DOI: 10.1126/science.8378775. Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation

10.1126/science.8378775

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Interferons induce transcriptional activation through tyrosine phosphorylation of the latent, cytoplasmic transcription factor interferon-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF-3). Growth factors and cytokines were found to use a similar pathway: The 91-kilodalton subunit of ISGF-3 was activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and colony stimulating factor-1. The tyrosine phosphorylated factor acquired DNA binding activity and accumulated in nuclei. Activation required the major sites for autophosphorylation on the EGF receptor that bind Src homology region 2 domain-containing proteins implicated in Ras activation. However, activation of this factor was independent of the normal functioning of Ras.

Bibliography

Silvennoinen, O., Schindler, C., Schlessinger, J., & Levy, D. E. (1993). Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Science, 261(5129), 1736â1739.

Authors 4

Olli Silvennoinen (first)
Christian Schindler (additional)
Joseph Schlessinger (additional)
David E. Levy (additional)

References 47 Referenced 257

10.1126/science.8391166
CHEN, R.H., NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AND REGULATION OF ERK-ENCODED AND RSK-ENCODED PROTEIN-KINASES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 915 (1992). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1992)
CHOU, C.K., HUMAN INSULIN-RECEPTORS MUTATED AT THE ATP-BINDING SITE LACK PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY AND FAIL TO MEDIATE POSTRECEPTOR EFFECTS OF INSULIN, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 262: 1842 (1987). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75716-0) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1987)
DALE, T.C., RAPID ACTIVATION BY INTERFERON-ALPHA OF A LATENT DNA-BINDING PROTEIN PRESENT IN THE CYTOPLASM OF UNTREATED CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 1203 (1989). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1989)
DECKER, S.J., TRANSMEMBRANE SIGNALING BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS LACKING AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION SITES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 268: 9176 (1993). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98330-4) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1993)
DENHERTOG, J, NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN RESPONSE TO EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR OF TRANSFECTED MURINE P19 EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS EXPRESSING HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS, CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION 2: 155 (1991). / CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION (1991)
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90106-M
10.1038/363088a0
GILLE, H, PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR P62TCF BY MAP KINASE STIMULATES TERNARY COMPLEX-FORMATION AT C-FOS PROMOTER, NATURE 358: 414 (1992). (10.1038/358414a0) / NATURE (1992)
GUTCH, M.J., TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IS REQUIRED FOR ACTIVATION OF AN ALPHA-INTERFERON-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 11411 (1992). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1992)
HAYES, T.E., INDUCIBLE BINDING OF A FACTOR TO THE C-FOS REGULATORY REGION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 1272 (1987). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1987)
HILL, C.S., FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF A GROWTH FACTOR-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR COMPLEX, CELL 73: 395 (1993). (10.1016/0092-8674(93)90238-L) / CELL (1993)
KANNO, Y, THE GENOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE MURINE ICSBP GENE REVEALS THE PRESENCE OF THE GAMMA INTERFERON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT, TO WHICH AN ISGF3-ALPHA SUBUNIT (OR SIMILAR) MOLECULE BINDS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 13: 3951 (1993). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1993)
KESSLER, D.S., INTERFERON-ALPHA REGULATES NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION AND DNA-BINDING AFFINITY OF ISGF3, A MULTIMERIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 4: 1753 (1990). (10.1101/gad.4.10.1753) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1990)
10.1126/science.1708916
10.1126/science.8385802
LEVY, D, NEW BIOL 2: 923 (1990). / NEW BIOL (1990)
LEVY, D.E., CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVATION OF ISGF3, THE POSITIVE REGULATOR OF INTERFERON-ALPHA-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPTION, RECONSTITUTED INVITRO, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 1362 (1989). (10.1101/gad.3.9.1362) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1989)
LEVY, D.E., INTERFERON-INDUCED NUCLEAR FACTORS THAT BIND A SHARED PROMOTER ELEMENT CORRELATE WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 383 (1988). (10.1101/gad.2.4.383) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1988)
10.1038/363085a0
LI N unpublished data.
LI, W, THE SH2 AND SH3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING NCK PROTEIN IS ONCOGENIC AND A COMMON TARGET FOR PHOSPHORYLATION BY DIFFERENT SURFACE-RECEPTORS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 5824 (1992). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1992)
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90167-B
10.1016/0092-8674(89)90047-0
10.1038/358681a0
10.1126/science.8503013
