DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.2.1145-1150.2004. Disinfection of Contaminated Water by Using Solar Irradiation

Disinfection of Contaminated Water by Using Solar Irradiation

10.1128/aem.70.2.1145-1150.2004

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Microbiology

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (235)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Contaminated water causes an estimated 6 to 60 billion cases of gastrointestinal illness annually. The majority of these cases occur in rural areas of developing nations where the water supply remains polluted and adequate sanitation is unavailable. A portable, low-cost, and low-maintenance solar unit to disinfect unpotable water has been designed and tested. The solar disinfection unit was tested with both river water and partially processed water from two wastewater treatment plants. In less than 30 min in midday sunlight, the unit eradicated more than 4 log 10 U (99.99%) of bacteria contained in highly contaminated water samples. The solar disinfection unit has been field tested by Centro Panamericano de Ingenieria Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente in Lima, Peru. At moderate light intensity, the solar disinfection unit was capable of reducing the bacterial load in a controlled contaminated water sample by 4 log 10 U and disinfected approximately 1 liter of water in 30 min.

Bibliography

Caslake, L. F., Connolly, D. J., Menon, V., Duncanson, C. M., Rojas, R., & Tavakoli, J. (2004). Disinfection of Contaminated Water by Using Solar Irradiation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(2), 1145â1151.

Authors 6

Laurie F. Caslake (first)
Daniel J. Connolly (additional)
Vilas Menon (additional)
Catriona M. Duncanson (additional)
Ricardo Rojas (additional)
Javad Tavakoli (additional)

References 25 Referenced 77

10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00000-0
Acra A. M. Jurdi H. Mu'allem Y. Karahagopian and Z. Raffoul. 1990. Water disinfection by solar radiation. Assessment and application. IDRC-TS66e. International Development Research Centre Ottawa Canada.
Bunce N. J. 1991. Environmental chemistry p. 183-214. Wuerz Publishing Ltd. Winnipeg Canada.
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb06796.x
10.1128/aem.47.2.223-228.1984
Clesceri L. S. A. E. Greenberg and A. D. Eaton (ed.). 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 20th ed. American Public Health Association Washington D.C.
Connolly D. C. M. Duncanson V. Menon J. Tavakoli L. F. Caslake S. Caporali and R. Rojas. 2001. Proceedings of the 3rd NSF International Symposium on Small Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems p. 655-661. NSF International Ann Arbor Mich.
10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02309-4
10.1128/aem.60.6.2049-2058.1994
Gloyna E. F. 1971. Waste stabilization ponds. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland.
10.1016/0048-9697(86)90264-0
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1975.tb06724.x
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07279.x
Jagger J. 1985. Solar-UV actions on living cells. Praeger Publishers New York N.Y.
10.1128/aem.62.2.399-402.1996
Malik M. A. S. G. N. Tiwari A. Kumar and M. S. Sodha. 1982. Solar distillation: a practical study of a wide range of stills and their optimum design construction and performance. Pergamon Press Oxford United Kingdom.
10.1524/zpch.1999.212.Part_2.207
Public Health Laboratory Service. 1982. The bacteriological examination of drinking water supplies. Department of the Environment Department of Health and Social Security London United Kingdom.
10.1128/AEM.65.2.859-861.1999
10.1128/AEM.65.8.3605-3613.1999
10.1128/AEM.68.3.1122-1131.2002
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb06835.x
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Ultraviolet light disinfection technology in drinking water application: an overview. EPA 811-R-96-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C.
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb02632.x
Wegelin, M., S. Canonica, K. Mechsner, T. Fleischmann, F. Pesaro, and A. Metzler. 1994. Solar water disinfection: scope of the process and analysis of radiation experiments. J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA43:154-169. / J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA (1994)

Dates

Type	When
Created	21 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 6, 2004, 12:48 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 23, 2022, 9:44 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 1 week ago (July 19, 2025, 11:52 p.m.)
Issued	21 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004)
Published	21 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004)
Published Print	21 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2004)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Caslake_2004, title={Disinfection of Contaminated Water by Using Solar Irradiation}, volume={70}, ISSN={1098-5336}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.1145-1150.2004}, DOI={10.1128/aem.70.2.1145-1150.2004}, number={2}, journal={Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Caslake, Laurie F. and Connolly, Daniel J. and Menon, Vilas and Duncanson, Catriona M. and Rojas, Ricardo and Tavakoli, Javad}, year={2004}, month=feb, pages={1145–1151} }

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