DOI: 10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970. Structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> After Freeze-Etching

Structure of Escherichia coli After Freeze-Etching

10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Journal of Bacteriology (235)

Abstract

Survival of Escherichia coli , quick-frozen under conditions similar to those employed for freeze-etching, is close to 100%. For determination of cell shrinkage, the diameters of freeze-etched E. coli cells (average, 0.99 μm) were compared with those of preparations after negative staining and after ultrathin sectioning. Negatively stained cells measured from 0.65 to 1.0 μm in diameter, and ultrathin sections showed average cell diameters of 0.70 μm. Freeze-etched replicas of logarithmically growing, as well as stationary, E. coli B cells revealed a smooth, finely pitted cell surface in contrast to cell surfaces seen with other preparative methods. The frozen cell wall may cleave in two planes, exposing (i) a smooth fracture face within the lipid layer and (ii) in rare instances an ill-defined particulate layer. Most frequently, however, cleavage of the envelope occurred between wall and protoplasmic membrane; large areas of the membrane were then exposed and showed a surface studded with predominantly spherical particles, an appearance which did not significantly change when the cells were fixed in formaldehyde and osmium tetroxide before freeze-etching. The distribution of these particles differed between logarithmically growing cells and stationary cells.

Bibliography

Bayer, M. E., & Remsen, C. C. (1970). Structure of Escherichia coli After Freeze-Etching. Journal of Bacteriology, 101(1), 304â313.

