DOI: 10.1126/science.8424173. Altered Specificity of DNA-Binding Proteins with Transition Metal Dimerization Domains

Altered Specificity of DNA-Binding Proteins with Transition Metal Dimerization Domains

10.1126/science.8424173

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The bZIP motif is characterized by a leucine zipper domain that mediates dimerization and a basic domain that contacts DNA. A series of transition metal dimerization domains were used to alter systematically the relative orientation of basic domain peptides. Both the affinity and the specificity of the peptide-DNA interaction depend on domain orientation. These results indicate that the precise configuration linking the domains is important; dimerization is not always sufficient for DNA binding. This approach to studying the effect of orientation on protein function complements mutagenesis and could be used in many systems.

Bibliography

Cuenoud, B., & Schepartz, A. (1993). Altered Specificity of DNA-Binding Proteins with Transition Metal Dimerization Domains. Science, 259(5094), 510â513.

Authors 2

Bernard Cuenoud (first)
Alanna Schepartz (additional)

References 60 Referenced 118

10.1126/science.2530632
BLATTER, E.E., IDENTIFICATION OF AN AMINO ACID-BASE CONTACT IN THE GCN4-DNA COMPLEX BY BROMOURACIL-MEDIATED PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING, NATURE 359: 650 (1992). (10.1038/359650a0) / NATURE (1992)
BUSCH, S.J., DIMERS, LEUCINE ZIPPERS AND DNA-BINDING DOMAINS, TRENDS IN GENETICS 6: 36 (1990). (10.1016/0168-9525(90)90071-D) / TRENDS IN GENETICS (1990)
Cuenoud, B., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90: 1154 (1993). / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (1993)
CUENOUD, B, TETRAHEDRON LETTERS 32: 3325 (1991). (10.1016/S0040-4039(00)92697-2) / TETRAHEDRON LETTERS (1991)
CUENOUD B unpublished data.
10.1126/science.2464850
Devore J. L. Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (1987).
Fasman G. Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1 (1975).
10.1093/nar/9.23.6505
GALAS, D.J., DNAASE FOOTPRINTING - SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF PROTEIN-DNA BINDING SPECIFICITY, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 5: 3157 (1978). (10.1093/nar/5.9.3157) / NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (1978)
10.1093/nar/9.13.3047
GARTENBERG, M.R., MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GCN4-DNA COMPLEX, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87: 6034 (1990). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1990)
10.1126/science.2494702
GHADIRI, M.R., A CONVERGENT APPROACH TO PROTEIN DESIGN - METAL ION-ASSISTED SPONTANEOUS SELF-ASSEMBLY OF A POLYPEPTIDE INTO A TRIPLE-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 114: 825 (1992). (10.1021/ja00029a004) / JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (1992)
GUTTE, B, DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A 34-RESIDUE POLYPEPTIDE THAT INTERACTS WITH NUCLEIC-ACIDS, NATURE 281: 650 (1979). (10.1038/281650a0) / NATURE (1979)
HAI, T, A FAMILY OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT INCLUDES MULTIPLE FORMS OF ATF AND AP-1, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 1216 (1988). (10.1101/gad.2.10.1216) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1988)
HAI, T.W., TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ATF CDNA CLONES - AN EXTENSIVE FAMILY OF LEUCINE ZIPPER PROTEINS ABLE TO SELECTIVELY FORM DNA-BINDING HETERODIMERS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 2083 (1989). (10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1989)
10.1126/science.3532321
10.1016/0092-8674(85)90022-4
HOPE, I.A., FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION OF A EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, GCN4 OF YEAST, CELL 46: 885 (1986). (10.1016/0092-8674(86)90070-X) / CELL (1986)
HOPE, I.A., GCN4, A EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, BINDS AS A DIMER TO TARGET DNA, EMBO JOURNAL 6: 2781 (1987). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02573.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1987)
10.1126/science.2147779
JONES, M.W., BINDING OF ALKALI-METAL CATIONS BY SELF-ASSEMBLING IONOPHORE COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II), INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 31: 1308 (1992). (10.1021/ic00033a036) / INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1992)
KAISER, E.T., DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE PEPTIDES, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 12: 305 (1987). (10.1016/0968-0004(87)90147-2) / TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES (1987)
KERPPOLA, T.K., FOS-JUN HETERODIMERS AND JUN HOMODIMERS BEND DNA IN OPPOSITE ORIENTATIONS - IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR COOPERATIVITY, CELL 66: 317 (1991). (10.1016/0092-8674(91)90621-5) / CELL (1991)
10.1126/science.1957173
KOUZARIDES, T, LEUCINE ZIPPERS OF FOS, JUN AND GCN4 DICTATE DIMERIZATION SPECIFICITY AND THEREBY CONTROL DNA-BINDING, NATURE 340: 568 (1989). (10.1038/340568a0) / NATURE (1989)
10.1126/science.3289117
10.1126/science.2494700
LIEBERMAN, M, IRON(II) ORGANIZES A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE INTO 3-HELIX BUNDLES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 113: 1470 (1991). (10.1021/ja00004a090) / JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (1991)
Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (1982).
MAVROTHALASSITIS, G, DEFINING TARGET SEQUENCES OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS BY RANDOM SELECTION AND PCR - DETERMINATION OF THE GCN4 BINDING SEQUENCE REPERTOIRE, DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY 9: 783 (1990). (10.1089/dna.1990.9.783) / DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY (1990)
