Abstract
Transcription of the major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene (cwlB) was investigated. Deletion of the region upstream of the gene cluster lppX-cwbA-cwlB led to a loss of promoter activity. Primer extension analysis suggested that the cwlB operon is transcribed by E sigma D and E sigma A, the former transcripts being predominants at the exponential growth phase. Expression of the lppX-lacZ fusion gene was reduced by about 90% in a sigD-null mutant. A sin (flaD1) mutation caused a severe defect in transcription of the lppX-cwbA-cwlB operon. The sin (flaD1) mutation also reduced expression of a sigD-lacZ fusion gene constructed in the B. subtilis chromosome. Since the sigD-null mutant exhibits motility and autolysin deficiencies and filamentation, similar phenotypes in the sin (flaD1) mutant may be caused by reduction in expression of the sigma D protein.
References
52
Referenced
56
-
Akamatsu , T. , and J. Sekiguchi . 1987 . Genetic mapping by means of protoplast fusion in Bacillus subtilis . Mol. Gen. Genet. 208 : 254 - 262 .
(
10.1007/BF00330451
) / Mol. Gen. Genet. / Genetic mapping by means of protoplast fusion in Bacillus subtilis by Akamatsu T. (1987) - Akamatsu , T. , and J. Sekiguchi . 1987 . Genetic mapping and properties of filamentous mutations in Bacillus subtilis . Agric. Biol. Chem. 51 : 2901 - 2909 . / Agric. Biol. Chem. / Genetic mapping and properties of filamentous mutations in Bacillus subtilis by Akamatsu T. (1987)
-
Anagnostopoulos , C. , and J. Spizizen . 1961 . Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 81 : 741 - 746 .
(
10.1128/JB.81.5.741-746.1961
) / J. Bacteriol. / Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis by Anagnostopoulos C. (1961) -
Archibald A. R. 1989. The Bacillus cell envelope p. 217-254. In C. R. Harwood (ed.) Bacillus. Plenum Press New York.
(
10.1007/978-1-4899-3502-1_9
) -
Arnosti , D. N. , and M. J. Chamberlin . 1989 . Secondary v factor controls transcription of flagellar and chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 : 830 - 834 .
(
10.1073/pnas.86.3.830
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Secondary v factor controls transcription of flagellar and chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli by Arnosti D. N. (1989) -
Ayusawa , D. , Y. Yoneda , K. Yamane , and B. Maruo . 1975 . Pleiotropic phenomena in autolytic enzyme(s) content, flagellation, and simultaneous hyperproduction of extracellular a-amylase and protease in a Bacillus subtilis mutant . J. Bacteriol. 124 : 459 - 469 .
(
10.1128/JB.124.1.459-469.1975
) / J. Bacteriol. / Pleiotropic phenomena in autolytic enzyme(s) content, flagellation, and simultaneous hyperproduction of extracellular a-amylase and protease in a Bacillus subtilis mutant by Ayusawa D. (1975) -
Doyle , R. J. , and A. L. Koch . 1987 . The functions of autolysins in the growth and division of Bacillus subtilis . Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 15 : 169 - 222 .
(
10.3109/10408418709104457
) / Crit. Rev. Microbiol. / The functions of autolysins in the growth and division of Bacillus subtilis by Doyle R. J. (1987) -
Dubnau , D. 1991 . Genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis . Microbiol. Rev. 55 : 395 - 424 .
(
10.1128/MR.55.3.395-424.1991
) / Microbiol. Rev. / Genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis by Dubnau D. (1991) -
Fein , J. E. , and H. J. Rogers . 1976 . Autolytic enzyme-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 . J. Bacteriol. 127 : 1427 - 1442 .
(
10.1128/JB.127.3.1427-1442.1976
) / J. Bacteriol. / Autolytic enzyme-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 by Fein J. E. (1976) -
Foster , S. J. 1991 . Cloning, expression, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of autolytic amidase of Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 . J. Gen. Microbiol. 137 : 1987 - 1998 .
(
10.1099/00221287-137-8-1987
) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Cloning, expression, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of autolytic amidase of Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 by Foster S. J. (1991) -
Gaur , N. K. , E. Dubnau , and I. Smith . 1986 . Characterization of a cloned Bacillus subtilis gene that inhibits sporulation in multiple copies . J. Bacteriol. 168 : 860 - 869 .
(
10.1128/JB.168.2.860-869.1986
) / J. Bacteriol. / Characterization of a cloned Bacillus subtilis gene that inhibits sporulation in multiple copies by Gaur N. K. (1986) -
Gaur , N. K. , J. Oppenheim , and I. Smith . 1991 . The Bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate development processes, codes for a DNA-binding protein . J. Bacteriol. 173 : 678 - 686 .
