DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00070-08. Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of <i>Caliciviridae</i>

Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of Caliciviridae

10.1128/jvi.00070-08

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Journal of Virology (235)

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, we report the characterization of a novel calicivirus (CV), the Tulane virus (TV), which was isolated from stool samples of captive juvenile rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) of the Tulane National Primate Research Center. The complete genome of TV contains 6,714 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tail and is organized into three open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the nonstructural (NS) polyprotein (ORF1); the capsid protein (ORF2), with an estimated molecular mass of 57.9 kDa; and a possible minor structural protein (ORF3), with an isoelectric point (pI) of 10.0 and a calculated molecular mass of 22.8 kDa. The NS polyprotein revealed all typical CV amino acid motifs, including GXXGXGKT (NTPase), EYXEX (Vpg), GDCG (protease), and GLPSG and YGDD (polymerase). Phylogenetic trees constructed for the NS polyprotein, NTPase, protease, polymerase, and capsid protein sequences consistently placed the TV on a branch rooted with Norovirus , but with distances equal to those between other genera. The TV can be cultured in a monkey kidney cell line (LLC-MK2) with the appearance of typical cytopathic effect. TV exhibits a typical CV morphology, with a diameter of 36 nm, and has a buoyant density of 1.37 g/ml. According to these physicochemical and genetic characteristics, TV represents a new CV genus for which we propose the name “Recovirus” (rhesus enteric CV). Although the pathogenicity of TV in rhesus macaques remains to be elucidated, the likelihood of TV causing intestinal infection and the availability of a tissue culture system make this virus a valuable surrogate for human CVs.

Bibliography

Farkas, T., Sestak, K., Wei, C., & Jiang, X. (2008). Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of Caliciviridae. Journal of Virology, 82(11), 5408â5416.

Authors 4

Tibor Farkas (first)
Karol Sestak (additional)
Chao Wei (additional)
Xi Jiang (additional)

References 42 Referenced 233

10.1128/JVI.77.20.10957-10974.2003
10.1128/JVI.79.3.1409-1416.2005
10.1074/jbc.M602230200
10.1128/JVI.01306-06
10.1128/JVI.00809-06
10.1006/viro.1998.9514
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.10.024
10.1128/AEM.70.8.4538-4543.2004
Farkas, T., W. M. Zhong, Y. Jing, P. W. Huang, S. M. Espinosa, N. Martinez, A. L. Morrow, G. M. Ruiz-Palacios, L. K. Pickering, and X. Jiang. 2004. Genetic diversity among sapoviruses. Arch. Virol.149:1309-1323. / Arch. Virol. (2004)
10.1128/JVI.74.14.6581-6591.2000
Green, K., R. Chanock, and A. Kapikian. 2001. Human caliciviruses, p. 841-874. In D. M. Knipe, P. M. Howley, D. E. Griffin, R. A. Lamb, M. A. Martin, B. Roizman, and S. E. Straus (ed.), Fields virology, 4th ed., vol. 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. / Fields virology (2001)
10.1086/315591
10.1007/s007050170157
10.1111/j.1600-0684.2003.00051.x
10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00114-7
Koopmans, M. K., G. K. Y., T. Ando, I. N. Clarke, M. K. Estes, D. O. Matson, S. Nakata, J. D. Neill, A. W. Smith, M. J. Studdert, and H. J. Thiel. 2005. Caliciviridae, p. 843-851. In C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger, and L. A. Ball (ed.), Virus taxonomy. Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. / Virus taxonomy. (2005)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54860-2
10.1128/JVI.73.1.819-825.1999
10.1099/0022-1317-80-2-291
Mandl, C. W., F. X. Heinz, E. Puchhammer-Stockl, and C. Kunz. 1991. Sequencing the termini of capped viral RNA by 5′-3′ ligation and PCR. BioTechniques10:484-486. / BioTechniques (1991)
10.3201/eid1307.070268
10.1006/viro.2000.0545
10.1016/0168-1702(90)90061-F
10.1007/s00705-005-0591-0
10.1128/JVI.79.12.7283-7290.2005
10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.027
10.1128/JVI.77.4.2789-2798.2003
10.1007/BF01310954
10.1002/jmv.20273
10.1128/JVI.76.20.10089-10098.2002
10.7589/0090-3558-21.4.426
10.1128/JVI.00532-06
10.1128/JVI.76.14.7060-7072.2002
10.1006/viro.2000.0579
10.1002/jmv.2159
10.1007/s007050050369
10.4315/0362-028X-65.6.999
10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00167.x
10.1371/journal.pbio.0020432
10.1128/JVI.02346-05
10.1002/jmv.1890020203
10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.015

