Polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli: microscope study of its size, structure, and sites of synthesis
10.1128/jb.130.2.911-936.1977
Crossref journal-article
American Society for Microbiology
Journal of Bacteriology (235)
Abstract

This report describes the structure, size, and shape of the uncollapsed polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli strain Bi 161/42 [O9:K29(A):H-], its ultrastructural preservation as well as the filamentous components of the isolated capsular material. In a temperature-sensitive mutant, sites were localized at which capsular polysaccharide is "exported" to the cell surface. The highly hydrated capsule of the wild-type cells was visible in the uncollapsed state after freeze-etching, whereas dehydration in greater than or equal to 50% acetone or alcohol caused the capsule to collapse into thick bundles. This was prevented by pretreatment of the cell with capsule-specific immunoglobulin G; the capsule appeared as a homogeneous layer of 250- to 300-nm thickness. The structural preservation depended on the concentration of the anti-capsular immunoglobulin G. Temperature-sensitive mutants, unable to produce capsular antigen at elevated temperatures, showed, 10 to 15 min after shift down to permissive temperature, polysaccharide strands with K29 specificity appearing at the cell surface at roughly 20 sites per cell; concomitantly, capsule-directed antibody started to agglutinate the bacteria. The sites at which the new antigen emerged were found in random distribution over the entire surface of the organism. Spreading of purified polysaccharide was achieved on air-water interfaces; after subsequent shadow casting with heavy metal, filamentous elements were observed with a smallest class of filaments measuring 250 nm in length and 3 to 6 nm in width. At one end these fibers revealed a knoblike structure of about 10-nm diameter. The slimelike polysaccharides from mutants produced filamentous bundles of greater than 100-microns length, with antigenic and phage-receptor properties indistinguishable from those of the wild-type K29 capsule antigen.

Bibliography

Bayer, M. E., & Thurow, H. (1977). Polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli: microscope study of its size, structure, and sites of synthesis. Journal of Bacteriology, 130(2), 911–936.

Authors 2
  1. M E Bayer (first)
  2. H Thurow (additional)
References 67 Referenced 145
  1. Bayer , M. E. 1968 . Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli . J. Gen. Microbiol. 53 : 395 - 404 . (10.1099/00221287-53-3-395) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli by Bayer M. E. (1968)
  2. Bayer M. E. 1975. Role of adhesion zones in bacterial cell surface function and biogenesis p. 393-427. In A. Tzagaloff (ed.) Membrane biogenesis. Plenum Publishing Corp. New York. (10.1007/978-1-4684-2136-1_11)
  3. Bayer , M. E. , and C. C. Remsen . 1970 . Structure of Escherichia coli after freeze-etching . J. Bacteriol. 101 : 304 - 314 . (10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970) / J. Bacteriol. / Structure of Escherichia coli after freeze-etching by Bayer M. E. (1970)
  4. Bayer , M. E. , and T. Starkey . 1972 . The adsorption of bacteriophage FX174 and its interaction with Escherichia coli: a kinetic and morphological study . Virology 49 : 236 - 256 . (10.1016/S0042-6822(72)80026-6) / Virology / The adsorption of bacteriophage FX174 and its interaction with Escherichia coli: a kinetic and morphological study by Bayer M. E. (1972)
  5. Bessler , W. , E. Freund-Molbert , H. Knufermann , C. Rudolph , H. Thurow , and S. Stirm . 1973 . A bacteriophage-induced depolymerase active on Klebsiella Kll capsular polysaccharide . Virology 56 : 134 - 151 . (10.1016/0042-6822(73)90293-6) / Virology / A bacteriophage-induced depolymerase active on Klebsiella Kll capsular polysaccharide by Bessler W. (1973)
  6. Burrows , M. R. , R. Sellwood , and R. A. Gibbons . 1976 . Haemagglutinating and adhesive properties associated with the K99 antigen of bovine strains of Escherichia coli . J. Gen. Microbiol. 96 : 269 - 275 . (10.1099/00221287-96-2-269) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / Haemagglutinating and adhesive properties associated with the K99 antigen of bovine strains of Escherichia coli by Burrows M. R. (1976)