MULCAHY, L.S., REQUIREMENT FOR RAS PROTO-ONCOGENE FUNCTION DURING SERUM-STIMULATED GROWTH OF NIH-3T3-CELLS, NATURE 313: 241 (1985). (10.1038/313241a0) / NATURE (1985)
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90170-U
PEARSE, R.N., INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF THE HIGH-AFFINITY FC RECEPTOR FOR IGG REQUIRES ASSEMBLY OF A COMPLEX THAT INCLUDES THE 91-KDA SUBUNIT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF3, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90: 4314 (1993). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1993)
ROUSSEL, M.F., TRANSFORMING POTENTIAL OF THE C-FMS PROTOONCOGENE (CSF-1 RECEPTOR), NATURE 325: 549 (1987). (10.1038/325549a0) / NATURE (1987)
10.1038/360689a0
10.1038/363045a0
SADOWSKI, H.B., CELL-FREE ACTIVATION OF A DNA-BINDING PROTEIN BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR, NATURE 362: 79 (1993). (10.1038/362079a0) / NATURE (1993)
SCHINDLER, C, PROTEINS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF-3 - ONE GENE ENCODES THE 91-KDA AND 84-KDA ISGF-3 PROTEINS THAT ARE ACTIVATED BY INTERFERON-ALPHA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 7836 (1992). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1992)
10.1126/science.1496401
10.1016/0896-6273(92)90177-F
10.1126/science.1281555
SILVENNOINEN O unpublished data.
10.1126/science.8316835
STACEY, D.W., DOMINANT INHIBITORY RAS MUTANTS SELECTIVELY INHIBIT THE ACTIVITY OF EITHER CELLULAR OR ONCOGENIC RAS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 11: 4053 (1991). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1991)
STACEY, D.W., DOMINANT INHIBITORY RAS MUTANTS DEMONSTRATE THE REQUIREMENT FOR RAS ACTIVITY IN THE ACTION OF TYROSINE KINASE ONCOGENES, ONCOGENE 6: 2297 (1991). / ONCOGENE (1991)
10.1016/0092-8674(90)90801-K
UZE, G, GENETIC TRANSFER OF A FUNCTIONAL HUMAN INTERFERON-ALPHA RECEPTOR INTO MOUSE CELLS - CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF ITS CDNA, CELL 60: 225 (1990). (10.1016/0092-8674(90)90738-Z) / CELL (1990)
VEALS, S.A., SUBUNIT OF AN ALPHA-INTERFERON-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IS RELATED TO INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR AND MYB FAMILIES OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 3315 (1992). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1992)
VEALS, S.A., 2 DOMAINS OF ISGF3-GAMMA THAT MEDIATE PROTEIN-DNA AND PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS DURING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ASSEMBLY CONTRIBUTE TO DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 13: 196 (1993). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1993)
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90105-L
WAGNER, B.J., THE SIF BINDING-ELEMENT CONFERS SIS/PDGF INDUCIBILITY ONTO THE C-FOS PROMOTER, EMBO JOURNAL 9: 4477 (1990). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07898.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1990)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 7:05 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 15, 2024, 6:18 a.m.)
Indexed	4 months ago (April 22, 2025, 7:43 p.m.)
Issued	31 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 1993)
Published	31 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 1993)
Published Print	31 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 1993)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Silvennoinen_1993, title={Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation}, volume={261}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8378775}, DOI={10.1126/science.8378775}, number={5129}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Silvennoinen, Olli and Schindler, Christian and Schlessinger, Joseph and Levy, David E.}, year={1993}, month=sep, pages={1736–1739} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        4,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-04-22T23:43:17Z",
    "timestamp": 1745365397122
  },
  "reference-count": 47,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5129",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Interferons induce transcriptional activation through tyrosine phosphorylation of the latent, cytoplasmic transcription factor interferon-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF-3). Growth factors and cytokines were found to use a similar pathway: The 91-kilodalton subunit of ISGF-3 was activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and colony stimulating factor-1. The tyrosine phosphorylated factor acquired DNA binding activity and accumulated in nuclei. Activation required the major sites for autophosphorylation on the EGF receptor that bind Src homology region 2 domain-containing proteins implicated in Ras activation. However, activation of this factor was independent of the normal functioning of Ras.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.8378775",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T23:05:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1160089509000
  },
  "page": "1736-1739",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 257,
  "title": "Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "261",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Olli",
      "family": "Silvennoinen",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Christian",
      "family": "Schindler",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Joseph",
      "family": "Schlessinger",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "David E.",
      "family": "Levy",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8391166"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "first-page": "915",
