DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.15.3923-3932.1998. Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Sheath of <i>Phormidium uncinatum</i>

Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Sheath of Phormidium uncinatum

10.1128/jb.180.15.3923-3932.1998

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Journal of Bacteriology (235)

Abstract

ABSTRACT The sheath of the filamentous, gliding cyanobacterium Phormidium uncinatum was studied by using light and electron microscopy. In thin sections and freeze fractures the sheath was found to be composed of helically arranged carbohydrate fibrils, 4 to 7 nm in diameter, which showed a substantial degree of crystallinity. As in all other examined motile cyanobacteria, the arrangement of the sheath fibrils correlates with the motion of the filaments during gliding motility; i.e., the fibrils formed a right-handed helix in clockwise-rotating species and a left-handed helix in counterclockwise-rotating species and were radially arranged in nonrotating cyanobacteria. Since sheaths could only be found in old immotile cultures, the arrangement seems to depend on the process of formation and attachment of sheath fibrils to the cell surface rather than on shear forces created by the locomotion of the filaments. As the sheath in P. uncinatum directly contacts the cell surface via the previously identified surface fibril forming glycoprotein oscillin (E. Hoiczyk and W. Baumeister, Mol. Microbiol. 26:699–708, 1997), it seems reasonable that similar surface glycoproteins act as platforms for the assembly and attachment of the sheaths in cyanobacteria. In P. uncinatum the sheath makes up approximately 21% of the total dry weight of old cultures and consists only of neutral sugars. Staining reactions and X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that the fibrillar component is a homoglucan that is very similar but not identical to cellulose which is cross-linked by the other detected monosaccharides. Both the chemical composition and the rigid highly ordered structure clearly distinguish the sheaths from the slime secreted by the filaments during gliding motility.

Bibliography

Hoiczyk, E. (1998). Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Sheath of Phormidium uncinatum. Journal of Bacteriology, 180(15), 3923â3932.

Authors 1

Egbert Hoiczyk (first)

