Abstract
ABSTRACT FtsE and FtsX have homology to the ABC transporter superfamily of proteins and appear to be widely conserved among bacteria. Early work implicated FtsEX in cell division in Escherichia coli , but this was subsequently challenged, in part because the division defects in ftsEX mutants are often salt remedial. Strain RG60 has an ftsE :: kan null mutation that is polar onto ftsX . RG60 is mildly filamentous when grown in standard Luria-Bertani medium (LB), which contains 1% NaCl, but upon shift to LB with no NaCl growth and division stop. We found that FtsN localizes to potential division sites, albeit poorly, in RG60 grown in LB with 1% NaCl. We also found that in wild-type E. coli both FtsE and FtsX localize to the division site. Localization of FtsX was studied in detail and appeared to require FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, but not the downstream division proteins FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL, and FtsI. Consistent with this, in media lacking salt, FtsA and ZipA localized independently of FtsEX, but the downstream proteins did not. Finally, in the absence of salt, cells depleted of FtsEX stopped dividing before any change in growth rate (mass increase) was apparent. We conclude that FtsEX participates directly in the process of cell division and is important for assembly or stability of the septal ring, especially in salt-free media.
References
40
Referenced
152
-
Addinall, S. G., C. Cao, and J. Lutkenhaus. 1997. FtsN, a late recruit to the septum in Escherichia coli.Mol. Microbiol.25:303-309.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4641833.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (1997) -
Bernatchez, S., F. M. Francis, H. Salimnia, T. J. Beveridge, H. Li, and J. A. Dillon. 2000. Genomic, transcriptional and phenotypic analysis of ftsE and ftsX of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.DNA Res.7:75-81.
(
10.1093/dnares/7.2.75
) / DNA Res. (2000) -
Bernhardt, T. G., and P. A. de Boer. 2003. The Escherichia coli amidase AmiC is a periplasmic septal ring component exported via the twin-arginine transport pathway. Mol. Microbiol.48:1171-1182.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03511.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (2003) -
Bouige, P., D. Laurent, L. Piloyan, and E. Dassa. 2002. Phylogenetic and functional classification of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems. Curr. Protein Peptide Sci.3:541-559.
(
10.2174/1389203023380486
) / Protein Peptide Sci. (2002) 10.1128/JB.182.3.842-847.2000
10.1128/jb.171.5.2337-2346.1989
-
Chen, J. C., and J. Beckwith. 2001. FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI require FtsK, but not FtsN, for co-localization with FtsZ during Escherichia coli cell division. Mol. Microbiol.42:395-413.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02640.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (2001) 10.1128/JB.181.2.521-530.1999
-
Cormack, B. P., R. H. Valdivia, and S. Falkow. 1996. FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene173:33-38.
(
10.1016/0378-1119(95)00685-0
) / Gene (1996) -
de Leeuw, E., B. Graham, G. J. Phillips, C. M. ten Hagen-Jongman, B. Oudega, and J. Luirink. 1999. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli FtsE and FtsX. Mol. Microbiol.31:983-993.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01245.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (1999) 10.1128/MMBR.67.1.52-65.2003
-
Ghigo, J. M., D. S. Weiss, J. C. Chen, J. C. Yarrow, and J. Beckwith. 1999. Localization of FtsL to the Escherichia coli septal ring. Mol. Microbiol.31:725-737.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01213.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (1999) -
Gill, D. R., G. F. Hatfull, and G. P. Salmond. 1986. A new cell division operon in Escherichia coli.Mol. Gen. Genet.205:134-145.
(
10.1007/BF02428043
) / Mol. Gen. Genet. (1986) -
Gueiros-Filho, F. J., and R. Losick. 2002. A widely conserved bacterial cell division protein that promotes assembly of the tubulin-like protein FtsZ. Genes Dev.16:2544-2556.
(
10.1101/gad.1014102
) / Genes Dev. (2002) 10.1128/jb.177.14.4121-4130.1995
10.1128/JB.183.21.6384-6393.2001
10.1128/JB.181.1.167-176.1999
10.1128/JB.184.9.2552-2556.2002
-
Hashimoto-Gotoh, T., M. Yamaguchi, K. Yasojima, A. Tsujimura, Y. Wakabayashi, and Y. Watanabe. 2000. A set of temperature sensitive-replication/-segregation and temperature resistant plasmid vectors with different copy numbers and in an isogenic background (chloramphenicol, kanamycin, lacZ, repA, par, polA). Gene241:185-191.