  7. Cagle , G. D. 1975 . Fine structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding selected anerobic bacteria . Can. J. Micribiol. 21 : 395 - 408 . (10.1139/m75-055) / Can. J. Micribiol. / Fine structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding selected anerobic bacteria by Cagle G. D. (1975)
  8. Cagle , G. D. , R. M. Pfister , and G. R. Vela . 1972 . Improved staining of extracellular polymer for electron microscopy: examination of Azobacteria , Zoogloea, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus. Appl. Microbiol. 24 : 477 - 488 . (10.1128/am.24.3.477-487.1972) / Zoogloea, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus. Appl. Microbiol. / Improved staining of extracellular polymer for electron microscopy: examination of Azobacteria by Cagle G. D. (1972)
  9. Choy , Y. - M. , F. Fehmel , N. Frank , and S. Stirm . 1975 . Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VI. Primary structure of the bacteriophage 29 receptors, the E. coli serotype 29 capsular polysaccharide . J. Virol. 16 : 581 - 590 . (10.1128/jvi.16.3.581-590.1975) / J. Virol. / Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VI. Primary structure of the bacteriophage 29 receptors, the E. coli serotype 29 capsular polysaccharide by Choy Y. (1975)
  10. Clark , A. W. , and D. Branton . 1968 . Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina . Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 91 : 586 - 603 . (10.1007/BF00455276) / Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. / Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina by Clark A. W. (1968)
  11. Colvin , J. R. , and M. Beer . 1960 . The formation of cellulose microfibroids in suspensions of Acetobacter xylinum . Can. J. Microbiol. 6 : 631 - 637 . (10.1139/m60-075) / Can. J. Microbiol. / The formation of cellulose microfibroids in suspensions of Acetobacter xylinum by Colvin J. R. (1960)
  12. Costerton , J. W. , H. N. Damgaard , and K. J. Cheng . 1974 . Cell envelope morphology of rumen bacteria . J. Bacteriol. 118 : 1132 - 1143 . (10.1128/jb.118.3.1132-1143.1974) / J. Bacteriol. / Cell envelope morphology of rumen bacteria by Costerton J. W. (1974)
  13. Cota-Robles , E. 1963 . Electron microscopy of plasmolysis in Escherichia J . Bacteriol. 85 : 499 - 503 . (10.1128/jb.85.3.499-503.1963) / Bacteriol. / Electron microscopy of plasmolysis in Escherichia J by Cota-Robles E. (1963)
  14. Creech , H. J. , R. K. Preston , R. M. Peck , and A. P. O'Connell . 1972 . Anti-tumor and mutagenic properties of a variety of hetero-cyclic nitrogen and sulfur mustards . J. Med. Chem. 15 : 739 - 746 . (10.1021/jm00277a011) / J. Med. Chem. / Anti-tumor and mutagenic properties of a variety of hetero-cyclic nitrogen and sulfur mustards by Creech H. J. (1972)
  15. Draper , P. , and R. J. W. Rees . 1973 . The nature of the electron transparent zone that surrounds mycobacterium lepraemurium inside host cells . J. Gen. Microbiol. 77 : 79 - 87 . (10.1099/00221287-77-1-79) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The nature of the electron transparent zone that surrounds mycobacterium lepraemurium inside host cells by Draper P. (1973)
  16. Dubois , M. , K. A. Gilles , J. K. Hamilton , P. Rebers , and F. Smith . 1956 . Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances . Anal. Chem. 28 : 350 - 356 . (10.1021/ac60111a017) / Anal. Chem. / Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances by Dubois M. (1956)
  17. Fehmel , F. , U. Feige , H. Niemann , and S. Stirm . 1975 . Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions . J. Virol. 16 : 591 - 601 . (10.1128/jvi.16.3.591-601.1975) / J. Virol. / Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions by Fehmel F. (1975)
  18. Fletcher , M. , and G. D. Floodgate . 1973 . An electron microscope demonstration of an acidic polysaccharide involved in the adhesion of a marine bacterium to solid surfaces . J. Gen. Microbiol. 74 : 325 - 344 . (10.1099/00221287-74-2-325) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / An electron microscope demonstration of an acidic polysaccharide involved in the adhesion of a marine bacterium to solid surfaces by Fletcher M. (1973)