(
10.1128/JB.173.2.678-686.1991
) / J. Bacteriol. / The Bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate development processes, codes for a DNA-binding protein by Gaur N. K. (1991) -
Guinand , M. , G. Michel , and G. Balassa . 1976 . Lytic enzymes in sporulating Bacillus subtilis . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 68 : 1287 - 1293 .
(
10.1016/0006-291X(76)90336-3
) / Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. / Lytic enzymes in sporulating Bacillus subtilis by Guinand M. (1976) -
Helmann , J. D. 1991 . Alternative sigma factors and the regulation of flagella gene expression . Mol. Microbiol. 5 : 2875 - 2882 .
(
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01847.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. / Alternative sigma factors and the regulation of flagella gene expression by Helmann J. D. (1991) -
Helmann , J. D. , L. M. Marquez , and M. J. Chamberlin . 1988 . Cloning, sequencing, and disruption of the Bacillus subtilis &2 gene . J. Bacteriol. 170 : 1568 - 1574 .
(
10.1128/JB.170.4.1568-1574.1988
) / J. Bacteriol. / Cloning, sequencing, and disruption of the Bacillus subtilis &2 gene by Helmann J. D. (1988) -
Herbold , D. R. , and L. Glaser . 1975 . Bacillus subtilis N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase . J. Biol. Chem. 250 : 1676 - 1682 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41746-8
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Bacillus subtilis N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase by Herbold D. R. (1975) -
Herbold , D. R. , and L. Glaser . 1975 . Interaction of N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase with cell wall polymers . J. Biol. Chem. 250 : 7231 - 7238 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)40933-2
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Interaction of N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase with cell wall polymers by Herbold D. R. (1975) -
Holtje , J. - V. , and E. I. Tuomanen . 1991 . The murein hydrolases of Escherichia coli: properties, functions and impact on the course of infections in vivo . J. Gen. Microbiol. 137 : 441 - 454 .
(
10.1099/00221287-137-3-441
) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The murein hydrolases of Escherichia coli: properties, functions and impact on the course of infections in vivo by Holtje J. (1991) -
Inoue , T. , and T. R. Cech . 1985 . Secondary structure of the circular form of the Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence: a technique for RNA structure analysis using chemical probes and reverse transcriptase . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 : 648 - 652 .
(
10.1073/pnas.82.3.648
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Secondary structure of the circular form of the Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence: a technique for RNA structure analysis using chemical probes and reverse transcriptase by Inoue T. (1985) -
Kallio , P. T. , J. E. Fagelson , J. A. Hoch , and M. A. Strauch . 1991 . The transition state regulator Hpr of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA-binding protein . J. Biol. Chem. 266 : 13411 - 13417 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98855-1
) / J. Biol. Chem. / The transition state regulator Hpr of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA-binding protein by Kallio P. T. (1991) -
Kamei , K. , S. Hara , T. Ikenaka , and S. Murao . 1988 . Amino acid sequence of a Iysozyme (B-enzyme) from Bacillus subtilis YT-25 . J. Biochem. 104 : 832 - 836 .
(
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122558
) / J. Biochem. / Amino acid sequence of a Iysozyme (B-enzyme) from Bacillus subtilis YT-25 by Kamei K. (1988) -
Kuroda , A. , M. Imazeki , and J. Sekiguchi . 1991 . Purification and characterization of a cell wall hydrolase encoded by the cwlA gene of Bacillus subtilis . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 81 : 9 - 14 .
(
10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04703.x
) / FEMS Microbiol. Lett. / Purification and characterization of a cell wall hydrolase encoded by the cwlA gene of Bacillus subtilis by Kuroda A. (1991) -
Kuroda , A. , M. H. Rashid , and J. Sekiguchi . 1992 . Molecular cloning and sequencing of the upstream region of the major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene: a modifier protein exhibiting sequence homology to the major autolysin and the spoIID product . J. Gen. Microbiol. 138 : 1067 - 1076 .
(
10.1099/00221287-138-6-1067
) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Molecular cloning and sequencing of the upstream region of the major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene: a modifier protein exhibiting sequence homology to the major autolysin and the spoIID product by Kuroda A. (1992) -
Kuroda , A. , and J. Sekiguchi . 1990 . Cloning, sequencing and genetic mapping of a Bacillus subtilis cell wall hydrolase gene . J. Gen. Microbiol. 136 : 2209 - 2216 .
(
10.1099/00221287-136-11-2209
) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Cloning, sequencing and genetic mapping of a Bacillus subtilis cell wall hydrolase gene by Kuroda A. (1990) -
Kuroda , A. , and J. Sekiguchi . 1991 . Molecular cloning and sequencing of a major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene . J. Bacteriol. 173 : 7304 - 7312 .
