DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475. Transcriptional Coactivator Complexes

10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475
Crossref journal-article
Annual Reviews
Annual Review of Biochemistry (22)
Abstract
▪ Abstract The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous expansion in our knowledge of the mechanisms employed by eukaryotic cells to control gene activity. A critical insight to transcriptional control mechanisms was provided by the discovery of coactivators, a diverse array of cellular factors that connect sequence-specific DNA binding activators to the general transcriptional machinery, or that help activators and the transcriptional apparatus to navigate through the constraints of chromatin. A number of coactivators have been isolated as large multifunctional complexes, and biochemical, genetic, molecular, and cellular strategies have all contributed to uncovering many of their components, activities, and modes of action. Coactivator functions can be broadly divided into two classes: (a) adaptors that direct activator recruitment of the transcriptional apparatus, (b) chromatin-remodeling or -modifying enzymes. Strikingly, several distinct coactivator complexes nonetheless share many subunits and appear to be assembled in a modular fashion. Such structural and functional modularity could provide the cell with building blocks from which to construct a versatile array of coactivator complexes according to its needs. The extent of functional interplay between these different activities in gene-specific transcriptional regulation is only now becoming apparent, and will remain an active area of research for years to come.
Bibliography
NÃ¤Ã¤r, A. M., Lemon, B. D., & Tjian, R. (2001). Transcriptional Coactivator Complexes. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 70(1), 475â501.
Authors 3
Anders M. Näär (first)
Bryan D. Lemon (additional)
Robert Tjian (additional)
References 203 Referenced 443
Dates
Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 7:42 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2023, 2:52 p.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks ago (Aug. 5, 2025, 8:24 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 2001)
Published	24 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 2001)
Funders 0
None
BibTeX
@article{N_r_2001, title={Transcriptional Coactivator Complexes}, volume={70}, ISSN={1545-4509}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Biochemistry}, publisher={Annual Reviews}, author={Näär, Anders M. and Lemon, Bryan D. and Tjian, Robert}, year={2001}, month=jun, pages={475–501} }
JSON
{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-05T12:24:46Z",
    "timestamp": 1754396686671
  },
  "reference-count": 203,
  "publisher": "Annual Reviews",
  "issue": "1",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\u25aa Abstract\u2002 The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous expansion in our knowledge of the mechanisms employed by eukaryotic cells to control gene activity. A critical insight to transcriptional control mechanisms was provided by the discovery of coactivators, a diverse array of cellular factors that connect sequence-specific DNA binding activators to the general transcriptional machinery, or that help activators and the transcriptional apparatus to navigate through the constraints of chromatin. A number of coactivators have been isolated as large multifunctional complexes, and biochemical, genetic, molecular, and cellular strategies have all contributed to uncovering many of their components, activities, and modes of action. Coactivator functions can be broadly divided into two classes: (a) adaptors that direct activator recruitment of the transcriptional apparatus, (b) chromatin-remodeling or -modifying enzymes. Strikingly, several distinct coactivator complexes nonetheless share many subunits and appear to be assembled in a modular fashion. Such structural and functional modularity could provide the cell with building blocks from which to construct a versatile array of coactivator complexes according to its needs. The extent of functional interplay between these different activities in gene-specific transcriptional regulation is only now becoming apparent, and will remain an active area of research for years to come.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-27T11:42:12Z",
    "timestamp": 1027770132000
  },
  "page": "475-501",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 443,
  "title": "Transcriptional Coactivator Complexes",
  "prefix": "10.1146",
  "volume": "70",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Anders M.",
      "family": "N\u00e4\u00e4r",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 401 Barker Hall, Berkeley, California 94720;"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Bryan D.",
      "family": "Lemon",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 401 Barker Hall, Berkeley, California 94720;"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert",
      "family": "Tjian",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 401 Barker Hall, Berkeley, California 94720;"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "22",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "b1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.10.21.2657"
    },
    {
      "key": "b2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(96)10050-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2667136"
    },
    {
      "key": "b4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-9525(90)90176-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(81)90019-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "b6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(91)90530-C"
    },
    {
      "key": "b7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(94)90221-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/370223a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/377397a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/377454a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80599-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/38664"
    },
    {
      "key": "b13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80211-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01516-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(85)90021-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "b16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(88)90118-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.8.10.4028"
    },
    {
      "key": "b18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(87)90130-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(88)90119-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/341299a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90515-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2363050"
    },
    {
      "key": "b23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2194289"
    },
    {
      "key": "b24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90682-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90683-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00495-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90664-C"
    },
    {
      "key": "b28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90386-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.1.192"
    },
    {
      "key": "b30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(94)90403-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7809597"
    },
    {
      "key": "b32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.11.5154"
    },
    {
      "key": "b33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.23.13483"
    },
    {
      "key": "b34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.19.5.3769"
    },
    {
      "key": "b35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5488.2357"
    },
    {
      "key": "b36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/371523a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.18.8224"
    },
    {
      "key": "b38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(88)90122-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.25.14654"
    },
    {
      "key": "b40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/383185a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.10.18.2368"
    },
    {
      "key": "b42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80522-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "b43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80523-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80164-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81641-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "b46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.19.2484"
