Abstract
Butterfly wings display pattern elements of many types and colors. To identify the molecular processes underlying the generation of these patterns, several butterfly cognates of Drosophila appendage patterning genes have been cloned and their expression patterns have been analyzed. Butterfly wing patterns are organized by two spatial coordinate systems. One system specifies positional information with respect to the entire wing field and is conserved between fruit flies and butterflies. A second system, superimposed on the general system and involving several of the same genes, operates within each wing subdivision to elaborate discrete pattern elements. Eyespots, which form from discrete developmental organizers, are marked by Distal-less gene expression. These circular pattern elements appear to be generated by a process similar to, and perhaps evolved from, proximodistal pattern formation in insect appendages.
References
45
Referenced
322
-
CAMPBELL, G, AXIS SPECIFICATION IN THE DEVELOPING DROSOPHILA APPENDAGE - THE ROLE OF WINGLESS, DECAPENTAPLEGIC, AND THE HOMEOBOX GENE ARISTALESS, CELL 74: 1113 (1993).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90732-6
) / CELL (1993) -
CAMPBELL, S, THE SCALLOPED GENE ENCODES A NOVEL, EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REQUIRED FOR SENSORY ORGAN DIFFERENTIATION IN DROSOPHILA, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 6: 367 (1992).
(
10.1101/gad.6.3.367
) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1992) -
COHEN, B, ALLOCATION OF THE THORACIC IMAGINAL PRIMORDIA IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO, DEVELOPMENT 117: 597 (1993).
(
10.1242/dev.117.2.597
) / DEVELOPMENT (1993) -
COHEN, B, APTEROUS, A GENE REQUIRED FOR IMAGINAL DISK DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA ENCODES A MEMBER OF THE LIM FAMILY OF DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATORY PROTEINS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 6: 715 (1992).
(
10.1101/gad.6.5.715
) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1992) - Cohen, S. M., Development of Drosophila: 747 (1993). / Development of Drosophila (1993)
-
COHEN, S.M., PROXIMAL DISTAL PATTERN-FORMATION IN DROSOPHILA - CELL AUTONOMOUS REQUIREMENT FOR DISTAL-LESS GENE ACTIVITY IN LIMB DEVELOPMENT, EMBO JOURNAL 8: 2045 (1989).
(
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03613.x
) / EMBO JOURNAL (1989) -
COHEN, S.M., DISTAL-LESS ENCODES A HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR LIMB DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA, NATURE 338: 432 (1989).
(
10.1038/338432a0
) / NATURE (1989) -
COLEMAN, K.G., THE INVECTED GENE OF DROSOPHILA - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION STUDIES REVEAL A CLOSE KINSHIP TO THE ENGRAILED GENE, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 1: 19 (1987).
(
10.1101/gad.1.1.19
) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1987) -
COUSO, J.P., THE WINGLESS SIGNALING PATHWAY AND THE PATTERNING OF THE WING MARGIN IN DROSOPHILA, DEVELOPMENT 120: 621 (1994).
(
10.1242/dev.120.3.621
) / DEVELOPMENT (1994) 10.1126/science.8424170
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90494-B
-
DOCTOR, J.S., SEQUENCE, BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF A NEW MEMBER OF THE TGF-BETA SUPERFAMILY IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 151: 491 (1992).
(
10.1016/0012-1606(92)90188-M
) / DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1992) -
DOLLE, P, EXPRESSION OF THE MURINE DLX-1 HOMEOBOX GENE DURING FACIAL, OCULAR AND LIMB DEVELOPMENT, DIFFERENTIATION 49: 93 (1992).
(
10.1111/j.1432-0436.1992.tb00773.x
) / DIFFERENTIATION (1992) -
FRENCH, V, THE DEVELOPMENT OF EYESPOT PATTERNS ON BUTTERFLY WINGS - MORPHOGEN SOURCES OR SINKS, DEVELOPMENT 116: 103 (1992).
(
10.1242/dev.116.1.103
) / DEVELOPMENT (1992) - GARCIA-BELLIDO, A, CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 29: 16 (1975). / CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM (1975)
- HUI, C.C., MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND SILK GLAND EXPRESSION OF BOMBYX ENGRAILED AND INVECTED GENES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 167 (1992). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1992)
-
JIANG, J, THE DORSAL MORPHOGEN GRADIENT REGULATES THE MESODERM DETERMINANT TWIST IN EARLY DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 5: 1881 (1991).
(
10.1101/gad.5.10.1881
) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1991) -
KLESSIG, D.F., PLANT MOL BIOL REP 1: 12 (1983).
(
10.1007/BF02712669
) / PLANT MOL BIOL REP (1983) -
KORNBERG, T, THE ENGRAILED LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA - INSITU LOCALIZATION OF TRANSCRIPTS REVEALS COMPARTMENT-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION, CELL 40: 45 (1985).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(85)90307-1
) / CELL (1985) -
LAWRENCE, P.A., COMPARTMENTS IN WING OF DROSOPHILA - STUDY OF ENGRAILED GENE, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 50: 321 (1976).