MORGAN, G.T., J CHEM SOC 134: 20 (1932). / J CHEM SOC (1932)
MUTTER, M, A CHEMICAL APPROACH TO PROTEIN DESIGN - TEMPLATE-ASSEMBLED SYNTHETIC PROTEINS (TASP), ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH 28: 535 (1989). (10.1002/anie.198905353) / ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH (1989)
10.1126/science.2111578
OAS, T.G., SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF A LEUCINE ZIPPER DETERMINED BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY, BIOCHEMISTRY 29: 2891 (1990). (10.1021/bi00464a001) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1990)
OLIPHANT, A.R., DEFINING THE SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS BY SELECTING BINDING-SITES FROM RANDOM-SEQUENCE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - ANALYSIS OF YEAST GCN4 PROTEIN, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 9: 2944 (1989). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1989)
ONEIL, K.T., DNA-INDUCED INCREASE IN THE ALPHA-HELICAL CONTENT OF C/EBP AND GCN4, BIOCHEMISTRY 30: 9030 (1991). (10.1021/bi00101a017) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1991)
10.1126/science.2389143
10.1126/science.1948029
PU, W.T., HIGHLY CONSERVED RESIDUES IN THE BZIP DOMAIN OF YEAST GCN4 ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FOR DNA-BINDING, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 11: 4918 (1991). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1991)
PU, W.T., THE LEUCINE ZIPPER SYMMETRICALLY POSITIONS THE ADJACENT BASIC REGIONS FOR SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 6901 (1991). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1991)
RANSONE, L.J., FOS-JUN INTERACTION - MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEUCINE ZIPPER DOMAIN OF BOTH PROTEINS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 770 (1989). (10.1101/gad.3.6.770) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1989)
RASMUSSEN, R, X-RAY-SCATTERING INDICATES THAT THE LEUCINE ZIPPER IS A COILED COIL, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 561 (1991). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1991)
RICHARDSON, J.S., THE DENOVO DESIGN OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 14: 304 (1989). (10.1016/0968-0004(89)90070-4) / TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES (1989)
SAUDEK, V, THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF A LEUCINE-ZIPPER MOTIF PEPTIDE, PROTEIN ENGINEERING 4: 519 (1991). (10.1093/protein/4.5.519) / PROTEIN ENGINEERING (1991)
SCHEPARTZ, A, SELF-ASSEMBLING IONOPHORES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 111: 5976 (1989). (10.1021/ja00197a088) / JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (1989)
SCHUERMANN, M, THE LEUCINE REPEAT MOTIF IN FOS PROTEIN MEDIATES COMPLEX-FORMATION WITH JUN AP-1 AND IS REQUIRED FOR TRANSFORMATION, CELL 56: 507 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90253-5) / CELL (1989)
SELLERS, J.W., MUTATIONS THAT DEFINE THE OPTIMAL HALF-SITE FOR BINDING YEAST GCN4 ACTIVATOR PROTEIN AND IDENTIFY AN ATF/CREB-LIKE REPRESSOR THAT RECOGNIZES SIMILAR DNA SITES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 10: 5077 (1990). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1990)
SELLERS, J.W., CHANGING FOS ONCOPROTEIN TO A JUN-INDEPENDENT DNA-BINDING PROTEIN WITH GCN4 DIMERIZATION SPECIFICITY BY SWAPPING LEUCINE ZIPPERS, NATURE 341: 74 (1989). (10.1038/341074a0) / NATURE (1989)
10.1126/science.2202050
SMEAL, T, DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMATION OF JUN JUN AND JUN FOS COMPLEXES, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 2091 (1989). (10.1101/gad.3.12b.2091) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1989)
TALANIAN, R.V., MINIMUM LENGTH OF A SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PEPTIDE, BIOCHEMISTRY 31: 6871 (1992). (10.1021/bi00145a002) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1992)
10.1126/science.2389142
10.1126/science.2494701
TZAMARIAS, D, MUTATIONS IN THE BZIP DOMAIN OF YEAST GCN4 THAT ALTER DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 2007 (1992). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1992)
10.1126/science.2683088
WEISS, M.A., THERMAL UNFOLDING STUDIES OF A LEUCINE ZIPPER DOMAIN AND ITS SPECIFIC DNA COMPLEX - IMPLICATIONS FOR SCISSORS GRIP RECOGNITION, BIOCHEMISTRY 29: 8020 (1990). (10.1021/bi00487a004) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1990)
WEISS, M.A., FOLDING TRANSITION IN THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF GCN4 ON SPECIFIC BINDING TO DNA, NATURE 347: 575 (1990). (10.1038/347575a0) / NATURE (1990)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 7:05 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 15, 2024, 5:19 a.m.)
Indexed	3 months ago (June 5, 2025, 7:47 a.m.)
Issued	32 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 22, 1993)
Published	32 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 22, 1993)
Published Print	32 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 22, 1993)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Cuenoud_1993, title={Altered Specificity of DNA-Binding Proteins with Transition Metal Dimerization Domains}, volume={259}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8424173}, DOI={10.1126/science.8424173}, number={5094}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Cuenoud, Bernard and Schepartz, Alanna}, year={1993}, month=jan, pages={510–513} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        6,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-06-05T11:47:45Z",
    "timestamp": 1749124065015
  },
  "reference-count": 60,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5094",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        1,