    },
    {
      "key": "b47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.27.18847"
    },
    {
      "key": "b48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.275.18.13895"
    },
    {
      "key": "b49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M001635200"
    },
    {
      "key": "b50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90176-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.87.12.4509"
    },
    {
      "key": "b52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80016-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90029-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "b54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.10.6.711"
    },
    {
      "key": "b55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.11.22.3020"
    },
    {
      "key": "b56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81055-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81821-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00296-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "b59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "951",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.8.951",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Matangkasombut O",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "b60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.286.5447.2153"
    },
    {
      "key": "b61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.286.5447.2151"
    },
    {
      "key": "b62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(96)10043-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81533-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.290.5493.982"
    },
    {
      "key": "b65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(94)90428-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.5.2192"
    },
    {
      "key": "b67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.14.6.3927"
    },
    {
      "key": "b68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(96)10051-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01596-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.12.1.45"
    },
    {
      "key": "b71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90362-T"
    },
    {
      "key": "b72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/368466a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.9.12.5602"
    },
    {
      "key": "b74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.10.8.4130"
    },
    {
      "key": "b75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.11.11.5639"
    },
    {
      "key": "b76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.12.10.4503"
    },
    {
      "key": "b77",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.13.2.831"
    },
    {
      "key": "b78",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.16.1.115"
    },
    {
      "key": "b79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.18.8.4707"
    },
    {
      "key": "b80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/374193a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b81",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80978-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "b82",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-437X(98)80012-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.9.8.897"
    },
    {
      "key": "b84",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.15.3.1220"
    },
    {
      "key": "b85",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80088-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "b86",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.22.2934"
    },
    {
      "key": "b87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.1.67"
    },
    {
      "key": "b88",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.15.8538"
    },
    {
      "key": "b89",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80131-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b90",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80178-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b91",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/17141"
    },
    {
      "key": "b92",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80254-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b93",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.12.19.3020"
    },
    {
      "key": "b94",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/19789"
    },
    {
      "key": "b95",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.16.8329"
    },
    {
      "key": "b96",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.12.12.1787"
    },
    {
      "key": "b97",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.14.7939"
    },
    {
      "key": "b98",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/19783"
    },
    {
      "key": "b99",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/20466"
    },
    {
      "key": "b101",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.onc.1201492"
    },
    {
      "key": "b102",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.41.25500"
    },
    {
      "key": "b103",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380"
    },
    {
      "key": "b104",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.275.15.10719"
    },
    {
      "key": "b105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.18.2365"
    },
    {
      "key": "b106",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80247-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b107",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.C000121200"
    },
    {
      "key": "b108",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(05)00007-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b109",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/38444"
    },
    {
      "key": "b110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81958-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b111",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90512-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "b112",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.17.10.5843"
    },
    {
      "key": "b113",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81160-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b114",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.545"
    },
    {
      "key": "b115",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-437X(99)80022-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b116",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.18.2339"
    },
    {
      "key": "b117",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.88.7.2687"
    },
    {
      "key": "b118",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90192-F"
    },
    {
      "key": "b119",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.8.2905"
    },
    {
      "key": "b120",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.5.1950"
    },
    {
      "key": "b121",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.37.23641"
    },
    {
      "key": "b122",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.7.4.583"
    },
    {
      "key": "b123",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81820-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b124",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80162-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b125",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81218-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b126",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90191-E"
    },
    {
      "key": "b127",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/20.17.4649"
    },
    {
      "key": "b128",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06112.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "b129",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/366170a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b130",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.10.17.2117"
    },
    {
      "key": "b131",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00921.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "b132",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81633-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b133",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3955",
