Abstract
Wilson, Melba Carr (Brown University, Providence, R.I.), James L. Farmer, and Frank Rothman . Thymidylate synthesis and aminopterin resistance in Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 92: 186–196. 1966.—The thymine-requirement of Bacillus subtilis 168 thy results from mutation in two unlinked genes (i.e., genetic loci) designated thyA and thyB . The thyB gene is located between the met and ile markers. Both thyA + thyB and thyA thyB + strains are phenotypically thy + . ThyA + thyB strains resemble the wild type in their sensitivity to aminopterin, poor incorporation of exogenous thymine into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and high level of thymidylate synthetase activity in crude extracts. ThyA thyB + strains are resistant to aminopterin in the presence of thymine, incorporate exogenous thymine into DNA, and have no detectable thymidylate synthetase activity. Experiments designed to elucidate the role of the thyB gene indicate that it specifies an alternate pathway of thymidylate synthesis, similar to thymidylate synthetase but requiring a cofactor other than tetrahydrofolate. The mechanism of selection of thymine-requiring mutants by aminopterin is revealed by these results.
References
33
Referenced
39
-
ANAGNOSTOPOULOS , C. , AND J. SPIZIZEN. 1961 . Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 81 : 741 - 746 .
(
10.1128/JB.81.5.741-746.1961
) / J. Bacteriol. / Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis by ANAGNOSTOPOULOS C. (1961) - WILSON FARMER AND ROTHMAN 2. ASHWELL G. 1957. Colorimetric analysis of sugars p. 99-100. In S. P. Colowick and N. 0. Kaplan [ed.] Methods in enzymology vol. 3. Academic Press Inc. New York.
-
BLAKLEY , R. L. , AND B. M. McDo UGALL. 1961 . Dihydrofolic reductase from Streptococcus faecalis R . J. Biol. Chem. 236 : 1163 - 1167 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64260-7
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Dihydrofolic reductase from Streptococcus faecalis R by BLAKLEY R. L. (1961) -
BODMER , W. F. , AND S. GRETHER. 1965 . Uptake and incorporation of thymine, thymidine, uracil, uridine, and 5-fluorouracil into the nucleic acids of Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 89 : 1011 - 1014 .
(
10.1128/JB.89.4.1011-1014.1965
) / J. Bacteriol. / Uptake and incorporation of thymine, thymidine, uracil, uridine, and 5-fluorouracil into the nucleic acids of Bacillus subtilis by BODMER W. F. (1965) -
COHEN , S. S. , AND H. D. BARNER. 1954 . Studies on unbalanced growth in Escherichia coli . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 40: 885 - 893 .
(
10.1073/pnas.40.10.885
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. / Studies on unbalanced growth in Escherichia coli by COHEN S. S. (1954) -
COHEN , S. S. , J. G. FLAKS , H. D. BARNER , M. R. LOEB , A ND J . LICHTENSTEIN. 1958 . The mode of action of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 44: 1004 - 1012 .
(
10.1073/pnas.44.10.1004
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. / The mode of action of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives by COHEN S. S. (1958) -
CRAWFORD , L. V. 1958 . Thymine metabolism in strains of Escherichia coli . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 30 : 428 - 429 .
(
10.1016/0006-3002(58)90071-4
) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / Thymine metabolism in strains of Escherichia coli by CRAWFORD L. V. (1958) -
FARMER , J. L. , AND F. ROTHMAN. 1965 . Transformable thymine-requiring mutant of Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 89 : 262 - 263 .
(
10.1128/JB.89.1.262-263.1965
) / J. Bacteriol. / Transformable thymine-requiring mutant of Bacillus subtilis by FARMER J. L. (1965) -
FLEISSNER , E. , AND E. BOREK. 1962 . A new enzyme of RNA synthesis: RNA methylase . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 48: 1199 - 1203 .
(
10.1073/pnas.48.7.1199
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. / A new enzyme of RNA synthesis: RNA methylase by FLEISSNER E. (1962) -
FRIEDKIN , M. 1962 . Enzymatic aspects of folic acid . Ann. Rev. Biochem. 32 : 185 - 214 .
(
10.1146/annurev.bi.32.070163.001153
) / Ann. Rev. Biochem. / Enzymatic aspects of folic acid by FRIEDKIN M. (1962) - FRIEDKIN M. 1963. Assay of thymidylate synthetase activity p. 128 method 8. In S. P. Colowick and N. 0. Kaplan (ed.) Methods in enzymology vol. 6. Academic Press Inc. New York.
-
GOLD , M., J. HURW r FZ , AND M. ANDERS. 1963 . The enzymatic methylation of RNA and DNA . I. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 11 : 107 - 114 .
(
10.1016/0006-291X(63)90075-5
) / I. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. / The enzymatic methylation of RNA and DNA by GOLD M., J. (1963) - GUEST , J. R. , S. FRIEDMAN , A ND M . A. FOSTER 1962 . Alternative pathways for the methylation of homocysteine by Escherichia coli . Biochem. J. 84 : 93P - 994 P. / Biochem. J. / Alternative pathways for the methylation of homocysteine by Escherichia coli by GUEST J. R. (1962)
-
HAKALA , M. T. , AND A. D. WELCH. 1957 . A polyglutamate form of citrovorum factor synthesized by Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 73 : 35 - 41 .
(
10.1128/JB.73.1.35-41.1957
) / J. Bacteriol. / A polyglutamate form of citrovorum factor synthesized by Bacillus subtilis by HAKALA M. T. (1957) -
IYER , V. N. 1962 . Application of the membrane filter for the quantitative study of transformations with particular reference to phenotypic expression of an erythromycin-resistance mutation . J. Bacteriol. 84 : 326 - 330 .
