DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.64.1.202-236.2000. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, the Genetic Code, and the Evolutionary Process

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, the Genetic Code, and the Evolutionary Process

10.1128/mmbr.64.1.202-236.2000

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (235)

Abstract

SUMMARY The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) and their relationship to the genetic code are examined from the evolutionary perspective. Despite a loose correlation between codon assignments and AARS evolutionary relationships, the code is far too highly structured to have been ordered merely through the evolutionary wanderings of these enzymes. Nevertheless, the AARSs are very informative about the evolutionary process. Examination of the phylogenetic trees for each of the AARSs reveals the following. (i) Their evolutionary relationships mostly conform to established organismal phylogeny: a strong distinction exists between bacterial- and archaeal-type AARSs. (ii) Although the evolutionary profiles of the individual AARSs might be expected to be similar in general respects, they are not. It is argued that these differences in profiles reflect the stages in the evolutionary process when the taxonomic distributions of the individual AARSs became fixed, not the nature of the individual enzymes. (iii) Horizontal transfer of AARS genes between Bacteria and Archaea is asymmetric: transfer of archaeal AARSs to the Bacteria is more prevalent than the reverse, which is seen only for the “gemini group.” (iv) The most far-ranging transfers of AARS genes have tended to occur in the distant evolutionary past, before or during formation of the primary organismal domains. These findings are also used to refine the theory that at the evolutionary stage represented by the root of the universal phylogenetic tree, cells were far more primitive than their modern counterparts and thus exchanged genetic material in far less restricted ways, in effect evolving in a communal sense.

Bibliography

Woese, C. R., Olsen, G. J., Ibba, M., & SoÌll, D. (2000). Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, the Genetic Code, and the Evolutionary Process. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64(1), 202â236.

Authors 4

Carl R. Woese (first)
Gary J. Olsen (additional)
Michael Ibba (additional)
Dieter Söll (additional)

References 77 Referenced 562

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Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 2, 2003, 7:57 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 5 months ago (March 7, 2022, 9:56 p.m.)
Indexed	3 weeks, 3 days ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 9:45 a.m.)
Issued	25 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2000)
Published	25 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2000)
Published Print	25 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2000)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Woese_2000, title={Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, the Genetic Code, and the Evolutionary Process}, volume={64}, ISSN={1098-5557}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.1.202-236.2000}, DOI={10.1128/mmbr.64.1.202-236.2000}, number={1}, journal={Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Woese, Carl R. and Olsen, Gary J. and Ibba, Michael and Söll, Dieter}, year={2000}, month=mar, pages={202–236} }

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