Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae.
10.1136/jcp.33.12.1179
Crossref journal-article
BMJ
Journal of Clinical Pathology (239)
Abstract

Legionella pneumophila, the causative organism of Legionnaires' disease, is pathogenic for free living, ubiquitous, freshwater, and soil amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria. Some species support the growth of strains from serogroups 1 to 6, others only strains from certain serogroups. Initial studies with seeded material indicate that amoebal enrichment could be utilised for the isolation of legionellae from clinical specimens and natural habitats. It is suggested that a vacuole, or amoeba, full of legionellae, rather than free legionellae, could be the infective particle for man.

Bibliography

Rowbotham, T. J. (1980). Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 33(12), 1179–1183.

Authors 1
  1. T J Rowbotham (first)
References 37 Referenced 787
  1. Morris GK, Patton CM, Feeley JC, et al. Isolation of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples. Ann Intern Med 1979;90: 664-6. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-664) / Ann Intern Med / Isolation of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples by Morris, G.K.; Patton, C.M.; Feeley, J.C. (1979)
  2. Morris GK, Skaliy P, Gorman GW, et al. Environmental sources of Legionella pneumophila, the etiologic agent of Legionnaires' disease. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1979;326. / disease. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the / Environmental sources of Legionella pneumophila, the etiologic agent of Legionnaires' by Morris, G.K.; Skaliy, P.; Gorman, G.W. (1979)
  3. Dondero TJ Jr, Rendtorff RC, Mallison GF, et al. An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated airconditioning cooling tower. N Eng J Med 1980;302:365-70. (10.1056/NEJM198002143020703) / N Eng J Med / An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated airconditioning cooling tower by TJ, Jr, Dondero; RC, Rendtorff; GF, Mallison (1980)
  4. Cordes LG, Fraser DW, Skaliy P, et al. Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:425-31. (10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112917) / Am J Epidemiol / Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser by Cordes, L.G.; Fraser, D.W.; Skaliy, P. (1980)
  5. aFliermans CB, Cherry WB, Orrison LH, Thacker L. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from nonepidemicrelated aquatic habitats. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979; 37:1239-42. (10.1128/AEM.37.6.1239-1242.1979) / Appl Environ Microbiol / Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from nonepidemicrelated aquatic habitats by aFliermans CB; WB, Cherry; LH, Orrison; L, Thacker (1979)
  6. Highsmith AK, Mackel DC, Anderson RL, et al. Resistance of Legionella pneumophila in sterile water for injection. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1979;231. / Resistance of Legionella pneumophila in sterile water for injection. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting by Highsmith, A.K.; Mackel, D.C.; Anderson, R.L. (1979)
  7. Skaliy P, McEachern HV. Survival of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium in water. Ann Intern Med 1979;90: 662-3. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-662) / Ann Intern Med / Survival of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium in water by Skaliy, P.; McEachern, H.V. (1979)
  8. Durham LC, Miller RD. Physical stability and survival of Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) in an aqueous environment. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 1979;50. / Physical stability and survival of Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) in an aqueous environment. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting by Durham, L.C.; Miller, R.D. (1979)
  9. Wang WLL, Blaser ML, Cravens J, Johnson MA. Growth, survival, and resistance of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:614-8. / disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med / and resistance of the Legionnaires' by Wang, W.L.L.; Blaser, M.L.; Cravens, J.; Growth, Johnson M.A.; survival (1979)
  10. Janssen WA, Larson RG. Studies on the survival and growth of Legionnaires' disease bacteria in vitro. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1979;50. / Studies on the survival and growth of Legionnaires' disease bacteria in vitro. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting by Janssen, W.A.; Larson, R.G. (1979)
  11. Pine L, George JR, Reeves MW, Harrell WK. Development of a chemically defined liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol 1979;9:615-26. (10.1128/jcm.9.5.615-626.1979) / J Clin Microbiol / Development of a chemically defined liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila by Pine, L.; George, JR, Reeves; MW, Harrell; W.K. (1979)