        22
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The bZIP motif is characterized by a leucine zipper domain that mediates dimerization and a basic domain that contacts DNA. A series of transition metal dimerization domains were used to alter systematically the relative orientation of basic domain peptides. Both the affinity and the specificity of the peptide-DNA interaction depend on domain orientation. These results indicate that the precise configuration linking the domains is important; dimerization is not always sufficient for DNA binding. This approach to studying the effect of orientation on protein function complements mutagenesis and could be used in many systems.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.8424173",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T23:05:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1160089509000
  },
  "page": "510-513",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 118,
  "title": "Altered Specificity of DNA-Binding Proteins with Transition Metal Dimerization Domains",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "259",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Bernard",
      "family": "Cuenoud",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8118."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Alanna",
      "family": "Schepartz",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8118."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2530632"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "650",
      "DOI": "10.1038/359650a0",
      "volume": "359",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "BLATTER, E.E., IDENTIFICATION OF AN AMINO ACID-BASE CONTACT IN THE GCN4-DNA COMPLEX BY BROMOURACIL-MEDIATED PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING, NATURE 359: 650 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "36",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-9525(90)90071-D",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "BUSCH, S.J., DIMERS, LEUCINE ZIPPERS AND DNA-BINDING DOMAINS, TRENDS IN GENETICS 6: 36 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "TRENDS IN GENETICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "1154",
      "volume": "90",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Cuenoud, B., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90: 1154 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3325",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0040-4039(00)92697-2",
      "volume": "32",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "CUENOUD, B, TETRAHEDRON LETTERS 32: 3325 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "TETRAHEDRON LETTERS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "unstructured": "CUENOUD B unpublished data."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2464850"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "unstructured": "Devore J. L. Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (1987)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "unstructured": "Fasman G. Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1 (1975)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/9.23.6505"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3157",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/5.9.3157",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "GALAS, D.J., DNAASE FOOTPRINTING - SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF PROTEIN-DNA BINDING SPECIFICITY, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 5: 3157 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/9.13.3047"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "first-page": "6034",
      "volume": "87",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "GARTENBERG, M.R., MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GCN4-DNA COMPLEX, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87: 6034 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2494702"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "825",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00029a004",
      "volume": "114",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "GHADIRI, M.R., A CONVERGENT APPROACH TO PROTEIN DESIGN - METAL ION-ASSISTED SPONTANEOUS SELF-ASSEMBLY OF A POLYPEPTIDE INTO A TRIPLE-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 114: 825 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "650",
      "DOI": "10.1038/281650a0",
      "volume": "281",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "GUTTE, B, DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A 34-RESIDUE POLYPEPTIDE THAT INTERACTS WITH NUCLEIC-ACIDS, NATURE 281: 650 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1216",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.2.10.1216",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "HAI, T, A FAMILY OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT INCLUDES MULTIPLE FORMS OF ATF AND AP-1, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 1216 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2083",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "HAI, T.W., TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ATF CDNA CLONES - AN EXTENSIVE FAMILY OF LEUCINE ZIPPER PROTEINS ABLE TO SELECTIVELY FORM DNA-BINDING HETERODIMERS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 2083 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.3532321"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(85)90022-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "885",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(86)90070-X",