(
10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00434-5
) / Gene (2000) 10.1128/JB.182.6.1671-1679.2000
10.1128/JB.183.19.5639-5644.2001
-
Margolin, W. 2000. Themes and variations in prokaryotic cell division. FEMS Microbiol Rev.24:531-548.
(
10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00554.x
) / FEMS Microbiol Rev. (2000) 10.1128/jb.184.4.904-912.2002
-
Merino, S., M. Altarriba, R. Gavin, L. Izquierdo, and J. M. Tomas. 2001. The cell division genes (ftsE and X) of Aeromonas hydrophila and their relationship with opsonophagocytosis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.198:183-188.
(
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10640.x
) / FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2001) -
Mukherjee, A., C. Cao, and J. Lutkenhaus. 1998. Inhibition of FtsZ polymerization by SulA, an inhibitor of septation in Escherichia coli.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA95:2885-2890.
(
10.1073/pnas.95.6.2885
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) -
Oliver, D. B., and J. Beckwith. 1981. E. coli mutant pleiotropically defective in the export of secreted proteins. Cell25:765-772.
(
10.1016/0092-8674(81)90184-7
) / Cell (1981) -
Phillips, G. J., and T. J. Silhavy. 1992. The E. coli ffh gene is necessary for viability and efficient protein export. Nature359:744-746.
(
10.1038/359744a0
) / Nature (1992) -
Pichoff, S., and J. Lutkenhaus. 2002. Unique and overlapping roles for ZipA and FtsA in septal ring assembly in Escherichia coli.EMBO J.21:685-693.
(
10.1093/emboj/21.4.685
) / EMBO J. (2002) -
Pogliano, J., K. Pogliano, D. S. Weiss, R. Losick, and J. Beckwith. 1997. Inactivation of FtsI inhibits constriction of the FtsZ cytokinetic ring and delays the assembly of FtsZ rings at potential division sites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94:559-564.
(
10.1073/pnas.94.2.559
) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 10.1128/jb.116.1.314-322.1973
-
Rothfield, L., S. Justice, and J. Garcia-Lara. 1999. Bacterial cell division. Annu. Rev. Genet.33:423-448.
(
10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.423
) / Annu. Rev. Genet. (1999) -
Schneider, B. L., W. Seufert, B. Steiner, Q. H. Yang, and A. B. Futcher. 1995. Use of polymerase chain reaction epitope tagging for protein tagging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Yeast11:1265-1274.
(
10.1002/yea.320111306
) / Yeast (1995) -
Sun, Q., X. C. Yu, and W. Margolin. 1998. Assembly of the FtsZ ring at the central division site in the absence of the chromosome. Mol. Microbiol.29:491-503.
(
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00942.x
) / Mol. Microbiol. (1998) 10.1128/jb.170.4.1533-1540.1988
10.1128/jb.169.1.19-25.1987
10.1128/JB.180.15.3946-3953.1998
10.1128/JB.180.14.3663-3670.1998
10.1128/JB.181.2.508-520.1999
-
Wissel M. C. and D. S. Weiss. 2003. Genetic analysis of the cell division protein FtsI (PBP3): amino acid substitutions that impair septal localization of FtsI and recruitment of FtsN. J. Bacteriol. 186: 490-502.
(
10.1128/JB.186.2.490-502.2004
) -
Yakushi, T., K. Masuda, S. Narita, S. Matsuyama, and H. Tokuda. 2000. A new ABC transporter mediating the detachment of lipid-modified proteins from membranes. Nat. Cell Biol.2:212-218.
(
10.1038/35008635
) / Nat. Cell Biol. (2000)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 21 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 16, 2004, 2:37 p.m.) |
Deposited | 4 years, 1 month ago (July 29, 2021, 1:19 p.m.) |
Indexed | 2 days, 7 hours ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 6:29 a.m.) |
Issued | 21 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004) |
Published | 21 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004) |
Published Print | 21 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004) |
@article{Schmidt_2004, title={A Predicted ABC Transporter, FtsEX, Is Needed for Cell Division in Escherichia coli}, volume={186}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.785-793.2004}, DOI={10.1128/jb.186.3.785-793.2004}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Schmidt, Kari L. and Peterson, Nicholas D. and Kustusch, Ryan J. and Wissel, Mark C. and Graham, Becky and Phillips, Gregory J. and Weiss, David S.}, year={2004}, month=feb, pages={785–793} }