  12. George JR, Pine L, Reeves MW, Harrell WK. Amino acid requirements ofLegionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol 1980;11:286-91. (10.1128/JCM.11.3.286-291.1980) / J Clin Microbiol / Amino acid requirements ofLegionella pneumophila by George, JR, Pine; L, Reeves; MW, Harrell; W.K. (1980)
  13. Legionellaceae familia nova. Ann Intern Med 1979;90: 656-8. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-656) / Ann Intern Med by familia nova, Legionellaceae (1979)
  14. Feeley JC, Gorman GW, Weaver RE, Mackel DC, Smith HW. Primary isolation media for Legionnaires' disease bacterium. J Clin Microbiol 1978;8:320-5. (10.1128/jcm.8.3.320-325.1978) / disease bacterium. J Clin Microbiol / Primary isolation media for Legionnaires' by Feeley, J.C.; Gorman, G.W.; Weaver, R.E.; Mackel, D.C.; Smith, H.W. (1978)
  15. Rutter DA, Maber HB. Culture ofLegionella pneumophila. Lancet 1979;1:723-4. (10.1016/S0140-6736(79)91174-7) / Lancet / Culture ofLegionella pneumophila by Rutter, D.A.; Maber, H.B. (1979)
  16. Carrington GO. Legionnaires' disease bacillus: inhibition by normal flora. Clin Microbiol Newsletter 1979;1(9):7-8. (10.1016/S0196-4399(79)80094-X) / Clin Microbiol Newsletter / Legionnaires' disease bacillus: inhibition by normal flora by Carrington, G.O. (1979)
  17. Tison, DL, Pope DH, Cherry WB, Fliermans CB. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in association with blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria). Appl Environ Microbiol 1980;39: 456-9. (10.1128/AEM.39.2.456-459.1980) / Appl Environ Microbiol / Growth of Legionella pneumophila in association with blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) by Tison, D.L.; DH, Pope; WB, Cherry; CB, Fliermans (1980)
  18. Chandler FW, Cole RM, Hicklin MD, Blackmon JA, Callaway CS. Ultrastructure of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. A study using transmission electron microscopy. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:642-7. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-642) / Ann Intern Med / Ultrastructure of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. A study using transmission electron microscopy by Chandler, F.W.; Cole, R.M.; Hicklin, M.D.; Blackmon, J.A.; Callaway, C.S. (1979)
  19. Glavin FL, Winn WC Jr, Craighead JE. Ultrastructure of lung in Legionnaires' disease. Observations of three biopsies done during the Vermont epidemic. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:555-9. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-555) / Ann Intern Med / Ultrastructure of lung in Legionnaires' disease. Observations of three biopsies done during the Vermont epidemic by Glavin, F.L.; WC, Jr, Winn; Craighead, J.E. (1979)
  20. Rogers FG. Ultrastructure of Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Pathol 1979;32:1195-202. (10.1136/jcp.32.12.1195) / J Clin Pathol / Ultrastructure of Legionella pneumophila by Rogers, F.G. (1979)
  21. Kishimoto RA, Kastello MD, White JD, et al. In-vitro interaction between normal cynolmolgus monkey alveolar macrophages and Legionnaires' disease bacteria. Infect Immun 1979;25:761-3. / disease bacteria. Infect Immun / In-vitro interaction between normal cynolmolgus monkey alveolar macrophages and Legionnaires' by Kishimoto, R.A.; Kastello, M.D.; White, J.D. (1979)
  22. Johnson W, Pesanti E, Elliott J. Serospecificity and opsonic activity of antisera to Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 1979;26:698:704. (10.1128/IAI.26.2.698-704.1979) / Infect Immun / Serospecificity and opsonic activity of antisera to Legionella pneumophila by Johnson, W.; Pesanti, E.; Elliott, J. (1979)
  23. Chandler FW, McDade JE, Hicklin MD, Blackmon JA, Thomason BM, Ewing EP Jr. Pathologic findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90:671-5. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-671) / disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med / Pathologic findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the Legionnaires' by Chandler, F.W.; McDade, J.E.; Hicklin, M.D.; Blackmon, J.A.; Thomason, B.M.; EP, Jr, Ewing (1979)
  24. Humidifier fever. Report of MRC Symposium 1976 / Report of MRC Symposium by fever, Humidifier (1976)
  25. Thorax 1977;32:653-63 21 Page FC. An illustrated key to freshwater and soil amoebae with notes on cultivation and ecology. Freshwater Biological Assoc, Ambleside, Cumbria, England. Scientific Publication No. 34, 1976. / Freshwater Biological Assoc, Ambleside, Cumbria, England. Scientific Publication / An illustrated key to freshwater and soil amoebae with notes on cultivation and ecology by Thorax (1977)
  26. Greaves PG, Sharp G, Macrae AD. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila. Lancet 1979;1:551-2. (10.1016/S0140-6736(79)90969-3) / Lancet / Isolation of Legionella pneumophila by Greaves, P.G.; Sharp, G.; Macrae, A.D. (1979)