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years, 4 months ago (April 2, 2008, 8:54 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 5 months ago (March 5, 2022, 6:47 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month ago (July 24, 2025, 8:23 a.m.)
Issued	17 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2008)
Published	17 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2008)
Published Print	17 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2008)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Farkas_2008, title={Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of Caliciviridae}, volume={82}, ISSN={1098-5514}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00070-08}, DOI={10.1128/jvi.00070-08}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Virology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Farkas, Tibor and Sestak, Karol and Wei, Chao and Jiang, Xi}, year={2008}, month=jun, pages={5408–5416} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-24T12:23:48Z",
    "timestamp": 1753359828961
  },
  "reference-count": 42,
  "publisher": "American Society for Microbiology",
  "issue": "11",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2008,
            6,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1212278400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "journals.asm.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this study, we report the characterization of a novel calicivirus (CV), the Tulane virus (TV), which was isolated from stool samples of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (\n            <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta</jats:italic>\n            ) of the Tulane National Primate Research Center. The complete genome of TV contains 6,714 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tail and is organized into three open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the nonstructural (NS) polyprotein (ORF1); the capsid protein (ORF2), with an estimated molecular mass of 57.9 kDa; and a possible minor structural protein (ORF3), with an isoelectric point (pI) of 10.0 and a calculated molecular mass of 22.8 kDa. The NS polyprotein revealed all typical CV amino acid motifs, including GXXGXGKT (NTPase), EYXEX (Vpg), GDCG (protease), and GLPSG and YGDD (polymerase). Phylogenetic trees constructed for the NS polyprotein, NTPase, protease, polymerase, and capsid protein sequences consistently placed the TV on a branch rooted with\n            <jats:italic>Norovirus</jats:italic>\n            , but with distances equal to those between other genera. The TV can be cultured in a monkey kidney cell line (LLC-MK2) with the appearance of typical cytopathic effect. TV exhibits a typical CV morphology, with a diameter of 36 nm, and has a buoyant density of 1.37 g/ml. According to these physicochemical and genetic characteristics, TV represents a new CV genus for which we propose the name \u201cRecovirus\u201d (rhesus enteric CV). Although the pathogenicity of TV in rhesus macaques remains to be elucidated, the likelihood of TV causing intestinal infection and the availability of a tissue culture system make this virus a valuable surrogate for human CVs.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1128/jvi.00070-08",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        4,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2008-04-03T00:54:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1207184064000
  },
  "page": "5408-5416",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/asmj-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 233,
  "title": "Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of\n            <i>Caliciviridae</i>",
  "prefix": "10.1128",
  "volume": "82",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Tibor",
      "family": "Farkas",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center"
        },
        {
          "name": "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Karol",
      "family": "Sestak",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Chao",
      "family": "Wei",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Xi",
      "family": "Jiang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center"
        },
        {
          "name": "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "235",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.77.20.10957-10974.2003"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.3.1409-1416.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M602230200"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.01306-06"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.00809-06"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1998.9514"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.10.024"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/AEM.70.8.4538-4543.2004"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_10_2",
      "first-page": "1309",
      "volume": "149",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Farkas, T., W. M. Zhong, Y. Jing, P. W. Huang, S. M. Espinosa, N. Martinez, A. L. Morrow, G. M. Ruiz-Palacios, L. K. Pickering, and X. Jiang. 2004. Genetic diversity among sapoviruses. Arch. Virol.149:1309-1323.",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.74.14.6581-6591.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_12_2",
      "first-page": "841",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "2001",
      "unstructured": "Green, K., R. Chanock, and A. Kapikian. 2001. Human caliciviruses, p. 841-874. In D. M. Knipe, P. M. Howley, D. E. Griffin, R. A. Lamb, M. A. Martin, B. Roizman, and S. E. Straus (ed.), Fields virology, 4th ed., vol. 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.",
      "journal-title": "Fields virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1086/315591"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s007050170157"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-0684.2003.00051.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00114-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_17_2",
      "first-page": "843",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Koopmans, M. K., G. K. Y., T. Ando, I. N. Clarke, M. K. Estes, D. O. Matson, S. Nakata, J. D. Neill, A. W. Smith, M. J. Studdert, and H. J. Thiel. 2005. Caliciviridae, p. 843-851. In C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger, and L. A. Ball (ed.), Virus taxonomy. Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.",
      "journal-title": "Virus taxonomy."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54860-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.73.1.819-825.1999"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1099/0022-1317-80-2-291"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_21_2",
      "first-page": "484",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Mandl, C. W., F. X. Heinz, E. Puchhammer-Stockl, and C. Kunz. 1991. Sequencing the termini of capped viral RNA by 5\u2032-3\u2032 ligation and PCR. BioTechniques10:484-486.",
      "journal-title": "BioTechniques"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.3201/eid1307.070268"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.2000.0545"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-1702(90)90061-F"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s00705-005-0591-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.12.7283-7290.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.027"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.77.4.2789-2798.2003"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01310954"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.20273"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.76.20.10089-10098.2002"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_32_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.7589/0090-3558-21.4.426"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_33_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.00532-06"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_34_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.76.14.7060-7072.2002"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_35_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.2000.0579"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_36_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.2159"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_37_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s007050050369"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_38_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.4315/0362-028X-65.6.999"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_39_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00167.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_40_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020432"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_41_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.02346-05"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_42_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.1890020203"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_43_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.015"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Virology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/JVI.00070-08",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/JVI.00070-08",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        3,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-03-05T11:47:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1646480844000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.00070-08"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 42,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "11",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2008,
          6
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1128/JVI.00070-08"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00070-08",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0022-538X",
    "1098-5514"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "J Virol",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "2008-01-10",
      "order": 0,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2008-03-21",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "accepted",
      "label": "Accepted",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2008-06-01",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}