  19. Gautier , A. R. , M. Schreyer , R. Cogliati , and J. Fakanova . 1971 . " Shiff-type " - electron stains in ultrastructural cytochemistry. Experientia 27 : 735 . / Experientia / Shiff-type by Gautier A. R. (1971)
  20. Gibbons , R. J. , and P. H. Keyes . 1969 . Inhibition of insoluble dextran synthesis, plaque formation and dental caries in hamsters by low molecular weight dextran . Arch. Oral Biol. 14 : 721 - 724 . (10.1016/0003-9969(69)90193-9) / Arch. Oral Biol. / Inhibition of insoluble dextran synthesis, plaque formation and dental caries in hamsters by low molecular weight dextran by Gibbons R. J. (1969)
  21. Grant , W. D. , I. W. Sutherland , and J. F. Wilkinson . 1969 . Exopolysaccharide colanic acid and its occurrence in the enterobacteriaceae . J. Bacteriol. 100 : 1187 - 1193 . (10.1128/jb.100.3.1187-1193.1969) / J. Bacteriol. / Exopolysaccharide colanic acid and its occurrence in the enterobacteriaceae by Grant W. D. (1969)
  22. Hanke , D. E. , and D. H. Northcote . 1975 . Molecular visualization of pectin and DNA by ruthenium red . Biopolymers 14 : 1 - 17 . (10.1002/bip.1975.360140102) / Biopolymers / Molecular visualization of pectin and DNA by ruthenium red by Hanke D. E. (1975)
  23. Heidelberger , M. , F. E. Kendall , and H. W. Scherp . 1936 . The specific polysaccharides of types I, II and III pneumococcus . J. Exp. Med. 64 : 577 - 584 . (10.1084/jem.64.4.559) / J. Exp. Med. / The specific polysaccharides of types I, II and III pneumococcus by Heidelberger M. (1936)
  24. Hsu K. C. and S. S. Breese. 1971. Techniques of ferritin-tagged antibodies. In N. Maramorosch and H. Koprowski (ed.) Methods in virology vol. 5. Academic Press Inc. New York.
  25. Hungerer , D. , K. Jann , B. Jann , F. 0rskov, and I. 0rskov. 1967 . Immunochemistry of K-antigens of Escherichia coli. IV. The K-antigen of E. coli 09:K30:H12 . Eur. J. Biochem. 2 : 115 - 126 . (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1967.tb00115.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. / Immunochemistry of K-antigens of Escherichia coli. IV. The K-antigen of E. coli 09:K30:H12 by Hungerer D. (1967)
  26. Jann , K. , B. Jann , F. Orskov , and I. 0rskov. 1966 . Immunochemische Untersuchungen and K-Antigenen von Escherichia coli. III. Isolierung und Untersuchung der chemischen Struktur des sauren Polysaccharids aus E. coli 0141:K85(B):H4 (K85-Antigen) . Biochem. Z. 346 : 368 - 385 . / Biochem. Z. / Immunochemische Untersuchungen and K-Antigenen von Escherichia coli. III. Isolierung und Untersuchung der chemischen Struktur des sauren Polysaccharids aus E. coli 0141:K85(B):H4 (K85-Antigen) by Jann K. (1966)
  27. Jann , K. , B. Jann , F. 0rskov, I. Orskov , and 0. Westphal . 1965 . Immunchemische Untersuchungen an KAntigenen von Escherichia coli. II. Das K-Antigen von E. coli 08:K42(A):H- . Biochem. Z. 342 : 1 - 22 . / Biochem. Z. / Immunchemische Untersuchungen an KAntigenen von Escherichia coli. II. Das K-Antigen von E. coli 08:K42(A):H- by Jann K. (1965)
  28. Jones , H. C. , J. C. Roth , and W. M. Sanders . 1969 . Electron microscopic studies of a slime layer . J. Bacteriol. 99 : 316 - 325 . (10.1128/jb.99.1.316-325.1969) / J. Bacteriol. / Electron microscopic studies of a slime layer by Jones H. C. (1969)
  29. Kaiser , G. E. , and M. J. Starzyk . 1973 . Ultrastructure and cell division of an oral bacterium resembling Alysiella filiformis . Can. J. Microbiol. 19 : 325 - 327 . (10.1139/m73-054) / Can. J. Microbiol. / Ultrastructure and cell division of an oral bacterium resembling Alysiella filiformis by Kaiser G. E. (1973)
  30. Kauffmann , F. 1944 . Zur Serologie der Coli-Gruppe . Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 21 : 20 - 45 . (10.1111/j.1699-0463.1944.tb00031.x) / Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. / Zur Serologie der Coli-Gruppe by Kauffmann F. (1944)
  31. Kauffman F. 1969. The bacteriology of enterobacteriaceae. 2nd ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore.