Authors 2

M. E. Bayer (first)
C. C. Remsen (additional)

References 37 Referenced 87

Anderson , T. F. 1954 . Preservation of structure in dried specimens . Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy, London, p. 122 - 129 . / Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy, London, p. / Preservation of structure in dried specimens by Anderson T. F. (1954)
Bayer , M. E. 1968 . Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli . J. Gen. Microbiol. 53 : 395 - 409 . (10.1099/00221287-53-3-395) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli by Bayer M. E. (1968)
Bayer , M. E. 1968 . Adsorption of bacteriophages to adhesions between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli . J. Virol. 2 : 346 - 356 . (10.1128/jvi.2.4.346-356.1968) / J. Virol. / Adsorption of bacteriophages to adhesions between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli by Bayer M. E. (1968)
Bayer , M. E. 1967 . The cell wall of Escherichia coli: Early effects of penicillin treatment and deprivation of diamino pimelic acid . J. Gen. Microbiol. 46 : 237 - 246 . (10.1099/00221287-46-2-237) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The cell wall of Escherichia coli: Early effects of penicillin treatment and deprivation of diamino pimelic acid by Bayer M. E. (1967)
Bayer , M. E. , and T. F. Anderson . 1965 . The surface structure of Escherichia coli . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54 : 1592 - 1599 . (10.1073/pnas.54.6.1592) / Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. / The surface structure of Escherichia coli by Bayer M. E. (1965)
Branton , D. 1967 . Fracture faces of frozen myelin . Exp. Cell Res. 45 : 703 - 707 . (10.1016/0014-4827(67)90175-9) / Exp. Cell Res. / Fracture faces of frozen myelin by Branton D. (1967)
Brenner , S. , and R. W. Horne . 1959 . A negative staining method for high resolution electron mnicroscopy of viruses . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 34 : 103 - 110 . (10.1016/0006-3002(59)90237-9) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / A negative staining method for high resolution electron mnicroscopy of viruses by Brenner S. (1959)
Burge , R. E. , and J. E. Draper . 1967 . The structure of the cell wall of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris. I. An electron microscope and x-ray study . J. Mol. Biol. 28 : 173 - 187 . (10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80001-9) / J. Mol. Biol. / The structure of the cell wall of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris. I. An electron microscope and x-ray study by Burge R. E. (1967)
Clark , A. W. , and D. Branton . 1968 . Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina . Z. Zellforsch. 91 : 586 - 603 . (10.1007/BF00455276) / Z. Zellforsch. / Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina by Clark A. W. (1968)
DePetris , S. 1967 . Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and the chemical nature of its constituent layers . J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19 : 45 . (10.1016/S0022-5320(67)80059-5) / J. Ultrastruct. Res. / Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and the chemical nature of its constituent layers by DePetris S. (1967)
DeRosier , D. J. , and A. Klug . 1968 . Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs . Nature (London) 217 : 130 - 134 . (10.1038/217130a0) / Nature (London) / Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs by DeRosier D. J. (1968)
Farrant , J. L. 1954 . An electron microscopic study of ferritin . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 13 : 569 - 576 . (10.1016/0006-3002(54)90376-5) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / An electron microscopic study of ferritin by Farrant J. L. (1954)
Fiil , A. , and D. Branton . 1969 . Changes in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli during magnesium starvation . J. Bacteriol. 98 : 1320 - 1327 . (10.1128/jb.98.3.1320-1327.1969) / J. Bacteriol. / Changes in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli during magnesium starvation by Fiil A. (1969)
Frank , H. , and D. DeKegel . 1967 . Electron microscopical studies on the localization of the different components of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria . Folia Microbiol. 12 : 227 - 233 . (10.1007/BF02868736) / Folia Microbiol. / Electron microscopical studies on the localization of the different components of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria by Frank H. (1967)
Fraser , D. , and E. A. Jerrel . 1953 . The amino acid composition of T3 bacteriophage . J. Biol. Chem. 205 : 291 - 295 . (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77254-8) / J. Biol. Chem. / The amino acid composition of T3 bacteriophage by Fraser D. (1953)
Greaves R. I. N. 1954. p. 125. In R. J. C. Harris (ed.) Biological applications of freezing and drying. Academic Press Inc. New York.
Grossbard , E. , and R. D. Preston . 1957 . Some microscopic structural features of bacteria . Nature (London) 179 : 448 - 449 . (10.1038/179448a0) / Nature (London) / Some microscopic structural features of bacteria by Grossbard E. (1957)
Hall , C. E. 1955 . Electron densitometry of stained virus particles . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1 : 1 - 12 . (10.1083/jcb.1.1.1) / J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. / Electron densitometry of stained virus particles by Hall C. E. (1955)
