DOI: 10.1145/954339.954342. Face recognition

Face recognition

10.1145/954339.954342

Crossref journal-article

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

ACM Computing Surveys (320)

Abstract

As one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding, face recognition has recently received significant attention, especially during the past several years. At least two reasons account for this trend: the first is the wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications, and the second is the availability of feasible technologies after 30 years of research. Even though current machine recognition systems have reached a certain level of maturity, their success is limited by the conditions imposed by many real applications. For example, recognition of face images acquired in an outdoor environment with changes in illumination and/or pose remains a largely unsolved problem. In other words, current systems are still far away from the capability of the human perception system.This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into the studies of machine recognition of faces. To provide a comprehensive survey, we not only categorize existing recognition techniques but also present detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category. In addition, relevant topics such as psychophysical studies, system evaluation, and issues of illumination and pose variation are covered.

Bibliography

Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P. J., & Rosenfeld, A. (2003). Face recognition. ACM Computing Surveys, 35(4), 399â458.

Authors 4

W. Zhao (first)
R. Chellappa (additional)
P. J. Phillips (additional)
A. Rosenfeld (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	21 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 2, 2004, 12:05 p.m.)
Deposited	2 months ago (June 18, 2025, 6:48 p.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 10 hours ago (Aug. 22, 2025, 12:46 a.m.)
Issued	21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2003)
Published	21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2003)
Published Online	21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2003)
Published Print	21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2003)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Zhao_2003, title={Face recognition: A literature survey}, volume={35}, ISSN={1557-7341}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/954339.954342}, DOI={10.1145/954339.954342}, number={4}, journal={ACM Computing Surveys}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Zhao, W. and Chellappa, R. and Phillips, P. J. and Rosenfeld, A.}, year={2003}, month=dec, pages={399–458} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p>As one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding, face recognition has recently received significant attention, especially during the past several years. At least two reasons account for this trend: the first is the wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications, and the second is the availability of feasible technologies after 30 years of research. Even though current machine recognition systems have reached a certain level of maturity, their success is limited by the conditions imposed by many real applications. For example, recognition of face images acquired in an outdoor environment with changes in illumination and/or pose remains a largely unsolved problem. In other words, current systems are still far away from the capability of the human perception system.This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into the studies of machine recognition of faces. To provide a comprehensive survey, we not only categorize existing recognition techniques but also present detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category. In addition, relevant topics such as psychophysical studies, system evaluation, and issues of illumination and pose variation are covered.</jats:p>",
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