DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939. COSMIC DUST COLLECTION IN AEROGEL

10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939

Crossref journal-article

Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (22)

Abstract

Aerogel is an ultra-low-density material that can be used to capture small particles incident upon it at speeds in excess of 1 km s−1. This permits capture of cosmic dust in space where the high speeds usually result in destructive impact events. The performance of aerogel in laboratory impact tests is described. Completely intact capture is rare; most studies show that between 10% to 100% of the incident particle's mass is captured. However, in all cases unaltered domains were found in the particles captured in the laboratory at speeds up to 6 or 7 km s−1. Several analytic techniques can be applied in situ to particles captured in aerogel, yielding data on the preimpact composition of the particle. Extraction techniques for removing small particles from aerogel are described, and after extraction, handling and analysis in the laboratory can proceed as for any small-sized particle. Coupled with the survival of intact regions in the captured particles, this allows detailed identification of the composition of the dust. Examples are given of current space missions using aerogel dust collectors: Data on these will soon be supplemented by cometary dust particles captured in aerogel on the NASA Stardust spacecraft.

Bibliography

Burchell, M. J., Graham, G., & Kearsley, A. (2006). COSMIC DUST COLLECTION IN AEROGEL. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 34(1), 385â418.

Authors 3

Mark J. Burchell (first)
Giles Graham (additional)
Anton Kearsley (additional)

References 81 Referenced 116

10.1016/0168-9002(94)01119-2
10.1029/93JE03147
10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00021-3
Auer S. 2001. Instrumentation. See Grün et al. 2001, pp.385–444. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 804pp. (10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4_9)
{'key': 'B5', 'first-page': '203', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Barrett RA', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.'} / Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. by Barrett RA (1992)
10.1038/301473a0
10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.001051
{'key': 'B8', 'first-page': '183', 'author': 'Brownlee DE', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Brownlee DE (1994)
10.1029/2003JE002087
10.1016/0019-1035(91)90127-F
10.1088/0957-0233/10/1/011
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2001.tb01865.x
10.1002/jrs.1143
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00205.x
10.1063/1.50786
10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00085-3
10.1086/375549
10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.018
{'key': 'B19', 'first-page': '369', 'author': 'Flynn GJ', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Flynn GJ (1996)
{'key': 'B20', 'first-page': '1457', 'author': 'Flynn GJ', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Flynn GJ (2000)
Foster N. 2006. Synthesis of silica aerogel and its application as a hypervelocity dust capture cell. MSc. thesis, Univ. of Kent.
10.1016/0022-3093(95)00049-6
{'key': 'B23', 'first-page': '441', 'author': 'Gibson JE', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Gibson JE (1991)
10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.025
10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.066
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00122.x
{'key': 'B27', 'first-page': '2078', 'author': 'Graham GA', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Graham GA (2005)
10.1038/35011008
10.1016/B978-0-444-89732-9.50022-4
10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4
10.1038/362428a0
{'key': 'B32', 'first-page': '343', 'author': 'Hartmetz CP', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.'} / Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. by Hartmetz CP (1990)
{'key': 'B33', 'first-page': '463', 'author': 'Hartmetz CP', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Hartmetz CP (1990)
10.1016/B978-0-444-89732-9.50021-2
Hörz F, Cintala MJ, Zolensky ME. 1992. Hypervelocity penetration tracks in very low density, porous targets. See McDonnell 1992, pp.19–23
Hörz F, Cintala MJ, Zolensky ME, Bernhard RB, Davidson WE, et al. 1998. Capture of hypervelocity particles with low density aerogel. NASA TM-98-201792
10.1006/icar.2000.6450
Hrubesh LW, Poco JF. 1990. Developmentof low density silica aerogel. UCRL Preprint CR105858-SUM, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Berkeley, CA
10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00135-5
{'key': 'B40', 'first-page': '679', 'author': 'Huang HP', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Huang HP (1993)
10.1143/JJAP.29.2543
{'key': 'B42', 'first-page': '1387', 'author': 'Ishii HA', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Ishii HA (2005)
10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00039-7
{'key': 'B44', 'first-page': '1670', 'author': 'Kearsley AT', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Kearsley AT (2005)
10.1126/science.1106218
10.1029/2003JE002091
10.1126/science.1098836
10.1038/127741a0
10.1029/1998JE000554
Kitazawa Y, Noguchi T, Neish MJ, Inoue T, Ishizawa J, et al. 2004. First year mission results of passive measurement experiment of dust particles on ISS (MPAC). Presented atInt. Symp. Space Technol. Sci., 24th,ISTC 2004-r-6, Tokyo
Maag C, Kelly Linder W. 1992. Results of space shuttle intact capture experiments. See McDonnell 1992, pp.186–90
McDonnell JAM. 1992. Hypervelocity Impacts in Space. Caterbury, UK: Univ. of Kent. 288pp.
10.1038/309237a0
10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00946-1
10.1016/j.asr.2004.06.003
{'key': 'B56', 'first-page': '1832', 'author': 'Okudaira K', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Okudaira K (2005)
{'key': 'B57', 'first-page': '963', 'author': 'Nishioka K', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Nishioka K (1996)
10.1016/0029-554X(82)90010-6
10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00421-3
10.1016/0734-743X(95)99904-6
10.1016/S0022-3093(05)80427-2
10.1016/0734-743X(90)90093-B
10.1016/0022-3093(95)00065-8
{'key': 'B64', 'first-page': '1132', 'author': 'Tsou P', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Tsou P (1989)
{'key': 'B65', 'first-page': '1264', 'author': 'Tsou P', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Tsou P (1990)
{'key': 'B66', 'first-page': '1443', 'author': 'Tsou P', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Tsou P (1993)
{'key': 'B67', 'first-page': '1205', 'author': 'Tsou P', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Tsou P (1988)
10.1029/2003JE002109
{'key': 'B69', 'first-page': '1419', 'author': 'Tsou P', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Tsou P (1991)
10.1029/2003JE002086
10.1126/science.1098759
{'key': 'B72', 'first-page': '1641', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Werle V', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.'} / Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. by Werle V (1981)
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00860.x
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00952.x
{'key': 'B75', 'first-page': '1826', 'author': 'Westphal AJ', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Westphal AJ (2003)
{'key': 'B76', 'first-page': '1515', 'author': 'Wright IP', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Wright IP (1994)
{'key': 'B77', 'first-page': '1961', 'author': 'Yano H', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Yano H (1999)
{'key': 'B78', 'first-page': '1251', 'author': 'Zolensky ME', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Zolensky ME (1989)
{'key': 'B79', 'first-page': '1381', 'author': 'Zolensky ME', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Zolensky ME (1990)
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01970.x
{'key': 'B81', 'first-page': '1367', 'author': 'Zolensky M', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr.'} / Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. by Zolensky M (2004)