      "DOI": "10.1242/dev.125.20.3955",
      "volume": "125",
      "author": "Papoulas O",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Development"
    },
    {
      "key": "b134",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/370481a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b135",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8016655"
    },
    {
      "key": "b136",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.273.5274.513"
    },
    {
      "key": "b137",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/16.22.6772"
    },
    {
      "key": "b138",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.9.4947"
    },
    {
      "key": "b139",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81217-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b140",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80551-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b141",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00068-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "b142",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1360703"
    },
    {
      "key": "b143",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.6.2004-2013.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "b144",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81785-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b145",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80384-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b146",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/8811"
    },
    {
      "key": "b147",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80216-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b148",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.18.2369"
    },
    {
      "key": "b149",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.14.4.2225"
    },
    {
      "key": "b150",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.282.5395.1900"
    },
    {
      "key": "b151",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90217-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "b152",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90216-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b153",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80321-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b154",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/41587"
    },
    {
      "key": "b155",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.6.686"
    },
    {
      "key": "b156",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80796-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b157",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80797-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b158",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80015-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b159",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/18.10.2836"
    },
    {
      "key": "b160",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.19.4.2724"
    },
    {
      "key": "b161",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81530-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "b162",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80473-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "b163",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.20.7643-7653.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "b164",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.81"
    },
    {
      "key": "b165",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81063-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "b166",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1553",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.13.1553",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Goodman RH",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "b167",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "121",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.2.121",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Glass CK",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "b168",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.4.1134-1139.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "b169",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80521-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b170",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.15.3.1203"
    },
    {
      "key": "b171",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.11.13.1640"
    },
    {
      "key": "b172",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/382319a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b173",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.16.2.593"
    },
    {
      "key": "b174",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.17.1.519"
    },
    {
      "key": "b175",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81219-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "b176",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/30283"
    },
    {
      "key": "b177",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.37.23781"
    },
    {
      "key": "b178",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.26.18285"
    },
    {
      "key": "b179",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81479-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "b180",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80301-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b181",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80300-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "b182",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.41.26559"
    },
    {
      "key": "b183",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81220-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "b184",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35015104"
    },
    {
      "key": "b185",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/18.18.5108"
    },
    {
      "key": "b186",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1196",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.10.1196",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "John S",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "b187",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/26.3.847"
    },
    {
      "key": "b188",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/383269a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "b189",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80516-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "b190",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/38304"
    },
    {
      "key": "b191",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.9.5895"
    },
    {
      "key": "b192",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/46925"
    },
    {
      "key": "b193",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/19.6.1176"
    },
    {
      "key": "b194",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/20974"
    },
    {
      "key": "b195",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.288.5470.1422"
    },
    {
      "key": "b196",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.19.10848"
    },
    {
      "key": "b197",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00292-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "b198",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/17.17.5161"
    },
    {
      "key": "b199",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.275.22.16459"
    },
    {
      "key": "b200",
      "first-page": "403",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Owen-Hughes T",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Exp."
    },
    {
      "key": "b201",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/sqb.1998.63.609"
    },
    {
      "key": "b202",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80028-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "b203",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80893-4"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Annual Review of Biochemistry",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-04-23T18:52:21Z",
    "timestamp": 1682275941000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 203,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2001,
          6
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0066-4154",
    "1545-4509"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Annu. Rev. Biochem.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        6
      ]
    ]
  }
}