DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987. "White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans

"White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans

10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Journal of Bacteriology (235)

Abstract

A second high-frequency switching system was identified in selected pathogenic strains in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. In the characterized strain WO-1, cells switched heritably, reversibly, and at a high frequency (approximately 10(-2] between two phenotypes readily distinguishable by the size, shape, and color of colonies formed on agar at 25 degrees C. In this system, referred to as the "white-opaque transition," cells formed either "white" hemispherical colonies, which were similar to the ones formed by standard laboratory strains of C. albicans, or "opaque" colonies, which were larger, flatter, and grey. At least three other heritable colony phenotypes were generated by WO-1 and included one irregular-wrinkle and two fuzzy colony phenotypes. The basis of the white-opaque transition appears to be a fundamental difference in cellular morphology. White cells were similar in shape, size, and budding pattern to cells of common laboratory strains. In dramatic contrast, opaque cells were bean shaped and exhibited three times the volume and twice the mass of white cells, even though these alternative phenotypes contained the same amount of DNA and a single nucleus in the log phase. In addition to differences in morphology, white and opaque cells differed in their generation time, in their sensitivity to low and high temperatures, and in their capacity to form hypae. The possible molecular mechanisms involved in high-frequency switching in the white-opaque transition are considered.

Bibliography

Slutsky, B., Staebell, M., Anderson, J., Risen, L., Pfaller, M., & Soll, D. R. (1987). âWhite-opaque transitionâ: a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans. Journal of Bacteriology, 169(1), 189â197.

Authors 6

B Slutsky (first)
M Staebell (additional)
J Anderson (additional)
L Risen (additional)
M Pfaller (additional)
D R Soll (additional)

