DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01305-08. Vaccinia Virus Subverts a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Dependent Innate Immune Response in Keratinocytes through Its Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein, E3

Vaccinia Virus Subverts a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Dependent Innate Immune Response in Keratinocytes through Its Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein, E3

10.1128/jvi.01305-08

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Journal of Virology (235)

Abstract

ABSTRACTSkin keratinocytes provide a first line of defense against invading microorganisms in two ways: (i) by acting as a physical barrier to pathogen entry and (ii) by initiating a vigorous innate immune response upon sensing danger signals. How keratinocytes detect virus infections and generate antiviral immune responses is not well understood. Orthopoxviruses are dermatotropic DNA viruses that cause lethal disease in humans. Virulence in animal models depends on the virus-encoded bifunctional Z-DNA/double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein E3. Here, we report that infection of mouse primary keratinocytes with a vaccinia ΔE3L mutant virus triggers the production of beta interferon (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL4, and CCL5. None of these immune mediators is produced by keratinocytes infected with wild-type vaccinia virus. The dsRNA-binding domain of E3 suffices to prevent activation of the innate immune response. ΔE3L induction of IFN-β, IL-6, CCL4, and CCL5 secretion requires mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS; an adaptor for the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5) and the transcription factor IRF3. IRF3 phosphorylation is induced in keratinocytes infected with ΔE3L, an event that depends on MAVS. The response of keratinocytes to ΔE3L is unaffected by genetic ablation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TRIF, TLR9, and MyD88.

Bibliography

Deng, L., Dai, P., Parikh, T., Cao, H., Bhoj, V., Sun, Q., Chen, Z., Merghoub, T., Houghton, A., & Shuman, S. (2008). Vaccinia Virus Subverts a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Dependent Innate Immune Response in Keratinocytes through Its Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein, E3. Journal of Virology, 82(21), 10735â10746.

Authors 10

Liang Deng (first)
Peihong Dai (additional)
Tanvi Parikh (additional)
Hua Cao (additional)
Vijay Bhoj (additional)
Qinmiao Sun (additional)
Zhijian Chen (additional)
Taha Merghoub (additional)
Alan Houghton (additional)
Stewart Shuman (additional)

References 75 Referenced 51

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years ago (Aug. 20, 2008, 8:15 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 19, 2023, 1:42 p.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 1 week ago (July 14, 2025, 11:18 p.m.)
Issued	16 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2008)
Published	16 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2008)
Published Print	16 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2008)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Deng_2008, title={Vaccinia Virus Subverts a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Dependent Innate Immune Response in Keratinocytes through Its Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein, E3}, volume={82}, ISSN={1098-5514}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01305-08}, DOI={10.1128/jvi.01305-08}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Virology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Deng, Liang and Dai, Peihong and Parikh, Tanvi and Cao, Hua and Bhoj, Vijay and Sun, Qinmiao and Chen, Zhijian and Merghoub, Taha and Houghton, Alan and Shuman, Stewart}, year={2008}, month=nov, pages={10735–10746} }

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