(
10.1016/0012-1606(76)90155-X
) / DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1976) -
MASUCCI, J.D., PATTERN-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE DROSOPHILA-DECAPENTAPLEGIC GENE IN IMAGINAL DISKS IS REGULATED BY 3' CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENTS, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 4: 2011 (1990).
(
10.1101/gad.4.11.2011
) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1990) -
NIJHOUT, H.F., ONTOGENY OF THE COLOR PATTERN ON THE WINGS OF PRECIS-COENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE), DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 80: 275 (1980).
(
10.1016/0012-1606(80)90404-2
) / DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1980) - Nijhout H. F. The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns (1991).
-
NIJHOUT, H.F., COLOR PATTERN REGULATION AFTER SURGERY ON THE WING DISKS OF PRECISCOENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE), DEVELOPMENT 102: 377 (1988).
(
10.1242/dev.102.2.377
) / DEVELOPMENT (1988) - NIJHOUT, H.F., CAUTERY-INDUCED COLOR PATTERNS IN PRECIS-COENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE), JOURNAL OF EMBRYOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY 86: 191 (1985). / JOURNAL OF EMBRYOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY (1985)
-
PADGETT, R.W., A TRANSCRIPT FROM A DROSOPHILA PATTERN GENE PREDICTS A PROTEIN HOMOLOGOUS TO THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA FAMILY, NATURE 325: 81 (1987).
(
10.1038/325081a0
) / NATURE (1987) 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90947-1
-
PATEL, N.H., EXPRESSION OF ENGRAILED DURING SEGMENTATION IN GRASSHOPPER AND CRAYFISH, DEVELOPMENT 107: 201 (1989).
(
10.1242/dev.107.2.201
) / DEVELOPMENT (1989) -
PHILLIPS, R.G., WINGLESS EXPRESSION MEDIATES DETERMINATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM ELEMENTS IN LATE STAGES OF DROSOPHILA WING DISC DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT 118: 427 (1993).
(
10.1242/dev.118.2.427
) / DEVELOPMENT (1993) -
PRICE, M, A MOUSE GENE RELATED TO DISTAL-LESS SHOWS A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPING FOREBRAIN, NATURE 351: 748 (1991).
(
10.1038/351748a0
) / NATURE (1991) - Sambrook J. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (1989).
10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
- SIDOW, A, DIVERSIFICATION OF THE WNT GENE FAMILY ON THE ANCESTRAL LINEAGE OF VERTEBRATES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 5098 (1992). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1992)
-
Spencer, F. A., Cell 28: 451 (1982).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(82)90199-4
) / Cell (1982) -
STEVENS, M.E., DISRUPTION OF POSITIONAL FIELDS IN APTEROUS IMAGINAL DISKS OF DROSOPHILA, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 117: 326 (1986).
(
10.1016/0012-1606(86)90375-1
) / DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1986) -
STRUHL, G, ORGANIZING ACTIVITY OF WINGLESS PROTEIN IN DROSOPHILA, CELL 72: 527 (1993).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90072-X
) / CELL (1993) -
Williams, J. A., BioEssays 15: 567 (1993).
(
10.1002/bies.950150902
) / BioEssays (1993) 10.1242/dev.117.2.571
-
WILLIAMS, J.A., MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION OF THE VESTIGIAL REGION IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER, EMBO JOURNAL 7: 1355 (1988).
(
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02951.x
) / EMBO JOURNAL (1988) -
Williams, J. A., Genes & Development 5: 2481 (1991).
(
10.1101/gad.5.12b.2481
) / Genes & Development (1991) -
WILLIAMS, J.A., NATURE 368: 298 (1994).
(
10.1038/368298a0
) / NATURE (1994) - WILLIAMS J.A. unpublished data.
-
XIAO, J.H., CLONING, EXPRESSION, AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN ENHANCER FACTOR TEF-1, CELL 65: 551 (1991).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(91)90088-G
) / CELL (1991) - XU, Y, LH-2 - A LIM/HOMEODOMAIN GENE EXPRESSED IN DEVELOPING LYMPHOCYTES AND NEURAL CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90: 227 (1993). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1993)
- Yamamoto, R. T., Journal of Economic Entomology 62: 1427 (1993). / Journal of Economic Entomology (1993)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 8:01 p.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2024, 11:07 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 month, 1 week ago (July 24, 2025, 7:55 a.m.) |
Issued | 31 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1994) |
Published | 31 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1994) |
Published Print | 31 years, 2 months ago (July 1, 1994) |
@article{Carroll_1994, title={Pattern Formation and Eyespot Determination in Butterfly Wings}, volume={265}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7912449}, DOI={10.1126/science.7912449}, number={5168}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Carroll, Sean B. and Gates, Julie and Keys, David N. and Paddock, Stephen W. and Panganiban, Grace E. F. and Selegue, Jane E. and Williams, Jim A.}, year={1994}, month=jul, pages={109–114} }