      "volume": "12",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "CHEN, R.H., NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AND REGULATION OF ERK-ENCODED AND RSK-ENCODED PROTEIN-KINASES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 915 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1842",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75716-0",
      "volume": "262",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "CHOU, C.K., HUMAN INSULIN-RECEPTORS MUTATED AT THE ATP-BINDING SITE LACK PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY AND FAIL TO MEDIATE POSTRECEPTOR EFFECTS OF INSULIN, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 262: 1842 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "1203",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "DALE, T.C., RAPID ACTIVATION BY INTERFERON-ALPHA OF A LATENT DNA-BINDING PROTEIN PRESENT IN THE CYTOPLASM OF UNTREATED CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 1203 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9176",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98330-4",
      "volume": "268",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "DECKER, S.J., TRANSMEMBRANE SIGNALING BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS LACKING AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION SITES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 268: 9176 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "first-page": "155",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "DENHERTOG, J, NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN RESPONSE TO EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR OF TRANSFECTED MURINE P19 EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS EXPRESSING HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS, CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION 2: 155 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90106-M"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/363088a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "414",
      "DOI": "10.1038/358414a0",
      "volume": "358",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "GILLE, H, PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR P62TCF BY MAP KINASE STIMULATES TERNARY COMPLEX-FORMATION AT C-FOS PROMOTER, NATURE 358: 414 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "first-page": "11411",
      "volume": "89",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "GUTCH, M.J., TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IS REQUIRED FOR ACTIVATION OF AN ALPHA-INTERFERON-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 11411 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "first-page": "1272",
      "volume": "84",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "HAYES, T.E., INDUCIBLE BINDING OF A FACTOR TO THE C-FOS REGULATORY REGION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 1272 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "395",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90238-L",
      "volume": "73",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "HILL, C.S., FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF A GROWTH FACTOR-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR COMPLEX, CELL 73: 395 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "first-page": "3951",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "KANNO, Y, THE GENOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE MURINE ICSBP GENE REVEALS THE PRESENCE OF THE GAMMA INTERFERON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT, TO WHICH AN ISGF3-ALPHA SUBUNIT (OR SIMILAR) MOLECULE BINDS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 13: 3951 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1753",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.4.10.1753",
      "volume": "4",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "KESSLER, D.S., INTERFERON-ALPHA REGULATES NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION AND DNA-BINDING AFFINITY OF ISGF3, A MULTIMERIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 4: 1753 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1708916"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8385802"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "first-page": "923",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "LEVY, D, NEW BIOL 2: 923 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "NEW BIOL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1362",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.9.1362",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "LEVY, D.E., CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVATION OF ISGF3, THE POSITIVE REGULATOR OF INTERFERON-ALPHA-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPTION, RECONSTITUTED INVITRO, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 3: 1362 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "383",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.2.4.383",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "LEVY, D.E., INTERFERON-INDUCED NUCLEAR FACTORS THAT BIND A SHARED PROMOTER ELEMENT CORRELATE WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 383 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/363085a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "unstructured": "LI N unpublished data."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "first-page": "5824",