  32. Kelstrup , J. , and T. D. Funder-Nielsen . 1972 . Molecular interactions between the extracellular polysaccharides of streptococcus mutants . Arch. Oral Biol. 17 : 1659 - 1670 . (10.1016/0003-9969(72)90228-2) / Arch. Oral Biol. / Molecular interactions between the extracellular polysaccharides of streptococcus mutants by Kelstrup J. (1972)
  33. Klein , P. , and W. R. Adams . 1972 . Location of ferritinlabeled concanavalin A zinding to influenza virus and tumor cell surfaces . J. Virol. 10 : 844 - 854 . (10.1128/jvi.10.4.844-854.1972) / J. Virol. / Location of ferritinlabeled concanavalin A zinding to influenza virus and tumor cell surfaces by Klein P. (1972)
  34. Kleinschmidt A. K. 1968. Monolayer techniques in electron microscopy of nucleic acid molecules p. 361-379. In L. Crossman and K. Moldave (ed.) Methods in enzymology vol. 12 part B. Academic Press Inc. New York. (10.1016/0076-6879(67)12150-2)
  35. Kleinschmidt , A. K. , and R. K. Zahn . 1959 . Ober Desoxyribonukleinsaure Molekeln in Protein Mischfilmen . Z. Naturforsch. Teil B. 14 : 770 - 779 . (10.1515/znb-1959-1206) / Z. Naturforsch. Teil B. / Ober Desoxyribonukleinsaure Molekeln in Protein Mischfilmen by Kleinschmidt A. K. (1959)
  36. Labaw , L. L. , and V. M. Mosley . 1954 . Demonstration of striated fibers in the capsule of the Lisbonne strain lysogenic Escherichia coli . J. Bacteriol. 67 : 576 - 584 . (10.1128/jb.67.5.576-584.1954) / J. Bacteriol. / Demonstration of striated fibers in the capsule of the Lisbonne strain lysogenic Escherichia coli by Labaw L. L. (1954)
  37. Lindberg , A. 1973 . Bacteriophage receptors. Annu . Rev. Microbiol. 27 : 205 - 241 . (10.1146/annurev.mi.27.100173.001225) / Rev. Microbiol. / Bacteriophage receptors. Annu by Lindberg A. (1973)
  38. Lonngren , J. , and A. Pilotti . 1971 . Gas liquid chromatography of partially methylated alditols as their acetates . II. Acta Chem. Scand. 25 : 1144 - 1145 . (10.3891/acta.chem.scand.25-1144) / II. Acta Chem. Scand. / Gas liquid chromatography of partially methylated alditols as their acetates by Lonngren J. (1971)
  39. Luderitz , O. , K. Jann , and R. Wheat . 1968 . Somatic and capsular antigens of gram-negative bacteria . Compr. Biochem. 26A : 105 - 228 . / Compr. Biochem. / Somatic and capsular antigens of gram-negative bacteria by Luderitz O. (1968)
  40. Luft , J. H. 1966 . Ruthenium red staining of the striated muscle cell membrane and the myotendinal junction. Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Electron Microsc. Jpn. 2 : 65 . / Int. Congr. Electron Microsc. Jpn. / Ruthenium red staining of the striated muscle cell membrane and the myotendinal junction. Proc. 6th by Luft J. H. (1966)
  41. Meyer , H. W. , and H. Winkelmann . 1972 . Ober die Anordnung der Membran-proteine nach Untersuchungen mit der Gefrieratzung an isolierten Erythrozytenmembranen . Protoplasma 75 : 255 - 284 . (10.1007/BF01279819) / Protoplasma / Ober die Anordnung der Membran-proteine nach Untersuchungen mit der Gefrieratzung an isolierten Erythrozytenmembranen by Meyer H. W. (1972)
  42. Mollenhauer , H. H. 1964 . Plastic embedding mixtures for use in electron microscopy . Stain Technol. 39 : 11 - 49 . / Stain Technol. / Plastic embedding mixtures for use in electron microscopy by Mollenhauer H. H. (1964)
  43. Moorhouse , R. , W. T. Winter , S. Arnott , and M. E. Bayer . 1977 . Conformation and molecular organization of fibers of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli M41 mutant . J. Mol. Biol. 109 : 373 - 391 . (10.1016/S0022-2836(77)80018-1) / J. Mol. Biol. / Conformation and molecular organization of fibers of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli M41 mutant by Moorhouse R. (1977)
  44. Mudd , S. , F. Heinmets , and T. F. Anderson . 1943 . The pneumococcal capsular swelling reaction, studied with the aid of the electron microscopy . J. Exp. Med. 78 : 327 - 332 . (10.1084/jem.78.5.327) / J. Exp. Med. / The pneumococcal capsular swelling reaction, studied with the aid of the electron microscopy by Mudd S. (1943)
