DOI: 10.1126/science.8191289. Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex

Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex

10.1126/science.8191289

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Recordings from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) were used to test a model for the visually driven responses of simple cells. According to the model, simple cells compute a linear sum of the responses of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. In addition, each simple cell's linear response is divided by the pooled activity of a large number of other simple cells. The cell membrane performs both operations; synaptic currents are summed and then divided by the total membrane conductance. Current and conductance are decoupled (by a complementary arrangement of excitation and inhibition) so that current depends only on the LGN inputs and conductance depends only on the cortical inputs. Closed form expressions were derived for fitting and interpreting physiological data. The model accurately predicted responses to drifting grating stimuli of various contrasts, orientations, and spatiotemporal frequencies.

Bibliography

Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J. (1994). Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex. Science, 264(5163), 1333â1336.

Authors 2

Matteo Carandini (first)
David J. Heeger (additional)

References 29 Referenced 478

ALBRECHT, D.G., STRIATE CORTEX OF MONKEY AND CAT - CONTRAST RESPONSE FUNCTION, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 48: 217 (1982). (10.1152/jn.1982.48.1.217) / JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (1982)
ALBRECHT, D.G., MOTION SELECTIVITY AND THE CONTRAST-RESPONSE FUNCTION OF SIMPLE CELLS IN THE VISUAL-CORTEX, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 7: 531 (1991). (10.1017/S0952523800010336) / VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE (1991)
BENARDETE, E.A., CONTRAST GAIN-CONTROL IN THE PRIMATE RETINA - P-CELLS ARE NOT X-LIKE, SOME M-CELLS ARE, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 8: 483 (1992). (10.1017/S0952523800004995) / VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE (1992)
BERMAN, N. J., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 440: 697 (1991). (10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018731) / JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (1991)
BERNANDER, O, SYNAPTIC BACKGROUND ACTIVITY INFLUENCES SPATIOTEMPORAL INTEGRATION IN SINGLE PYRAMIDAL CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 11569 (1991). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1991)
BONDS, A.B., ROLE OF INHIBITION IN THE SPECIFICATION OF ORIENTATION SELECTIVITY OF CELLS IN THE CAT STRIATE CORTEX, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 2: 41 (1989). (10.1017/S0952523800004314) / VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE (1989)
CAMPBELL, F. W., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 203: 223 (1969). (10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008861) / JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (1969)
COOMBS, J. S., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 130: 396 (1955). (10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005414) / JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (1955)
DEAN, A.F., FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TEMPORAL PHASE OF RESPONSE TO BAR AND GRATING STIMULI FOR SIMPLE CELLS IN THE CAT STRIATE CORTEX, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 62: 143 (1986). / EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH (1986)
DOUGLAS, R. J., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 440: 659 (1991). (10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018730) / JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (1991)
FERSTER, D, SPATIALLY OPPONENT EXCITATION AND INHIBITION IN SIMPLE CELLS OF THE CAT VISUAL-CORTEX, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 8: 1172 (1988). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-04-01172.1988) / JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (1988)
GROSSBERG, S, NEURAL NETWORKS 1: 17 (1988). / NEURAL NETWORKS (1988)
HEEGER, D.J., MODELING SIMPLE-CELL DIRECTION SELECTIVITY WITH NORMALIZED, HALF-SQUARED, LINEAR-OPERATORS, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 70: 1885 (1993). (10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1885) / JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (1993)
HEEGER, D.J., NORMALIZATION OF CELL RESPONSES IN CAT STRIATE CORTEX, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 9: 181 (1992). (10.1017/S0952523800009640) / VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE (1992)
HEEGER, D.J., HALF-SQUARING IN RESPONSES OF CAT STRIATE CELLS, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 9: 427 (1992). (10.1017/S095252380001124X) / VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE (1992)
HEGGELUND, P, RECEPTIVE-FIELD ORGANIZATION OF SIMPLE CELLS IN CAT STRIATE CORTEX, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 42: 89 (1981). / EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH (1981)
10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837
JAGADEESH, B, J NEUROSCI 12: 1262 (1992). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-04-01262.1992) / J NEUROSCI (1992)
10.1126/science.8266083
Koch, C., Synaptic Function: 637 (1987). / Synaptic Function (1987)
LI, C. Y., PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 401: 304 (1984). (10.1007/BF00582601) / PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (1984)
MOVSHON, J. A., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 283: 53 (1978). (10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012488) / JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (1978)
OGAWA, T, MEMBRANE-CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL CORTICAL-NEURONS IN INVITRO SLICES, BRAIN RESEARCH 226: 315 (1981). (10.1016/0006-8993(81)91105-7) / BRAIN RESEARCH (1981)
PALMER, L.A., RECEPTIVE-FIELD STRUCTURE IN CAT STRIATE CORTEX, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 46: 260 (1981). (10.1152/jn.1981.46.2.260) / JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (1981)
SHAPLEY, R, VISUAL SENSITIVITY AND PARALLEL RETINOCORTICAL CHANNELS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY 41: 635 (1990). (10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.003223) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY (1990)
SPERLING, G, MODEL FOR VISUAL LUMINANCE DISCRIMINATION AND FLICKER DETECTION, JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 58: 1133 (1968). (10.1364/JOSA.58.001133) / JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (1968)
STAFSTROM, C.E., REPETITIVE FIRING IN LAYER-V NEURONS FROM CAT NEOCORTEX INVITRO, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 52: 264 (1984). (10.1152/jn.1984.52.2.264) / JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (1984)
STAFSTROM, C.E., CABLE PROPERTIES OF LAYER-V NEURONS FROM CAT SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX INVITRO, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 52: 278 (1984). (10.1152/jn.1984.52.2.278) / JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (1984)
Stratford, K., The Computing Neuron: 296 (1990). / The Computing Neuron (1990)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 8:01 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 15, 2024, 12:35 a.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks, 2 days ago (July 31, 2025, 11:47 p.m.)
Issued	31 years, 3 months ago (May 27, 1994)
Published	31 years, 3 months ago (May 27, 1994)
Published Print	31 years, 3 months ago (May 27, 1994)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Carandini_1994, title={Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex}, volume={264}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8191289}, DOI={10.1126/science.8191289}, number={5163}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Carandini, Matteo and Heeger, David J.}, year={1994}, month=may, pages={1333–1336} }

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  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1994,
        5,
        27
      ]
    ]
  }
}