      "volume": "46",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "HOPE, I.A., FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION OF A EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, GCN4 OF YEAST, CELL 46: 885 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2781",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02573.x",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "HOPE, I.A., GCN4, A EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, BINDS AS A DIMER TO TARGET DNA, EMBO JOURNAL 6: 2781 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2147779"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1308",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ic00033a036",
      "volume": "31",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "JONES, M.W., BINDING OF ALKALI-METAL CATIONS BY SELF-ASSEMBLING IONOPHORE COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II), INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 31: 1308 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "INORGANIC CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "305",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(87)90147-2",
      "volume": "12",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "KAISER, E.T., DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE PEPTIDES, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 12: 305 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "317",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(91)90621-5",
      "volume": "66",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "KERPPOLA, T.K., FOS-JUN HETERODIMERS AND JUN HOMODIMERS BEND DNA IN OPPOSITE ORIENTATIONS - IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR COOPERATIVITY, CELL 66: 317 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1957173"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "568",
      "DOI": "10.1038/340568a0",
      "volume": "340",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "KOUZARIDES, T, LEUCINE ZIPPERS OF FOS, JUN AND GCN4 DICTATE DIMERIZATION SPECIFICITY AND THEREBY CONTROL DNA-BINDING, NATURE 340: 568 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.3289117"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2494700"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1470",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00004a090",
      "volume": "113",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "LIEBERMAN, M, IRON(II) ORGANIZES A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE INTO 3-HELIX BUNDLES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 113: 1470 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "unstructured": "Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (1982)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "783",
      "DOI": "10.1089/dna.1990.9.783",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "MAVROTHALASSITIS, G, DEFINING TARGET SEQUENCES OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS BY RANDOM SELECTION AND PCR - DETERMINATION OF THE GCN4 BINDING SEQUENCE REPERTOIRE, DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY 9: 783 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "first-page": "20",
      "volume": "134",
      "year": "1932",
      "unstructured": "MORGAN, G.T., J CHEM SOC 134: 20 (1932).",
      "journal-title": "J CHEM SOC"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "535",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.198905353",
      "volume": "28",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "MUTTER, M, A CHEMICAL APPROACH TO PROTEIN DESIGN - TEMPLATE-ASSEMBLED SYNTHETIC PROTEINS (TASP), ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH 28: 535 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2111578"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2891",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00464a001",
      "volume": "29",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "OAS, T.G., SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF A LEUCINE ZIPPER DETERMINED BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY, BIOCHEMISTRY 29: 2891 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "first-page": "2944",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "OLIPHANT, A.R., DEFINING THE SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS BY SELECTING BINDING-SITES FROM RANDOM-SEQUENCE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - ANALYSIS OF YEAST GCN4 PROTEIN, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 9: 2944 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9030",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00101a017",
      "volume": "30",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "ONEIL, K.T., DNA-INDUCED INCREASE IN THE ALPHA-HELICAL CONTENT OF C/EBP AND GCN4, BIOCHEMISTRY 30: 9030 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2389143"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_41_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1948029"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_42_1",
      "first-page": "4918",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "PU, W.T., HIGHLY CONSERVED RESIDUES IN THE BZIP DOMAIN OF YEAST GCN4 ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FOR DNA-BINDING, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 11: 4918 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_43_1",
      "first-page": "6901",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "PU, W.T., THE LEUCINE ZIPPER SYMMETRICALLY POSITIONS THE ADJACENT BASIC REGIONS FOR SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 6901 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_44_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "770",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.6.770",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "RANSONE, L.J., FOS-JUN INTERACTION - MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEUCINE ZIPPER DOMAIN OF BOTH PROTEINS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 770 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_45_1",