  45. Muhlradt , P. , J. Menzel , J. R. Golecki , and V. Speth . 1973 . Outer membrane of Salmonella. Sites of export of newly synthesized lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial surface . Eur. J. Biochem. 35 : 471 - 481 . (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02861.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. / Outer membrane of Salmonella. Sites of export of newly synthesized lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial surface by Muhlradt P. (1973)
  46. Nanninga , N. 1970 . Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli B after freeze-etching . J. Bacteriol. 101 : 297 - 303 . (10.1128/jb.101.1.297-303.1970) / J. Bacteriol. / Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli B after freeze-etching by Nanninga N. (1970)
  47. Neufeld , F. 1902 . Ueber die Agglutination der Pneumokokken und uber die Theorieen der Agglutination . Z. fur Infektionskrankheiten. Parasitiire Krankheiten und Hygiene der Haustiere 40 : 54 - 72 . (10.1007/BF02140530) / Z. fur Infektionskrankheiten. Parasitiire Krankheiten und Hygiene der Haustiere / Ueber die Agglutination der Pneumokokken und uber die Theorieen der Agglutination by Neufeld F. (1902)
  48. Nhan , L. B. , B. Jann , and K. Jann . 1971 . Immunochemistry of K-antigens ofEscherichia coli 09:K29(A):H- . Eur. J. Biochem. 21 : 226 - 234 . (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01460.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. / Immunochemistry of K-antigens ofEscherichia coli 09:K29(A):H- by Nhan L. B. (1971)
  49. Orskov , I. , F. Orskov , B. Jann , and K. Jann . 1963 . Acidic polysaccharide antigens of a new type from E. coli capsules . Nature (London) 200 : 144 - 146 . (10.1038/200144a0) / Nature (London) / Acidic polysaccharide antigens of a new type from E. coli capsules by Orskov I. (1963)
  50. Ouchterlony , 0. 1958 . Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis . Prog. Allergy 5 : 1 - 43 . / Prog. Allergy / Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis by Ouchterlony 0. (1958)
  51. Reynolds , E. S. 1963 . The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron spaque stain in electron microscopy . J. Cell. Biol. 17 : 208 - 212 . (10.1083/jcb.17.1.208) / J. Cell. Biol. / The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron spaque stain in electron microscopy by Reynolds E. S. (1963)
  52. Roger , D. H. 1896 . Les Infections non Bacteri 6nnes . Rev. Gen. Sci. Appl. 7 : 770 - 775 . / Rev. Gen. Sci. Appl. / Les Infections non Bacteri 6nnes by Roger D. H. (1896)
  53. Rosenberg , L. , W. Hellmann , and A. Kleinschmidt . 1975 . Electron microscopic studies of proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage . J. Biol. Chem. 250 : 1877 - 1883 . (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41776-6) / J. Biol. Chem. / Electron microscopic studies of proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage by Rosenberg L. (1975)
  54. Schmidt , G. 1972 . Basalstrukturen von Lipopolysacchariden verschiedener Enterobacteriaceen. Genetische und serologische Untersuchungen an R-Mutaten . Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1: Orig. Reihe A A220 : 472 - 476 . / Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1: Orig. Reihe A / Basalstrukturen von Lipopolysacchariden verschiedener Enterobacteriaceen. Genetische und serologische Untersuchungen an R-Mutaten by Schmidt G. (1972)
  55. Scott , J. E. 1960 . Aliphatic ammonium salts in the assay of acidic polysaccharides from tissues . Methods Biochem. Anal. 8 : 145 - 197 . (10.1002/9780470110249.ch4) / Methods Biochem. Anal. / Aliphatic ammonium salts in the assay of acidic polysaccharides from tissues by Scott J. E. (1960)
  56. Springer , L. , and I. L. Roth . 1973 a. The ultrastructure of the capsules of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella penumoniae stained with ruthenium red . J. Gen. Microbiol. 74 : 21 - 31 . (10.1099/00221287-74-1-21) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The ultrastructure of the capsules of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella penumoniae stained with ruthenium red by Springer L. (1973)