(
10.1128/JB.173.22.7304-7312.1991
) / J. Bacteriol. / Molecular cloning and sequencing of a major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene by Kuroda A. (1991) - Kuroda A. and J. Sekiguchi. Unpublished data.
-
Louie , P. , A. Lee , K. Stansmore , R. Grant , C. Ginther , and T. Leighton . 1992 . Roles of rpoD, spoIIF, spoIIJ, spoIIN, and sin in regulation of Bacillus subtilis stage II sporulation-specific transcription . J. Bacteriol. 174 : 3570 - 3576 .
(
10.1128/JB.174.11.3570-3576.1992
) / J. Bacteriol. / Roles of rpoD, spoIIF, spoIIJ, spoIIN, and sin in regulation of Bacillus subtilis stage II sporulation-specific transcription by Louie P. (1992) -
Mandic-Mulec , I. , N. Gaur , U. Bai , and I. Smith . 1992 . Sin, a stage-specific repressor of cellular differentiation . J. Bacteriol. 174 : 3561 - 3569 .
(
10.1128/JB.174.11.3561-3569.1992
) / J. Bacteriol. / Sin, a stage-specific repressor of cellular differentiation by Mandic-Mulec I. (1992) - Maniatis T. E. F. Fritsch and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.
-
Marquez , L. M. , J. D. Helmann , E. Ferrari , H. M. Parker , G. W. Ordal , and M. J. Chamberlin . 1990 . Studies of erdependent functions in Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 172 : 3435 - 3443 .
(
10.1128/JB.172.6.3435-3443.1990
) / J. Bacteriol. / Studies of erdependent functions in Bacillus subtilis by Marquez L. M. (1990) - Miller J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.
- Moran C. P. Jr. 1989. Sigma factors and the regulation of transcription p. 167-184. In I. Smith R. A. Slepecky and P. Setlow (ed.) Regulation of procaryotic development. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C.
-
Msadek , T. , F. Kunst , D. Henner , A. Klier , G. Rapoport , and R. Dedonder . 1990 . Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU . J. Bacteriol. 172 : 824 - 834 .
(
10.1128/JB.172.2.824-834.1990
) / J. Bacteriol. / Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU by Msadek T. (1990) - Murao , S. , and Y. Takahara . 1974 . Enzymes Iytic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced by Bacillus subtilis YT-25 . Agric. Biol. Chem. 38 : 2305 - 2316 . / Agric. Biol. Chem. / Enzymes Iytic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced by Bacillus subtilis YT-25 by Murao S. (1974)
- Okada , S. , and S. Kitahata . 1973 . Purification and some properties of bacterial Iysozyme . J. Ferment. Technol. 51 : 705 - 712 . / J. Ferment. Technol. / Purification and some properties of bacterial Iysozyme by Okada S. (1973)
- Pooley H. and D. Karamata. 1984. Flagellation and the control of autolysin activity in Bacillus subtilis p. 13-19. In C. Nombela (ed.) Microbial cell wall synthesis and autolysis. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam.
-
Priest , F. G. 1977 . Extracellular enzyme synthesis in the genus Bacillus . Bacteriol. Rev. 41 : 711 - 753 .
(
10.1128/BR.41.3.711-753.1977
) / Bacteriol. Rev. / Extracellular enzyme synthesis in the genus Bacillus by Priest F. G. (1977) -
Qi , F. - X. , and R. H. Doi . 1990 . Localization of a second SigH promoter in the Bacillus subtilis sigA operon and regulation of dnaE expression by the promoter . J. Bacteriol. 172 : 5631 - 5636 .
(
10.1128/JB.172.10.5631-5636.1990
) / J. Bacteriol. / Localization of a second SigH promoter in the Bacillus subtilis sigA operon and regulation of dnaE expression by the promoter by Qi F. (1990) -
Rogers H. J. H. R. Perkins and J. B. Ward. 1980. Microbial cell walls and membranes. Chapman & Hall Ltd. London.
(
10.1007/978-94-011-6014-8
) - Rogers , H. J. , C. Taylor , S. Rayter , and J. B. Ward . 1984 . Purification and properties of autolytic endo-3-N-acetylglucosaminidase and the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis strain 168 . J. Gen. Microbiol. 130 : 2395 - 2402 . / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Purification and properties of autolytic endo-3-N-acetylglucosaminidase and the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis strain 168 by Rogers H. J. (1984)
-
Sadaie , Y. , and T. Kada . 1985 . Bacillus subtilis gene involved in cell division, sporulation, and exoenzyme secretion . J. Bacteriol. 163 : 648 - 653 .