References 27 Referenced 495

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la. BedeIl , G. , and D. R. Soil . 1979 . The effects of low concentrations of zinc on the growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans: evidence for zinc-resistant and zinc-sensitive pathways for mycelium formation . Infect. Immun. 26 : 348 - 354 . (10.1128/iai.26.1.348-354.1979) / Infect. Immun. / The effects of low concentrations of zinc on the growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans: evidence for zinc-resistant and zinc-sensitive pathways for mycelium formation by BedeIl G. (1979)
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Byers , B. , and L. Goetsch . 1975 . The behavior of spindles and spindle plaques in the cell cycle and conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . J. Bacteriol. 124 : 511 - 523 . (10.1128/jb.124.1.511-523.1975) / J. Bacteriol. / The behavior of spindles and spindle plaques in the cell cycle and conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Byers B. (1975)
Dujon B. 1981. Mitochondrial genetics and functions p. 505-638. In J. N. Strathern E. W. Jones and J. R. Broach (ed.) The molecular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.
Groudine , M. , R. Eisenman , and H. Weintraub . 1981 . Chromatin structure of endogenous retroviral genes and activation by an inhibitor of DNA methylation . Nature (London) 292 : 311 - 317 . (10.1038/292311a0) / Nature (London) / Chromatin structure of endogenous retroviral genes and activation by an inhibitor of DNA methylation by Groudine M. (1981)
Haber J. E. 1983. Mating type genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae p. 537-619. In J. A. Shapiro (ed.) Mobile genetic elements. Academic Press Inc. New York. (10.1016/B978-0-12-638680-6.50017-X)
Herman , M. A. , and D. R. Soil . 1984 . A comparison of volume growth during bud and mycelium formation in Candida albicans: a single cell analysis . J. Gen. Microbiol. 130 : 2219 - 2228 . / J. Gen. Microbiol. / A comparison of volume growth during bud and mycelium formation in Candida albicans: a single cell analysis by Herman M. A. (1984)
Hicks J. B. J. N. Strathern and I. Herskowitz. 1977. The cassette model of mating-type interconversion p. 457-462. In A. I. Bukhari J. A. Shapiro and S. L. Adhya (ed.) DNA insertion elements plasmids and episomes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.
Lee , K. L. , H. R. Buckley , and C. C. Campbell . 1975 . An amino acid liquid synthetic medium for development of mycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans . Sabouraudia 13 : 148 - 153 . (10.1080/00362177585190271) / Sabouraudia / An amino acid liquid synthetic medium for development of mycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans by Lee K. L. (1975)
Myer S. A. D. G. Ahearn and D. Yarrow. 1984. Genus 4. Candida Berkhout p. 585444. In N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij (ed.) The yeasts: a taxonomic study 3rd ed. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. Amsterdam.
Odds , F. C. 1985 . Biotyping of medically important fungi . Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 1 : 155 - 171 . (10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_6) / Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. / Biotyping of medically important fungi by Odds F. C. (1985)
Pays E. M. Laurent M. F. Delauw and M. Steinert. 1985. Telomeric DNA modification linked to the control of antigenic gene expression in trypanosomes p. 173-187. In M. Simon and I. Herskowitz (ed.) Genome rearrangement. Alan R. Liss Inc. New York.
Riggsby , W. , L. Torres-Bauza , J. Wills , and T. Townes . 1982 . DNA content, kinetic complexity, and the ploidy question in Candida albicans . Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 : 853462 . / Mol. Cell. Biol. / DNA content, kinetic complexity, and the ploidy question in Candida albicans by Riggsby W. (1982)
Silverman M. and M. Simon. 1983. Phase variation and related systems p. 537-557. In J. A. Shapiro (ed.) Mobile genetic elements. Academic Press Inc. New York. (10.1016/B978-0-12-638680-6.50016-8)
Slutsky , B. , J. Buffo , and D. R. Soil . 1985 . High frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans . Science 230 : 666 - 669 . (10.1126/science.3901258) / Science / High frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans by Slutsky B. (1985)
Smith C. B. 1985. Candidiasis: pathogenesis host resistance and predisposing factors p. 53-70. In G. P. Bodey and V. Fainstein (ed.) Candidiasis. Raven Press Publishers New York.
Soil D. R. 1984. The cell cycle and commitment to alternate cell fates in Candida albicans p. 143-162. In P. Nurse and E. Streiblova (ed.) The microbial cell cycle. CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton Fl.
Soi D. R. 1985. Candida albicans p. 167-195. In P. Szaniszlo (ed.) Fungal dimorphism: with emphasis on fungi pathogenic to humans. Plenum Publishing Corp. New York. (10.1007/978-1-4684-4982-2_7)
Soil , D. R. 1985 . The role of zinc in Candida dimorphism . Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 1 : 258 - 285 . (10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_10) / Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. / The role of zinc in Candida dimorphism by Soil D. R. (1985)
Soll , D. R. , and G. Bedeil . 1978 . Bud formation and the inducibility of pseudo-mycelium outgrowth during release from stationary phase in Candida albicans . J. Gen. Microbiot. 108 : 173 - 180 . (10.1099/00221287-108-2-173) / J. Gen. Microbiot. / Bud formation and the inducibility of pseudo-mycelium outgrowth during release from stationary phase in Candida albicans by Soll D. R. (1978)
Soil , D. R. , and M. A. Herman . 1983 . Growth and the inducibility of mycelium formation in Candida albicans: a single cell analysis using a perfusion chamber . J. Gen. Microbiol. 129 : 2809 - 2824 . / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Growth and the inducibility of mycelium formation in Candida albicans: a single cell analysis using a perfusion chamber by Soil D. R. (1983)
Soil , D. R. , M. A. Herman , and M. A. Staebeil . 1985 . The involvement of cell wall expansion in the two modes of mycelium formation of Candida albicans . J. Gen Microbiol. 131 : 2367 - 2375 . / J. Gen Microbiol. / The involvement of cell wall expansion in the two modes of mycelium formation of Candida albicans by Soil D. R. (1985)
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Dates

Type	When
Created	8 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 2, 2016, 4:28 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years ago (July 29, 2021, 1:34 p.m.)
Indexed	1 week, 1 day ago (Aug. 20, 2025, 8:55 a.m.)
Issued	38 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1987)
Published	38 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1987)
Published Print	38 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1987)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Slutsky_1987, title={“White-opaque transition”: a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans}, volume={169}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987}, DOI={10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Slutsky, B and Staebell, M and Anderson, J and Risen, L and Pfaller, M and Soll, D R}, year={1987}, month=jan, pages={189–197} }

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