      "first-page": "561",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "RASMUSSEN, R, X-RAY-SCATTERING INDICATES THAT THE LEUCINE ZIPPER IS A COILED COIL, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 561 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_46_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "304",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(89)90070-4",
      "volume": "14",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "RICHARDSON, J.S., THE DENOVO DESIGN OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 14: 304 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_47_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "519",
      "DOI": "10.1093/protein/4.5.519",
      "volume": "4",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "SAUDEK, V, THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF A LEUCINE-ZIPPER MOTIF PEPTIDE, PROTEIN ENGINEERING 4: 519 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "PROTEIN ENGINEERING"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_48_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5976",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00197a088",
      "volume": "111",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "SCHEPARTZ, A, SELF-ASSEMBLING IONOPHORES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 111: 5976 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_49_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "507",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90253-5",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "SCHUERMANN, M, THE LEUCINE REPEAT MOTIF IN FOS PROTEIN MEDIATES COMPLEX-FORMATION WITH JUN AP-1 AND IS REQUIRED FOR TRANSFORMATION, CELL 56: 507 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_50_1",
      "first-page": "5077",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "SELLERS, J.W., MUTATIONS THAT DEFINE THE OPTIMAL HALF-SITE FOR BINDING YEAST GCN4 ACTIVATOR PROTEIN AND IDENTIFY AN ATF/CREB-LIKE REPRESSOR THAT RECOGNIZES SIMILAR DNA SITES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 10: 5077 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_51_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "74",
      "DOI": "10.1038/341074a0",
      "volume": "341",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "SELLERS, J.W., CHANGING FOS ONCOPROTEIN TO A JUN-INDEPENDENT DNA-BINDING PROTEIN WITH GCN4 DIMERIZATION SPECIFICITY BY SWAPPING LEUCINE ZIPPERS, NATURE 341: 74 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_52_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2202050"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_53_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2091",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.12b.2091",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "SMEAL, T, DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMATION OF JUN JUN AND JUN FOS COMPLEXES, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 2091 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_54_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6871",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00145a002",
      "volume": "31",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "TALANIAN, R.V., MINIMUM LENGTH OF A SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PEPTIDE, BIOCHEMISTRY 31: 6871 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_55_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2389142"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_56_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2494701"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_57_1",
      "first-page": "2007",
      "volume": "89",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "TZAMARIAS, D, MUTATIONS IN THE BZIP DOMAIN OF YEAST GCN4 THAT ALTER DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 2007 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_58_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2683088"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_59_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8020",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00487a004",
      "volume": "29",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "WEISS, M.A., THERMAL UNFOLDING STUDIES OF A LEUCINE ZIPPER DOMAIN AND ITS SPECIFIC DNA COMPLEX - IMPLICATIONS FOR SCISSORS GRIP RECOGNITION, BIOCHEMISTRY 29: 8020 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_60_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "575",
      "DOI": "10.1038/347575a0",
      "volume": "347",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "WEISS, M.A., FOLDING TRANSITION IN THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF GCN4 ON SPECIFIC BINDING TO DNA, NATURE 347: 575 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.8424173",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-15T10:19:19Z",
    "timestamp": 1705313959000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.8424173"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        1,
        22
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 60,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5094",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1993,
          1,
          22
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.8424173"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8424173",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        1,
        22
      ]
    ]
  }
}