  27. Miller RP. Cooling towers and evaporative condensers. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:667-70. (10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-667) / Ann Intern Med / Cooling towers and evaporative condensers by Miller, R.P. (1979)
  28. *8 Gimenez DF. Staining of rickettsiae in yolk-sac cultures. Stain Technol 1964;39:135-40. (10.3109/10520296409061219) / Stain Technol / Staining of rickettsiae in yolk-sac cultures by Gimenez, D.F. (1964)
  29. Taylor AG, Harrison TG. Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. Lancet 1979;2:47. [Author's note: Strain now recognised by Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, as serogroup 6.] / Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. Lancet 1979; 2: 47. [Author's note: Strain now recognised by Center for Disease Control by Taylor, A.G.; Harrison, T.G.
  30. Fallon RJ, Abraham WH. Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. Lancet 1979;2: 304 [Author's note: Strain now recognised by Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, as serogroup 6.] / Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. Lancet 1979; 2: 304 [Author's note: Strain now recognised by Center for Disease Control by Fallon, R.J.; Abraham, W.H.
  31. Fisher-Hoch S, Hudson MJ, Thompson MH. Identification of a clinical isolate as Legionella pneumophila by chromatography and mass spectrometry of cellular fatty acids. Lancet 1979;2:323-5. / Lancet / Identification of a clinical isolate as Legionella pneumophila by chromatography and mass spectrometry of cellular fatty acids by Fisher-Hoch, S.; Hudson, M.J.; Thompson, M.H. (1979)
  32. Hernandez FJ, Kirby BD, Stanley TM, Edelstein PH. Legionnaires' disease. Postmortem pathologic findings of 20 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1980;73:488-95. (10.1093/ajcp/73.4.488) / Am J Clin Pathol / Legionnaires' disease. Postmortem pathologic findings of 20 cases by Hernandez, F.J.; Kirby, B.D.; Stanley, T.M.; Edelstein, P.H. (1980)
  33. Broome CV, Fraser DW. Epidemiologic aspects of legionellosis. Epidemiol Rev 1979;1:1-16. (10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036204) / Epidemiol Rev / Epidemiologic aspects of legionellosis by Broome, C.V.; Fraser, D.W. (1979)
  34. Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W, et al. Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1189-97. (10.1056/NEJM197712012972201) / N Engl J Med / Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia by Fraser, D.W.; Tsai, T.R.; Orenstein, W. (1977)
  35. Cordes LG, Wilkinson HW, Gorman GW, Fikes BJ, Fraser DW. Atypical Legionella-like organisms: fastidious water-associated bacteria pathogenic for man. Lancet 1979;2:927-30. / Lancet / Atypical Legionella-like organisms: fastidious water-associated bacteria pathogenic for man by Cordes, L.G.; Wilkinson, H.W.; Gorman, G.W.; Fikes, B.J.; Fraser, D.W. (1979)
  36. Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, Gorman GW, et al. Legionella bozemanii species nova: classification of a second species of Legionella associated with human pneumonia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1980 In press. / Legionella bozemanii species nova: classification of a second species of Legionella associated with human pneumonia by Brenner, D.J.; Steigerwalt, A.G.; Gorman, G.W.
  37. Lewallen KR, McKinney RM, Brenner DJ, et al. A newly identified bacterium phenotypically resembling, but genetically distinct from Legionella pneumophila: an isolate in a case of pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1979; 91:831-4. (10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-831) / Ann Intern Med / A newly identified bacterium phenotypically resembling, but genetically distinct from Legionella pneumophila: an isolate in a case of pneumonia by Lewallen, K.R.; McKinney, R.M.; Brenner, D.J. (1979)
Dates
Type When
Created 18 years, 2 months ago (June 9, 2007, 12:50 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 2 months ago (May 31, 2024, 3:48 p.m.)
Indexed 1 day, 20 hours ago (Aug. 27, 2025, 12:16 p.m.)
Issued 44 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1980)
Published 44 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1980)
Published Online 44 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1980)
Published Print 44 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1980)
Funders 0

None

@article{Rowbotham_1980, title={Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae.}, volume={33}, ISSN={1472-4146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.33.12.1179}, DOI={10.1136/jcp.33.12.1179}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Clinical Pathology}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Rowbotham, T J}, year={1980}, month=dec, pages={1179–1183} }