Dates

Type	When
Created	19 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 16, 2006, 2:35 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 8, 2021, 7:53 a.m.)
Indexed	18 hours, 37 minutes ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 1 p.m.)
Issued	19 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 2006)
Published	19 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 2006)
Published Print	19 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 2006)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Burchell_2006, title={COSMIC DUST COLLECTION IN AEROGEL}, volume={34}, ISSN={1545-4495}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences}, publisher={Annual Reviews}, author={Burchell, Mark J. and Graham, Giles and Kearsley, Anton}, year={2006}, month=may, pages={385–418} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        21
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-21T17:00:31Z",
    "timestamp": 1755795631945
  },
  "reference-count": 81,
  "publisher": "Annual Reviews",
  "issue": "1",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        5,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p> Aerogel is an ultra-low-density material that can be used to capture small particles incident upon it at speeds in excess of 1 km s<jats:sup>\u22121</jats:sup>. This permits capture of cosmic dust in space where the high speeds usually result in destructive impact events. The performance of aerogel in laboratory impact tests is described. Completely intact capture is rare; most studies show that between 10% to 100% of the incident particle's mass is captured. However, in all cases unaltered domains were found in the particles captured in the laboratory at speeds up to 6 or 7 km s<jats:sup>\u22121</jats:sup>. Several analytic techniques can be applied in situ to particles captured in aerogel, yielding data on the preimpact composition of the particle. Extraction techniques for removing small particles from aerogel are described, and after extraction, handling and analysis in the laboratory can proceed as for any small-sized particle. Coupled with the survival of intact regions in the captured particles, this allows detailed identification of the composition of the dust. Examples are given of current space missions using aerogel dust collectors: Data on these will soon be supplemented by cometary dust particles captured in aerogel on the NASA Stardust spacecraft. </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        1,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-01-16T19:35:52Z",
    "timestamp": 1137440152000
  },
  "page": "385-418",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 116,
  "title": "COSMIC DUST COLLECTION IN AEROGEL",
  "prefix": "10.1146",
  "volume": "34",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Mark J.",
      "family": "Burchell",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom;"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Giles",
      "family": "Graham",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551;"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Anton",
      "family": "Kearsley",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "22",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "B1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-9002(94)01119-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "B2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/93JE03147"
    },
    {
      "key": "B3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00021-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "B4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Auer S. 2001. Instrumentation. See Gr\u00fcn et al. 2001, pp.385\u2013444. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 804pp.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4_9"
    },
    {
      "key": "B5",
      "first-page": "203",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Barrett RA",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf."
    },
    {
      "key": "B6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/301473a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "B7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.001051"
    },
    {
      "key": "B8",
      "first-page": "183",
      "author": "Brownlee DE",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/2003JE002087"
    },
    {
      "key": "B10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0019-1035(91)90127-F"
    },
    {
      "key": "B11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0957-0233/10/1/011"
    },
    {
      "key": "B12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2001.tb01865.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jrs.1143"
    },
    {
      "key": "B14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00205.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.50786"
    },
    {
      "key": "B16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00085-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "B17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1086/375549"
    },
    {
      "key": "B18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.018"
    },
    {
      "key": "B19",
      "first-page": "369",
      "author": "Flynn GJ",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B20",
      "first-page": "1457",
      "author": "Flynn GJ",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B21",
      "unstructured": "Foster N. 2006. Synthesis of silica aerogel and its application as a hypervelocity dust capture cell. MSc. thesis, Univ. of Kent."
    },
    {
      "key": "B22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-3093(95)00049-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "B23",
      "first-page": "441",
      "author": "Gibson JE",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.025"
    },
    {
      "key": "B25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.066"
    },
    {
      "key": "B26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00122.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B27",
      "first-page": "2078",
      "author": "Graham GA",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35011008"
    },
    {
      "key": "B29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/B978-0-444-89732-9.50022-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "B30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "B31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/362428a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "B32",