Holt , S. C. , H. G. Truper , and B. J. Takacs . 1968 . Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis strain 8113 thylakoids chemical fixation and freeze-etching studies . Arch. Mikrobiol. 62 : 111 - 128 . (10.1007/BF00410398) / Arch. Mikrobiol. / Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis strain 8113 thylakoids chemical fixation and freeze-etching studies by Holt S. C. (1968)
Huxley , H. E. 1957 . Some observations on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus . Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy. Stockholm , 1956 , p. 260 - 261 . / Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy. Stockholm / Some observations on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus by Huxley H. E. (1957)
Klug , A. , and D. J. DeRosier . 1966 . Optical filtering of electron micrographs: reconstruction of one-sided images . Nature (London) 212 : 29 - 32 . (10.1038/212029a0) / Nature (London) / Optical filtering of electron micrographs: reconstruction of one-sided images by Klug A. (1966)
Koehler , J. K. 1968 . The technique and application of freezeetching in ultrastructure research . Advan. Biol. Med. Phys. 12 : 1 - 84 . (10.1016/B978-1-4831-9928-3.50005-9) / Advan. Biol. Med. Phys. / The technique and application of freezeetching in ultrastructure research by Koehler J. K. (1968)
Moor , H. 1966 . Use of freeze-etching in the study of biological ultrastructure . Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 5 : 179 - 216 . / Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. / Use of freeze-etching in the study of biological ultrastructure by Moor H. (1966)
Moor , H. , and K. Mlihlethaler . 1963 . Fine structure in frozen yeast cells . J. Cell Biol. 17 : 609 - 628 . (10.1083/jcb.17.3.609) / J. Cell Biol. / Fine structure in frozen yeast cells by Moor H. (1963)
M Uihlethaler , K. , H. Moor , and J. W. Szarkowski . 1965 . The ultrastructure of the chloroplast lamellae . Planta (Berlin) 67 : 305 - 323 . (10.1007/BF00386557) / Planta (Berlin) / The ultrastructure of the chloroplast lamellae by Uihlethaler K. (1965)
Munoz , E. , J. F. Freer , D. J. Ellar , and M. R. J. Salton . 1968 . Membrane-associated ATPase activity from Micrococcus lysodeikticus . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 150 : 531 - 533 . (10.1016/0005-2736(68)90156-9) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / Membrane-associated ATPase activity from Micrococcus lysodeikticus by Munoz E. (1968)
Murray , R. G. E. , P. Steed , and H. E. Elson . 1965 . The location of the mucopeptide in sections of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria . Can. J. Microbiol. 11 : 547 - 560 . (10.1139/m65-072) / Can. J. Microbiol. / The location of the mucopeptide in sections of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria by Murray R. G. E. (1965)
Nermut , M. V. , and R. G. E. Murray . 1967 . Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa . J. Bacteriol. 93 : 1949 - 1965 . (10.1128/jb.93.6.1949-1965.1967) / J. Bacteriol. / Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa by Nermut M. V. (1967)
Remsen , C. C. 1966 . The fine structure of frozen-etched Bacillus cereus spores . Arch. Mikrobiol. 54 : 266 - 275 . (10.1007/BF00408999) / Arch. Mikrobiol. / The fine structure of frozen-etched Bacillus cereus spores by Remsen C. C. (1966)
Remsen , C. C. 1968 . Fine structure of the mesosome and nucleoid in frozen-etched Bacillus subtilis . Arch. Mikrobiol. 61 : 40 - 47 . (10.1007/BF00704290) / Arch. Mikrobiol. / Fine structure of the mesosome and nucleoid in frozen-etched Bacillus subtilis by Remsen C. C. (1968)
Remsen , C. , and D. G. Lundgren . 1966 . Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques . J. Bacteriol. 92 : 1765 - 1771 . (10.1128/jb.92.6.1765-1771.1966) / J. Bacteriol. / Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques by Remsen C. (1966)
Remsen , C. C. , S. W. Watson , J. B. Waterbury , and H. G. Truper . 1968 . Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis Pelsh . J. Bacteriol. 95 : 2374 - 2392 . (10.1128/jb.95.6.2374-2392.1968) / J. Bacteriol. / Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis Pelsh by Remsen C. C. (1968)
Sanyal , A. B. , P. Ganguly , and N. N. Das Gupta . 1964 . Interaction of phosphotungstate with hemoglobin . J. Mol. Biol. 8 : 325 - 332 . (10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80195-9) / J. Mol. Biol. / Interaction of phosphotungstate with hemoglobin by Sanyal A. B. (1964)
Shands , J. W. 1965 . Localization of somatic antigen on gram- negative bacteria by electron microscopy . J. Bacteriol. 90 : 266 - 270 . (10.1128/jb.90.1.266-270.1965) / J. Bacteriol. / Localization of somatic antigen on gram- negative bacteria by electron microscopy by Shands J. W. (1965)
Steere , R. L. 1957 . Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3 : 45 - 59 . (10.1083/jcb.3.1.45) / J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. / Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens by Steere R. L. (1957)
Weidel , W. , H. Frank , and H. H. Martin . 1960 . The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coil strain B . J. Gen. Microbiol. 22 : 158 - 166 . (10.1099/00221287-22-1-158) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coil strain B by Weidel W. (1960)
WEINSTEIN, R. S., and V. M. Koo . 1968 . Penetration of red cell membranes by some membrane-associated particles . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128 : 353 - 357 . (10.3181/00379727-128-33013) / Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. / Penetration of red cell membranes by some membrane-associated particles by Koo (1968)

