunol.123.4.1619
/ J. Immunol. by Mond JJ (1979)10.1006/cimm.1996.0065
10.1002/eji.1830251236
10.1016/0092-8674(81)90137-9
10.1073/pnas.75.11.5306
10.1128/jvi.67.7.3917-3922.1993
/ J. Virol. by Bachmann MF (1993)10.1128/jvi.10.6.1231-1235.1972
/ J. Virol. by Kelley JM (1972)10.4049/jimmunol.123.1.239
/ J. Immunol. by Mond JJ (1979)10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.003255
10.4049/jimmunol.154.3.1177
/ J. Immunol. by Snapper CM (1995)10.1126/science.169.3950.1042
10.1126/science.2113314
10.1146/annurev.iy.01.040183.001043
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1990.tb00783.x
10.1073/pnas.79.6.2013
{'key': 'b136', 'first-page': '78', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Feldmann M', 'year': '1975', 'journal-title': 'Transplant Rev.'}
/ Transplant Rev. by Feldmann M (1975)10.4049/jimmunol.150.5.1663
/ J. Immunol. by Gaur A (1993)10.4049/jimmunol.152.6.2821
/ J. Immunol. by Parry SL (1994)10.1038/342385a0
10.1038/354308a0
10.1084/jem.156.2.567
10.1073/pnas.88.10.4348
10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60196-0
10.1002/eji.1830050103
10.1111/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00600.x
10.1002/eji.1830241207
10.1126/science.1373518
10.4049/jimmunol.141.2.457
/ J. Immunol. by Carter RH (1988)10.1084/jem.134.1.103
{'key': 'b150', 'first-page': '509', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Mitchison NA', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'Immunology'}
/ Immunology by Mitchison NA (1968)10.1126/science.171.3973.813
10.1073/pnas.79.2.395
10.4049/jimmunol.135.1.423
/ J. Immunol. by Dintzis RZ (1985)10.1084/jem.183.4.1857
10.1038/376352a0
10.1016/1074-7613(95)90157-4
10.1038/345068a0
10.1084/jem.179.2.425
10.1084/jem.183.4.1339
10.1098/rspb.1964.0093
10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60878-0
10.1016/0092-8674(89)90044-5
10.1084/jem.183.2.403
10.1073/pnas.82.17.5890
10.1084/jem.173.6.1433
10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1453
/ J. Immunol. by Mamula MJ (1994)10.1038/325192b0
10.1002/eji.1830240944
10.4049/jimmunol.134.3.1349
/ J. Immunol. by Szakal AK (1985)10.1016/S0167-5699(96)10066-9
10.4049/jimmunol.147.10.3545
/ J. Immunol. by LeClerc C (1991)10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.000455
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)46970-6
/ J. Biol. Chem. by Williams BR (1978)10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05690.x
10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60847-0
10.1126/science.182.4109.293
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 7:43 a.m.) |
Deposited | 2 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2023, 2:45 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 week, 3 days ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 2:02 p.m.) |
Issued | 28 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1997) |
Published | 28 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1997) |
Published Print | 28 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1997) |
@article{Bachmann_1997, title={NEUTRALIZING ANTIVIRAL B CELL RESPONSES}, volume={15}, ISSN={1545-3278}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.235}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.235}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Immunology}, publisher={Annual Reviews}, author={Bachmann, Martin F. and Zinkernagel, Rolf M.}, year={1997}, month=apr, pages={235–270} }