      "first-page": "343",
      "author": "Hartmetz CP",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf."
    },
    {
      "key": "B33",
      "first-page": "463",
      "author": "Hartmetz CP",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/B978-0-444-89732-9.50021-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "B35",
      "unstructured": "H\u00f6rz F, Cintala MJ, Zolensky ME. 1992. Hypervelocity penetration tracks in very low density, porous targets. See McDonnell 1992, pp.19\u201323"
    },
    {
      "key": "B36",
      "unstructured": "H\u00f6rz F, Cintala MJ, Zolensky ME, Bernhard RB, Davidson WE, et al. 1998. Capture of hypervelocity particles with low density aerogel. NASA TM-98-201792"
    },
    {
      "key": "B37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/icar.2000.6450"
    },
    {
      "key": "B38",
      "unstructured": "Hrubesh LW, Poco JF. 1990. Developmentof low density silica aerogel. UCRL Preprint CR105858-SUM, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Berkeley, CA"
    },
    {
      "key": "B39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00135-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "B40",
      "first-page": "679",
      "author": "Huang HP",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1143/JJAP.29.2543"
    },
    {
      "key": "B42",
      "first-page": "1387",
      "author": "Ishii HA",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00039-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "B44",
      "first-page": "1670",
      "author": "Kearsley AT",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1106218"
    },
    {
      "key": "B46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/2003JE002091"
    },
    {
      "key": "B47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1098836"
    },
    {
      "key": "B48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/127741a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "B49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/1998JE000554"
    },
    {
      "key": "B50",
      "unstructured": "Kitazawa Y, Noguchi T, Neish MJ, Inoue T, Ishizawa J, et al. 2004. First year mission results of passive measurement experiment of dust particles on ISS (MPAC). Presented atInt. Symp. Space Technol. Sci., 24th,ISTC 2004-r-6, Tokyo"
    },
    {
      "key": "B51",
      "unstructured": "Maag C, Kelly Linder W. 1992. Results of space shuttle intact capture experiments. See McDonnell 1992, pp.186\u201390"
    },
    {
      "key": "B52",
      "unstructured": "McDonnell JAM. 1992. Hypervelocity Impacts in Space. Caterbury, UK: Univ. of Kent. 288pp."
    },
    {
      "key": "B53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/309237a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "B54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00946-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "B55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2004.06.003"
    },
    {
      "key": "B56",
      "first-page": "1832",
      "author": "Okudaira K",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B57",
      "first-page": "963",
      "author": "Nishioka K",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0029-554X(82)90010-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "B59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00421-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "B60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0734-743X(95)99904-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "B61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-3093(05)80427-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "B62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0734-743X(90)90093-B"
    },
    {
      "key": "B63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-3093(95)00065-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "B64",
      "first-page": "1132",
      "author": "Tsou P",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B65",
      "first-page": "1264",
      "author": "Tsou P",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B66",
      "first-page": "1443",
      "author": "Tsou P",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B67",
      "first-page": "1205",
      "author": "Tsou P",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/2003JE002109"
    },
    {
      "key": "B69",
      "first-page": "1419",
      "author": "Tsou P",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/2003JE002086"
    },
    {
      "key": "B71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1098759"
    },
    {
      "key": "B72",
      "first-page": "1641",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Werle V",
      "year": "1981",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf."
    },
    {
      "key": "B73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00860.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00952.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B75",
      "first-page": "1826",
      "author": "Westphal AJ",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B76",
      "first-page": "1515",
      "author": "Wright IP",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B77",
      "first-page": "1961",
      "author": "Yano H",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B78",
      "first-page": "1251",
      "author": "Zolensky ME",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B79",
      "first-page": "1381",
      "author": "Zolensky ME",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    },
    {
      "key": "B80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01970.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "B81",
      "first-page": "1367",
      "author": "Zolensky M",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        10,
        8
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-10-08T11:53:12Z",
    "timestamp": 1633693992000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        5,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 81,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2006,
          5,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124939",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0084-6597",
    "1545-4495"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        5,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}