Dates

Type	When
Created	5 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 3, 2020, 9:24 a.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 2 months ago (June 13, 2021, 7:50 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 11, 2024, 10:19 a.m.)
Issued	55 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1970)
Published	55 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1970)
Published Print	55 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1970)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Bayer_1970, title={Structure of Escherichia coli After Freeze-Etching}, volume={101}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970}, DOI={10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Bayer, M. E. and Remsen, C. C.}, year={1970}, month=jan, pages={304–313} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        11
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-11T15:19:17Z",
    "timestamp": 1704986357565
  },
  "reference-count": 37,
  "publisher": "American Society for Microbiology",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1970,
            1,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 0
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "journals.asm.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            Survival of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>\n            , quick-frozen under conditions similar to those employed for freeze-etching, is close to 100%. For determination of cell shrinkage, the diameters of freeze-etched\n            <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic>\n            cells (average, 0.99 \u03bcm) were compared with those of preparations after negative staining and after ultrathin sectioning. Negatively stained cells measured from 0.65 to 1.0 \u03bcm in diameter, and ultrathin sections showed average cell diameters of 0.70 \u03bcm. Freeze-etched replicas of logarithmically growing, as well as stationary,\n            <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic>\n            B cells revealed a smooth, finely pitted cell surface in contrast to cell surfaces seen with other preparative methods. The frozen cell wall may cleave in two planes, exposing (i) a smooth fracture face within the lipid layer and (ii) in rare instances an ill-defined particulate layer. Most frequently, however, cleavage of the envelope occurred between wall and protoplasmic membrane; large areas of the membrane were then exposed and showed a surface studded with predominantly spherical particles, an appearance which did not significantly change when the cells were fixed in formaldehyde and osmium tetroxide before freeze-etching. The distribution of these particles differed between logarithmically growing cells and stationary cells.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2020,
        1,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2020-01-03T14:24:01Z",
    "timestamp": 1578061441000
  },
  "page": "304-313",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/asmj-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 87,
  "title": "Structure of\n            <i>Escherichia coli</i>\n            After Freeze-Etching",
  "prefix": "10.1128",
  "volume": "101",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "M. E.",
      "family": "Bayer",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "C. C.",
      "family": "Remsen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "235",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "p_1",
      "first-page": "122",
      "article-title": "Preservation of structure in dried specimens",
      "author": "Anderson T. F.",
      "year": "1954",
      "unstructured": "Anderson , T. F. 1954 . Preservation of structure in dried specimens . Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy, London, p. 122 - 129 .",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy, London, p."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "395",
      "DOI": "10.1099/00221287-53-3-395",
      "article-title": "Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "Bayer M. E.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Bayer , M. E. 1968 . Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli . J. Gen. Microbiol. 53 : 395 - 409 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Gen. Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "346",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jvi.2.4.346-356.1968",
      "article-title": "Adsorption of bacteriophages to adhesions between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Bayer M. E.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Bayer , M. E. 1968 . Adsorption of bacteriophages to adhesions between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli . J. Virol. 2 : 346 - 356 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "237",
      "DOI": "10.1099/00221287-46-2-237",
      "article-title": "The cell wall of Escherichia coli: Early effects of penicillin treatment and deprivation of diamino pimelic acid",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "Bayer M. E.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Bayer , M. E. 1967 . The cell wall of Escherichia coli: Early effects of penicillin treatment and deprivation of diamino pimelic acid . J. Gen. Microbiol. 46 : 237 - 246 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Gen. Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1592",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.54.6.1592",
      "article-title": "The surface structure of Escherichia coli",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "Bayer M. E.",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "Bayer , M. E. , and T. F. Anderson . 1965 . The surface structure of Escherichia coli . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54 : 1592 - 1599 .",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "703",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4827(67)90175-9",
      "article-title": "Fracture faces of frozen myelin",
      "volume": "45",
      "author": "Branton D.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Branton , D. 1967 . Fracture faces of frozen myelin . Exp. Cell Res. 45 : 703 - 707 .",
      "journal-title": "Exp. Cell Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "103",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-3002(59)90237-9",
      "article-title": "A negative staining method for high resolution electron mnicroscopy of viruses",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Brenner S.",
      "year": "1959",
      "unstructured": "Brenner , S. , and R. W. Horne . 1959 . A negative staining method for high resolution electron mnicroscopy of viruses . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 34 : 103 - 110 .",
      "journal-title": "Biochim. Biophys. Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "173",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80001-9",
      "article-title": "The structure of the cell wall of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris. I. An electron microscope and x-ray study",
      "volume": "28",
      "author": "Burge R. E.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Burge , R. E. , and J. E. Draper . 1967 . The structure of the cell wall of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris. I. An electron microscope and x-ray study . J. Mol. Biol. 28 : 173 - 187 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "586",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00455276",