      "volume": "12",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "LI, W, THE SH2 AND SH3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING NCK PROTEIN IS ONCOGENIC AND A COMMON TARGET FOR PHOSPHORYLATION BY DIFFERENT SURFACE-RECEPTORS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 5824 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90167-B"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90047-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/358681a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8503013"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1038/313241a0",
      "volume": "313",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "MULCAHY, L.S., REQUIREMENT FOR RAS PROTO-ONCOGENE FUNCTION DURING SERUM-STIMULATED GROWTH OF NIH-3T3-CELLS, NATURE 313: 241 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90170-U"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "first-page": "4314",
      "volume": "90",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "PEARSE, R.N., INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF THE HIGH-AFFINITY FC RECEPTOR FOR IGG REQUIRES ASSEMBLY OF A COMPLEX THAT INCLUDES THE 91-KDA SUBUNIT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF3, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90: 4314 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "549",
      "DOI": "10.1038/325549a0",
      "volume": "325",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "ROUSSEL, M.F., TRANSFORMING POTENTIAL OF THE C-FMS PROTOONCOGENE (CSF-1 RECEPTOR), NATURE 325: 549 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/360689a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/363045a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "79",
      "DOI": "10.1038/362079a0",
      "volume": "362",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "SADOWSKI, H.B., CELL-FREE ACTIVATION OF A DNA-BINDING PROTEIN BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR, NATURE 362: 79 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "first-page": "7836",
      "volume": "89",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "SCHINDLER, C, PROTEINS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF-3 - ONE GENE ENCODES THE 91-KDA AND 84-KDA ISGF-3 PROTEINS THAT ARE ACTIVATED BY INTERFERON-ALPHA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 7836 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1496401"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0896-6273(92)90177-F"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1281555"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "unstructured": "SILVENNOINEN O unpublished data."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8316835"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "first-page": "4053",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "STACEY, D.W., DOMINANT INHIBITORY RAS MUTANTS SELECTIVELY INHIBIT THE ACTIVITY OF EITHER CELLULAR OR ONCOGENIC RAS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 11: 4053 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_41_1",
      "first-page": "2297",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "STACEY, D.W., DOMINANT INHIBITORY RAS MUTANTS DEMONSTRATE THE REQUIREMENT FOR RAS ACTIVITY IN THE ACTION OF TYROSINE KINASE ONCOGENES, ONCOGENE 6: 2297 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "ONCOGENE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90801-K"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_43_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "225",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90738-Z",
      "volume": "60",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "UZE, G, GENETIC TRANSFER OF A FUNCTIONAL HUMAN INTERFERON-ALPHA RECEPTOR INTO MOUSE CELLS - CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF ITS CDNA, CELL 60: 225 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_44_1",
      "first-page": "3315",
      "volume": "12",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "VEALS, S.A., SUBUNIT OF AN ALPHA-INTERFERON-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IS RELATED TO INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR AND MYB FAMILIES OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12: 3315 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_45_1",
      "first-page": "196",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "VEALS, S.A., 2 DOMAINS OF ISGF3-GAMMA THAT MEDIATE PROTEIN-DNA AND PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS DURING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ASSEMBLY CONTRIBUTE TO DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 13: 196 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_46_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90105-L"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_47_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4477",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07898.x",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "WAGNER, B.J., THE SIF BINDING-ELEMENT CONFERS SIS/PDGF INDUCIBILITY ONTO THE C-FOS PROMOTER, EMBO JOURNAL 9: 4477 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO JOURNAL"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.8378775",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-15T11:18:21Z",
    "timestamp": 1705317501000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.8378775"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 47,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5129",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1993,
          9,
          24
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.8378775"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8378775",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1993,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  }
}