(
10.1128/JB.163.2.648-653.1985
) / J. Bacteriol. / Bacillus subtilis gene involved in cell division, sporulation, and exoenzyme secretion by Sadaie Y. (1985) -
Sadaie , Y. , H. Takamatsu , N. Nakamura , and K. Yamane . 1991 . Sequencing reveals similarity of the wild-type div+ gene of Bacillus subtilis to the Escherichia coli secA gene . Gene 98 : 101 - 105 .
(
10.1016/0378-1119(91)90110-W
) / Gene / Sequencing reveals similarity of the wild-type div+ gene of Bacillus subtilis to the Escherichia coli secA gene by Sadaie Y. (1991) -
Sanger , F. , S. Nicklen , and A. R. Coulson . 1977 . DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74 : 5463 - 5467 .
(
10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors by Sanger F. (1977) -
Schaeffer , P. , J. Millet , and J. P. Aubert . 1965 . Catabolite repression of bacterial sporulation . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54 : 704 - 711 .
(
10.1073/pnas.54.3.704
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Catabolite repression of bacterial sporulation by Schaeffer P. (1965) - Sekiguchi , J. , B. Ezaki , K. Kodama , and T. Akamatsu . 1988 . Molecular cloning of a gene affecting the autolysin level and flagellation in Bacillus subtilis . J. Gen. Microbiol. 134 : 1611 - 1621 . / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Molecular cloning of a gene affecting the autolysin level and flagellation in Bacillus subtilis by Sekiguchi J. (1988)
-
Sekiguchi , J. , H. Ohsu , A. Kuroda , H. Moriyama , and T. Akamatsu . 1990 . Nucleotide sequences of the Bacillus subtilis flaD locus and a B. licheniformis homologue affecting the autolysin level and flagellation . J. Gen. Microbiol. 136 : 1223 - 1230 .
(
10.1099/00221287-136-7-1223
) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Nucleotide sequences of the Bacillus subtilis flaD locus and a B. licheniformis homologue affecting the autolysin level and flagellation by Sekiguchi J. (1990) -
Sekiguchi , J. , N. Takada , and H. Okada . 1975 . Genes affecting the productivity of a-amylase in Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 121 : 688 - 694 .
(
10.1128/JB.121.2.688-694.1975
) / J. Bacteriol. / Genes affecting the productivity of a-amylase in Bacillus subtilis by Sekiguchi J. (1975) -
Shimotsu , H. , and D. J. Henner . 1986 . Modulation in Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene expression by sucrose and regulation of the steady-state mRNA level by sacU and sacQ genes . J. Bacteriol. 168 : 380 - 388 .
(
10.1128/JB.168.1.380-388.1986
) / J. Bacteriol. / Modulation in Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene expression by sucrose and regulation of the steady-state mRNA level by sacU and sacQ genes by Shimotsu H. (1986) - Smith I. 1989. Initiation of sporulation p. 185-210. In I. Smith R. A. Slepecky and P. Setlow (ed.) Regulation of procaryotic development. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C.
-
Steinmetz , M. , F. Kunst , and R. Dedonder . 1976 . Mapping of mutations affecting synthesis of exocellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: identity of the sac!]h, amyB and pap mutations . Mol. Gen. Genet. 148 : 281 - 285 .
(
10.1007/BF00332902
) / Mol. Gen. Genet. / Mapping of mutations affecting synthesis of exocellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: identity of the sac!]h, amyB and pap mutations by Steinmetz M. (1976) - Tomasz A. 1984. Building and breaking of bonds in the cell wall of bacteria-the role for autolysins p. 3-12. In C. Nombela (ed.) Microbial cell wall synthesis and autolysis. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam.
- Valle F. and E. Ferrari. 1989. Subtilisin: a redundantly temporally regulated gene? p. 131-146. In I. Smith R. A. Slepecky and P. Setlow (ed.) Regulation of procaryotic development. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C.
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 8 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 7, 2016, 10:32 a.m.) |
Deposited | 4 years ago (July 29, 2021, 1:53 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 year, 9 months ago (Oct. 29, 2023, 1:45 p.m.) |
Issued | 32 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1993) |
Published | 32 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1993) |
Published Print | 32 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1993) |
@article{Kuroda_1993, title={High-level transcription of the major Bacillus subtilis autolysin operon depends on expression of the sigma D gene and is affected by a sin (flaD) mutation}, volume={175}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.3.795-801.1993}, DOI={10.1128/jb.175.3.795-801.1993}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Kuroda, A and Sekiguchi, J}, year={1993}, month=feb, pages={795–801} }