      "article-title": "Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Clark A. W.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Clark , A. W. , and D. Branton . 1968 . Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina . Z. Zellforsch. 91 : 586 - 603 .",
      "journal-title": "Z. Zellforsch."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-5320(67)80059-5",
      "article-title": "Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and the chemical nature of its constituent layers",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "DePetris S.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "DePetris , S. 1967 . Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and the chemical nature of its constituent layers . J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19 : 45 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Ultrastruct. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "130",
      "DOI": "10.1038/217130a0",
      "article-title": "Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs",
      "volume": "217",
      "author": "DeRosier D. J.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "DeRosier , D. J. , and A. Klug . 1968 . Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs . Nature (London) 217 : 130 - 134 .",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "569",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-3002(54)90376-5",
      "article-title": "An electron microscopic study of ferritin",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Farrant J. L.",
      "year": "1954",
      "unstructured": "Farrant , J. L. 1954 . An electron microscopic study of ferritin . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 13 : 569 - 576 .",
      "journal-title": "Biochim. Biophys. Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1320",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.98.3.1320-1327.1969",
      "article-title": "Changes in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli during magnesium starvation",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Fiil A.",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "Fiil , A. , and D. Branton . 1969 . Changes in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli during magnesium starvation . J. Bacteriol. 98 : 1320 - 1327 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Bacteriol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "227",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02868736",
      "article-title": "Electron microscopical studies on the localization of the different components of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Frank H.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Frank , H. , and D. DeKegel . 1967 . Electron microscopical studies on the localization of the different components of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria . Folia Microbiol. 12 : 227 - 233 .",
      "journal-title": "Folia Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "291",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77254-8",
      "article-title": "The amino acid composition of T3 bacteriophage",
      "volume": "205",
      "author": "Fraser D.",
      "year": "1953",
      "unstructured": "Fraser , D. , and E. A. Jerrel . 1953 . The amino acid composition of T3 bacteriophage . J. Biol. Chem. 205 : 291 - 295 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_16",
      "unstructured": "Greaves R. I. N. 1954. p. 125. In R. J. C. Harris (ed.) Biological applications of freezing and drying. Academic Press Inc. New York."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "448",
      "DOI": "10.1038/179448a0",
      "article-title": "Some microscopic structural features of bacteria",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Grossbard E.",
      "year": "1957",
      "unstructured": "Grossbard , E. , and R. D. Preston . 1957 . Some microscopic structural features of bacteria . Nature (London) 179 : 448 - 449 .",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.1.1.1",
      "article-title": "Electron densitometry of stained virus particles",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Hall C. E.",
      "year": "1955",
      "unstructured": "Hall , C. E. 1955 . Electron densitometry of stained virus particles . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1 : 1 - 12 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "111",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00410398",
      "article-title": "Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis strain 8113 thylakoids chemical fixation and freeze-etching studies",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Holt S. C.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Holt , S. C. , H. G. Truper , and B. J. Takacs . 1968 . Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis strain 8113 thylakoids chemical fixation and freeze-etching studies . Arch. Mikrobiol. 62 : 111 - 128 .",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Mikrobiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_20",
      "first-page": "260",
      "article-title": "Some observations on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus",
      "volume": "1956",
      "author": "Huxley H. E.",
      "year": "1957",
      "unstructured": "Huxley , H. E. 1957 . Some observations on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus . Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy. Stockholm , 1956 , p. 260 - 261 .",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Int. Conf. Electron Microscopy. Stockholm"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "29",
      "DOI": "10.1038/212029a0",
      "article-title": "Optical filtering of electron micrographs: reconstruction of one-sided images",
      "volume": "212",
      "author": "Klug A.",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Klug , A. , and D. J. DeRosier . 1966 . Optical filtering of electron micrographs: reconstruction of one-sided images . Nature (London) 212 : 29 - 32 .",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/B978-1-4831-9928-3.50005-9",
      "article-title": "The technique and application of freezeetching in ultrastructure research",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Koehler J. K.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Koehler , J. K. 1968 . The technique and application of freezeetching in ultrastructure research . Advan. Biol. Med. Phys. 12 : 1 - 84 .",
      "journal-title": "Advan. Biol. Med. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_23",
      "first-page": "179",
      "article-title": "Use of freeze-etching in the study of biological ultrastructure",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Moor H.",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Moor , H. 1966 . Use of freeze-etching in the study of biological ultrastructure . Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 5 : 179 - 216 .",
      "journal-title": "Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "609",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.17.3.609",
      "article-title": "Fine structure in frozen yeast cells",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Moor H.",