References 24 Referenced 63

Adams L. F. Ghiorse W. C. Physiology and ultrastructure of Leptothrix discophora SS-1.Arch. Microbiol. 145 1986 126 135 (10.1007/BF00446769) / Arch. Microbiol. / Physiology and ultrastructure of Leptothrix discophora SS-1 by Adams L. F. (1986)
Adhikary S. P. Weckesser J. Jürgens U. J. Golecki J. R. Borowiak D. Isolation and chemical characterization of the sheath from the cyanobacterium Chroococcus minutus SAG B.41.79.J. Gen. Microbiol. 132 1986 2595 2599 / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Isolation and chemical characterization of the sheath from the cyanobacterium Chroococcus minutus SAG B.41.79 by Adhikary S. P. (1986)
Blumenkrantz N. Asboe-Hansen G. New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids.Anal. Biochem. 54 1973 484 489 (10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1) / Anal. Biochem. / New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids by Blumenkrantz N. (1973)
Drews G. Weckesser J. Function structure and composition of cell walls and external layers The biology of cyanobacteria. Carr N. G. Whitton B. A. 1982 333 357 Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford England
10.1128/jb.175.24.7808-7818.1993
Feichtinger K. Die Glykosylierungsstellen und die Strukturen der Oligosaccharide des Membranglykoproteins Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26). Ph.D. thesis. 1994 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Germany
Frey-Wyssling A. Stecher H. Über den Feinbau des Nostoc-Schleimes.Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. Abt. Histochem. 39 1954 515 519 (10.1007/BF00334800) / Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. Abt. Histochem. / Über den Feinbau des Nostoc-Schleimes by Frey-Wyssling A. (1954)
10.1128/jb.173.5.1623-1633.1991
Gray J. S. S. Brand J. Koerner T. A. W. Montgomery R. Structure of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi.Carbohydr. Res. 245 1993 271 287 (10.1016/0008-6215(93)80077-R) / Carbohydr. Res. / Structure of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi by Gray J. S. S. (1993)
Hoeniger J. F. Tauschel H. D. Stokes J. L. The fine structure of Sphaerotilus natans.Can. J. Microbiol. 19 1973 309 313 (10.1139/m73-051) / Can. J. Microbiol. / The fine structure of Sphaerotilus natans by Hoeniger J. F. (1973)
10.1128/jb.177.9.2387-2395.1995
Hoiczyk E. Baumeister W. Oscillin, an extracellular Ca2+-binding glycoprotein essential for gliding motility of cyanobacteria.Mol. Microbiol. 26 1997 699 708 (10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5971972.x) / Mol. Microbiol. / Oscillin, an extracellular Ca2+-binding glycoprotein essential for gliding motility of cyanobacteria by Hoiczyk E. (1997)
Jost M. Die Ultrastruktur von Oscillatoria rubescens D.C.Arch. Mikrobiol. 50 1965 211 245 (10.1007/BF00407274) / Arch. Mikrobiol. / Die Ultrastruktur von Oscillatoria rubescens D.C by Jost M. (1965)
10.1128/jb.97.1.350-361.1969
Leak V. L. Fine structure of the mucilaginous sheath of Anabaena sp.J. Ultrastruct. Res. 21 1967 61 74 (10.1016/S0022-5320(67)80006-6) / J. Ultrastruct. Res. / Fine structure of the mucilaginous sheath of Anabaena sp by Leak V. L. (1967)
Lowry O. H. Robets N. H. Leiner K. Y. Wu L. M. Farr A. L. The quantitative histochemistry of brain.J. Biol. Chem. 207 1954 1 17 (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)71241-6) / J. Biol. Chem. / The quantitative histochemistry of brain by Lowry O. H. (1954)
Moor H. Mühlethaler K. Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells.J. Cell Biol. 17 1963 609 628 (10.1083/jcb.17.3.609) / J. Cell Biol. / Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells by Moor H. (1963)
Neuhoff V. Arold N. Taube D. Ehrhardt W. Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and R-250.Electrophoresis 9 1988 255 262 (10.1002/elps.1150090603) / Electrophoresis / Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and R-250 by Neuhoff V. (1988)
Pritzer M. Weckesser J. Jürgens U. J. Sheath and outer membrane components from the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 7414.Arch. Microbiol. 153 1989 7 11 (10.1007/BF00277533) / Arch. Microbiol. / Sheath and outer membrane components from the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 7414 by Pritzer M. (1989)
10.1016/0003-2697(87)90587-2
Skoza L. Mohos S. C. Stable thiobarbituric acid chromophore with dimethyl sulfoxide: application to sialic acid assay in analytical de-O-acetylation.Biochem. J. 159 1976 457 462 (10.1042/bj1590457) / Biochem. J. / Stable thiobarbituric acid chromophore with dimethyl sulfoxide: application to sialic acid assay in analytical de-O-acetylation by Skoza L. (1976)
Tease B. E. Walker R. W. Comparative composition of the sheath of the cyanobacterium Gloeothece ATCC 27152 cultured with and without combined nitrogen.J. Gen. Microbiol. 133 1987 3331 3339 / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Comparative composition of the sheath of the cyanobacterium Gloeothece ATCC 27152 cultured with and without combined nitrogen by Tease B. E. (1987)
Terho T. T. Hartiala K. Method for the determination of the sulfate content of glycosaminoglycans.Anal. Biochem. 41 1971 471 476 (10.1016/0003-2697(71)90167-9) / Anal. Biochem. / Method for the determination of the sulfate content of glycosaminoglycans by Terho T. T. (1971)
Weckesser J. Jürgens U. J. Cell walls and external layers.Methods Enzymol. 167 1988 173 188 (10.1016/0076-6879(88)67018-2) / Methods Enzymol. / Cell walls and external layers by Weckesser J. (1988)

Dates

Type	When
Created	5 years, 7 months ago (Dec. 31, 2019, 11:25 a.m.)
Deposited	4 years ago (July 29, 2021, 2:23 p.m.)
Indexed	3 weeks, 2 days ago (July 31, 2025, 11:57 p.m.)
Issued	27 years ago (Aug. 1, 1998)
Published	27 years ago (Aug. 1, 1998)
Published Print	27 years ago (Aug. 1, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Hoiczyk_1998, title={Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Sheath of Phormidium uncinatum}, volume={180}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3923-3932.1998}, DOI={10.1128/jb.180.15.3923-3932.1998}, number={15}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Hoiczyk, Egbert}, year={1998}, month=aug, pages={3923–3932} }

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  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
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    "1098-5530"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "J Bacteriol",
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