  57. Springer , L. , and I. L. Roth . 1973 b. Ultrastructure of the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae and slime of Enterobacter aerogenes revealed by freeze-etching . Arch. Mikrobiol. 93 : 277 - 286 . (10.1007/BF00427925) / Arch. Mikrobiol. / Ultrastructure of the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae and slime of Enterobacter aerogenes revealed by freeze-etching by Springer L. (1973)
  58. Stirm , S. , W. Bessler , F. Fehmel , and E. Freund-Molbert . 1971 . Bacteriophage particles with endoglycosidase activity . J. Virol. 8 : 343 - 346 . (10.1128/jvi.8.3.343-346.1971) / J. Virol. / Bacteriophage particles with endoglycosidase activity by Stirm S. (1971)
  59. Stirm , S. , W. Bessler , F. Fehmel , E. Freund-Molbert , and H. Thurow . 1971 . Isolation of spike-formed particles from bacteriophage Iysates . Virology 45 : 303 - 308 . (10.1016/0042-6822(71)90138-3) / Virology / Isolation of spike-formed particles from bacteriophage Iysates by Stirm S. (1971)
  60. Stirm , S. , and E. Freund-Molbert . 1971 . Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages . II. Morphology. J. Virol. 8 : 330 - 342 . / II. Morphology. J. Virol. / Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages by Stirm S. (1971)
  61. Stirm , S. , F. Orskov , I. 0rskov, and A. Birch-Andersen . 1967 . Episome-carried surface antigen K88 of Escherichia coli . III. Morphology. J. Bacteriol. 93 : 740 - 748 . / III. Morphology. J. Bacteriol. / Episome-carried surface antigen K88 of Escherichia coli by Stirm S. (1967)
  62. Taylor , K. 1966 . Physical and chemical changes of Vipolysaccharide due to Vi-phage II action . Acta Biochim. Pol. 13 : 97 - 106 . / Acta Biochim. Pol. / Physical and chemical changes of Vipolysaccharide due to Vi-phage II action by Taylor K. (1966)
  63. Thurow , H. , H. Niemann , C. Rudolph , and S. Stirm . 1974 . Host capsule depolymerase activity of bacteriophage particles active on Klebsiella K 20 and K 24 strains . Virology 58 : 306 - 309 . (10.1016/0042-6822(74)90166-4) / Virology / Host capsule depolymerase activity of bacteriophage particles active on Klebsiella K 20 and K 24 strains by Thurow H. (1974)
  64. Wellauer , P. , and R. Weber . 1971 . A structure resembling proteinpolysaccharide complexes in preparations of mitochondrial DNA from mouse liver . Experientia 27 : 1171 - 1173 . (10.1007/BF02286907) / Experientia / A structure resembling proteinpolysaccharide complexes in preparations of mitochondrial DNA from mouse liver by Wellauer P. (1971)
  65. Westphal O. and K. Jann. 1965. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure p. 83-91. In R. L. Whistler (ed.). Methods in carbohydrate chemistry vol. 5. Academic Press Inc. New York and London.
  66. Wilkinson , J. F. 1958 . The extracellular polysaccharides of bacteria . Bacteriol. Rev. 22 : 46 - 73 . (10.1128/br.22.1.46-73.1958) / Bacteriol. Rev. / The extracellular polysaccharides of bacteria by Wilkinson J. F. (1958)
  67. Wilkinson , J. F. , J. P. Duguid , and P. N. Edmunds . 1954 . The distribution ofpolysaccharide production in Aerobacter and Escherichia strains and its relation to antigenic characters . J. Gen. Microbiol. 11 : 59 - 72 . (10.1099/00221287-11-1-59) / J. Gen. Microbiol. / The distribution ofpolysaccharide production in Aerobacter and Escherichia strains and its relation to antigenic characters by Wilkinson J. F. (1954)
Dates
Type When
Created 5 years, 8 months ago (Jan. 3, 2020, 11:15 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2023, 1:40 p.m.)
Indexed 1 year ago (Sept. 4, 2024, 9:58 p.m.)
Issued 48 years, 4 months ago (May 1, 1977)
Published 48 years, 4 months ago (May 1, 1977)
Published Print 48 years, 4 months ago (May 1, 1977)
Funders 0

None

@article{Bayer_1977, title={Polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli: microscope study of its size, structure, and sites of synthesis}, volume={130}, ISSN={1098-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.130.2.911-936.1977}, DOI={10.1128/jb.130.2.911-936.1977}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Bacteriology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Bayer, M E and Thurow, H}, year={1977}, month=may, pages={911–936} }