      "year": "1963",
      "unstructured": "Moor , H. , and K. Mlihlethaler . 1963 . Fine structure in frozen yeast cells . J. Cell Biol. 17 : 609 - 628 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "305",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00386557",
      "article-title": "The ultrastructure of the chloroplast lamellae",
      "volume": "67",
      "author": "Uihlethaler K.",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "M Uihlethaler , K. , H. Moor , and J. W. Szarkowski . 1965 . The ultrastructure of the chloroplast lamellae . Planta (Berlin) 67 : 305 - 323 .",
      "journal-title": "Planta (Berlin)"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "531",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2736(68)90156-9",
      "article-title": "Membrane-associated ATPase activity from Micrococcus lysodeikticus",
      "volume": "150",
      "author": "Munoz E.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Munoz , E. , J. F. Freer , D. J. Ellar , and M. R. J. Salton . 1968 . Membrane-associated ATPase activity from Micrococcus lysodeikticus . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 150 : 531 - 533 .",
      "journal-title": "Biochim. Biophys. Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "p_27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "547",
      "DOI": "10.1139/m65-072",
      "article-title": "The location of the mucopeptide in sections of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Murray R. G. E.",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "Murray , R. G. E. , P. Steed , and H. E. Elson . 1965 . The location of the mucopeptide in sections of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria . Can. J. Microbiol. 11 : 547 - 560 .",
      "journal-title": "Can. J. Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1949",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.93.6.1949-1965.1967",
      "article-title": "Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Nermut M. V.",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Nermut , M. V. , and R. G. E. Murray . 1967 . Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa . J. Bacteriol. 93 : 1949 - 1965 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Bacteriol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "266",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00408999",
      "article-title": "The fine structure of frozen-etched Bacillus cereus spores",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "Remsen C. C.",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Remsen , C. C. 1966 . The fine structure of frozen-etched Bacillus cereus spores . Arch. Mikrobiol. 54 : 266 - 275 .",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Mikrobiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "40",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00704290",
      "article-title": "Fine structure of the mesosome and nucleoid in frozen-etched Bacillus subtilis",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Remsen C. C.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Remsen , C. C. 1968 . Fine structure of the mesosome and nucleoid in frozen-etched Bacillus subtilis . Arch. Mikrobiol. 61 : 40 - 47 .",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Mikrobiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1765",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.92.6.1765-1771.1966",
      "article-title": "Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Remsen C.",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Remsen , C. , and D. G. Lundgren . 1966 . Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques . J. Bacteriol. 92 : 1765 - 1771 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Bacteriol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2374",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.95.6.2374-2392.1968",
      "article-title": "Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis Pelsh",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Remsen C. C.",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Remsen , C. C. , S. W. Watson , J. B. Waterbury , and H. G. Truper . 1968 . Fine structure of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis Pelsh . J. Bacteriol. 95 : 2374 - 2392 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Bacteriol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "325",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80195-9",
      "article-title": "Interaction of phosphotungstate with hemoglobin",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Sanyal A. B.",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "Sanyal , A. B. , P. Ganguly , and N. N. Das Gupta . 1964 . Interaction of phosphotungstate with hemoglobin . J. Mol. Biol. 8 : 325 - 332 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "266",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.90.1.266-270.1965",
      "article-title": "Localization of somatic antigen on\n                  gram- negative bacteria by electron microscopy",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "Shands J. W.",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "Shands , J. W. 1965 . Localization of somatic antigen on gram- negative bacteria by electron microscopy . J. Bacteriol. 90 : 266 - 270 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Bacteriol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.3.1.45",
      "article-title": "Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Steere R. L.",
      "year": "1957",
      "unstructured": "Steere , R. L. 1957 . Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3 : 45 - 59 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "158",
      "DOI": "10.1099/00221287-22-1-158",
      "article-title": "The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coil strain B",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Weidel W.",
      "year": "1960",
      "unstructured": "Weidel , W. , H. Frank , and H. H. Martin . 1960 . The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coil strain B . J. Gen. Microbiol. 22 : 158 - 166 .",
      "journal-title": "J. Gen. Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "p_37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "353",
      "DOI": "10.3181/00379727-128-33013",
      "article-title": "Penetration of red cell membranes by some membrane-associated particles",
      "volume": "128",
      "author": "Koo",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "WEINSTEIN, R. S., and V. M. Koo . 1968 . Penetration of red cell membranes by some membrane-associated particles . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128 : 353 - 357 .",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Bacteriology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        6,
        13
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-06-13T11:50:18Z",
    "timestamp": 1623585018000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 37,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1970,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0021-9193",
    "1098-5530"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "J Bacteriol",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "2021-02-01",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}