(
10.1128/jb.84.2.326-330.1962
) / J. Bacteriol. / Application of the membrane filter for the quantitative study of transformations with particular reference to phenotypic expression of an erythromycin-resistance mutation by IYER V. N. (1962) - JONES K. M. J. R. GUEST AND D. D. WOODs. J. BACTERIOL.
- 1961. Folic acid and the synthesis of methionine
- by extracts of Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 79 :
- 566-574.
-
KALLEN , R. G. , M. SIMON , A ND J . MARMUR. 1962 . The occurrence of a new pyrimidine base replacing thymine in a bacteriophage DNA: 5- hydroxymethyl uracil . J. Mol. Biol. 5 : 248 - 250 .
(
10.1016/S0022-2836(62)80087-4
) / J. Mol. Biol. / The occurrence of a new pyrimidine base replacing thymine in a bacteriophage DNA: 5- hydroxymethyl uracil by KALLEN R. G. (1962) -
Lo WRY , 0. H., N. J. ROSEBROUGH , A. L. FARR , A ND R . J. RANDALL. 1951 . Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem. 193 : 265 - 275 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent by WRY H., N. (1951) -
MANTSAVINOS , R. , AND S. ZAMENHOF. 1961 . Pathways for the biosynthesis of thymidylic acid in bacterial mutants . J. Biol. Chem. 236 : 876 - 882 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64322-4
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Pathways for the biosynthesis of thymidylic acid in bacterial mutants by MANTSAVINOS R. (1961) -
MARMUR , J. 1961 . A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms . J. Mol. Biol. 3 : 208 - 218 .
(
10.1016/S0022-2836(61)80047-8
) / J. Mol. Biol. / A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms by MARMUR J. (1961) -
NESTER , E. W. , M. SCHAFER , A ND J . LEDERBERG. 1963 . Gene linkage in DNA transfer:acluster of genes concerned with aromatic biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis . Genetics 48 : 529 - 551 .
(
10.1093/genetics/48.4.529
) / Genetics / Gene linkage in DNA transfer:acluster of genes concerned with aromatic biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis by NESTER E. W. (1963) -
OKADA , T., J. HOMMA , A ND M . SONOHARA. 1962 . Improved method for obtaining thymineless mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium . J. Bacteriol. 84 : 602 - 603 .
(
10.1128/jb.84.3.602-603.1962
) / J. Bacteriol. / Improved method for obtaining thymineless mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by OKADA T., J. (1962) -
OKADA , T., K. YANAGISAWA , A ND F . J. RYAN. 1960 . Elective production of thymine-less mutants . Nature 188 : 340 - 341 .
(
10.1038/188340a0
) / Nature / Elective production of thymine-less mutants by OKADA T., K. (1960) - OKADA , T., K. YANAGISAWA , A ND F . J. RYAN. 1961 . A method for securing thymineless mutants from strains of E. coli . Z. Vererbungslehre 92 : 403 - 412 . / Z. Vererbungslehre / A method for securing thymineless mutants from strains of E. coli by OKADA T., K. (1961)
-
SAITO , H. , AND K.-I. MIURA. 1963 . Preparation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 72 : 619 - 629 .
(
10.1016/0926-6550(63)90386-4
) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta / Preparation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment by SAITO H. (1963) -
TAKAHASHI , I. , AND J. MARMUR. 1963 . Replacement of thymidylic acid by deoxyuridylic acid in the deoxyribonucleic acid of a transducing phage for Bacillus subtilis . Nature 197 : 794 - 795 .
(
10.1038/197794a0
) / Nature / Replacement of thymidylic acid by deoxyuridylic acid in the deoxyribonucleic acid of a transducing phage for Bacillus subtilis by TAKAHASHI I. (1963) -
WACHSMAN , J. T. , S. KEMP , A ND L . Ho GG. 1964 . Thymineless death in Bacillus megaterium . J. Bacteriol. 87 : 1079 - 1086 .
(
10.1128/jb.87.5.1079-1086.1964
) / J. Bacteriol. / Thymineless death in Bacillus megaterium by WACHSMAN J. T. (1964) - WRIGHT , B. E. 1960 . Folic acid coenzyme forms and function . Proc. Intern. Congr. Biochem., 4th, Vienna , 1958 11: 266 - 283 . / Proc. Intern. Congr. Biochem., 4th, Vienna / Folic acid coenzyme forms and function by WRIGHT B. E. (1960)
-
YOSHIKAWA , H. , AND N. SUEOKA. 1963 . Sequential replication of Bacillus subtilis chromosome. I. Comparison of marker frequencies in exponential and stationary growth phases . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 49: 559 - 566 .
(
10.1073/pnas.49.4.559
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. / Sequential replication of Bacillus subtilis chromosome. I. Comparison of marker frequencies in exponential and stationary growth phases by YOSHIKAWA H. (1963) -
ZAKRZEWSKI , S. F. 1960 . Studies on the substrate specificity of folic acid reductase . J. Biol. Chem. 235 : 1780 - 1784 .
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)76881-1
) / J. Biol. Chem. / Studies on the substrate specificity of folic acid reductase by ZAKRZEWSKI S. F. (1960)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 5 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 4, 2020, 8:54 p.m.) |
Deposited | 4 years, 1 month ago (July 29, 2021, 1:21 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 year, 5 months ago (March 29, 2024, 9:47 a.m.) |
Issued | 59 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1966) |
Published | 59 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1966) |
Published Print | 59 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1966) |
@article{Wilson_1966, title={Thymidylate Synthesis and Aminopterin Resistance in Bacillus subtilis}, volume={92}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.92.1.186-196.1966}, DOI={10.1128/jb.92.1.186-196.1966}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Wilson, Melba Carr and Farmer, James L. and Rothman, Frank}, year={1966}, month=jul, pages={186–196} }