DOI: 10.1126/science.7233198. Transbilayer Phospholipid Asymmetry in <i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i> -Infected Host Cell Membrane

Transbilayer Phospholipid Asymmetry in Plasmodium knowlesi -Infected Host Cell Membrane

10.1126/science.7233198

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The membranes from normal and Plasmodium knowlesi -infected rhesus monkey erythrocytes (90 to 95 percent infected with early ring stage) were analyzed for transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), by means of chemical and enzymatic probes. The external monolayer of the normal red cell membrane contained at least 68 to 72 percent of the total phosphatidylcholine and 15 to 20 percent of the total phosphatidylethanolamine. In the infected cell, the transmembrane phosphatidylcholine distribution appeared to be reversed, with only 20 to 30 percent of it being externally localized, whereas roughly equal amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine were present in the outer and inner surfaces. However, total phosphatidylserine in both the infected and normal red cells was exclusively internal. Unlike that in the normal intact cell, external phosphatidylethanolamine in the parasitized cell was readily accessible to phospholipase A 2 . These results indicate that significant changes in molecular architecture of the host cell membrane are the result of parasitization.

Bibliography

Gupta, C. M., & Mishra, G. C. (1981). Transbilayer Phospholipid Asymmetry in Plasmodium knowlesi -Infected Host Cell Membrane. Science, 212(4498), 1047â1049.

Authors 2

C. M. Gupta (first)
G. C. Mishra (additional)

References 20 Referenced 51

AMES, B.N., THE ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN THE NEUTRALIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 235: 769 (1960). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67936-6) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1960)
BANNISTER, L.H., RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING INVASION OF ERYTHROCYTES BY MEROZOITES OF PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI, BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 55: 163 (1977). / BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1977)
BLECHER, M, ON MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A AND INSULIN ON GLUCOSE ENTRY INTO FREE ADIPOSE CELLS, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 23: 68 (1966). (10.1016/0006-291X(66)90270-1) / BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (1966)
BONSALL, R.W., REACTIVITY OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE TO SODIUM TRINITROBENZENESULPHONATE, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 249: 281 (1971). (10.1016/0005-2736(71)90105-2) / BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (1971)
DENKAMP, JAF, ANNU REV BIOCHEM 48: 47 (1979). (10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.000403) / ANNU REV BIOCHEM (1979)
FOLCH, J, A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 226: 497 (1957). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1957)
GORDESKY, S.E., ASYMMETRIC ARRANGEMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 50: 1027 (1973). (10.1016/0006-291X(73)91509-X) / BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (1973)
GORDESKY, S.E., REACTION OF CHEMICAL PROBES WITH ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE, JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 20: 111 (1975). (10.1007/BF01870631) / JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY (1975)
HOLZ, G.G., LIPIDS AND MALARIAL PARASITE, BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 55: 237 (1977). / BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1977)
HOWARD, R.J., CHANGES IN THE MEMBRANE MICRO-VISCOSITY OF MOUSE RED-BLOOD-CELLS INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI DETECTED USING NORMAL-(9-ANTHROYLOXY) FATTY-ACID FLUORESCENT-PROBES, PARASITOLOGY 80: 331 (1980). (10.1017/S0031182000000792) / PARASITOLOGY (1980)
LANGLEY, K.E., ENERGETICS OF RAPID TRANSMEMBRANE MOVEMENT AND OF COMPOSITIONAL ASYMMETRY OF PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE IN MEMBRANES OF BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 76: 6245 (1979). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1979)
MCLAREN, D.J., FREEZE-FRACTURE STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MALARIA PARASITE AND THE HOST ERYTHROCYTE IN PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI INFECTIONS, PARASITOLOGY 79: 125 (1979). (10.1017/S0031182000052021) / PARASITOLOGY (1979)
POLLET, S, MICROANALYSIS OF BRAIN LIPIDS - MULTIPLE 2-DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH 19: 916 (1978). (10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40707-2) / JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (1978)
ROCK, R.C., LIPID COMPOSITION OF PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI MEMBRANES - COMPARISON OF PARASITES AND MICROSOMAL SUBFRACTIONS WITH HOST RHESUS ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 38: 425 (1971). / COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY (1971)
ROELOFSEN, B, ACTION OF PURE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AND PHOSPHOLIPASE C ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AND GHOSTS, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 241: 925 (1971). (10.1016/0005-2736(71)90024-1) / BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (1971)
10.1126/science.402030
SCHMIDTULLRICH, R, PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI-INDUCED ANTIGENS IN MEMBRANES OF PARASITIZED RHESUS-MONKEY ERYTHROCYTES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 75: 4949 (1978). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1978)
VERKLEIJ, A.J., ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN HUMAN RED-CELL MEMBRANE - COMBINED STUDY USING PHOSPHOLIPASES AND FREEZE-ETCH ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 323: 178 (1973). (10.1016/0005-2736(73)90143-0) / BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (1973)
WALLACH, DFM, ALTERED MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF MONKEY ERYTHROCYTES INFECTED WITH SIMIAN MALARIA, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2: 119 (1977). / JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (1977)
WEIDEKAMM, E, ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE ALTERATIONS DUE TO INFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 323: 539 (1973). (10.1016/0005-2736(73)90162-4) / BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (1973)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 1:45 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 15, 2024, 12:17 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year ago (Sept. 4, 2024, 5 p.m.)
Issued	44 years, 3 months ago (May 29, 1981)
Published	44 years, 3 months ago (May 29, 1981)
Published Print	44 years, 3 months ago (May 29, 1981)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Gupta_1981, title={Transbilayer Phospholipid Asymmetry in Plasmodium knowlesi -Infected Host Cell Membrane}, volume={212}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7233198}, DOI={10.1126/science.7233198}, number={4498}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Gupta, C. M. and Mishra, G. C.}, year={1981}, month=may, pages={1047–1049} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        9,
        4
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-09-04T21:00:29Z",
    "timestamp": 1725483629798
  },
  "reference-count": 20,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "4498",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1981,
        5,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            The membranes from normal and\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium knowlesi</jats:italic>\n            -infected rhesus monkey erythrocytes (90 to 95 percent infected with early ring stage) were analyzed for transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), by means of chemical and enzymatic probes. The external monolayer of the normal red cell membrane contained at least 68 to 72 percent of the total phosphatidylcholine and 15 to 20 percent of the total phosphatidylethanolamine. In the infected cell, the transmembrane phosphatidylcholine distribution appeared to be reversed, with only 20 to 30 percent of it being externally localized, whereas roughly equal amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine were present in the outer and inner surfaces. However, total phosphatidylserine in both the infected and normal red cells was exclusively internal. Unlike that in the normal intact cell, external phosphatidylethanolamine in the parasitized cell was readily accessible to phospholipase A\n            <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n            . These results indicate that significant changes in molecular architecture of the host cell membrane are the result of parasitization.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.7233198",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T17:45:58Z",
    "timestamp": 1160070358000
  },
  "page": "1047-1049",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 51,
  "title": "Transbilayer Phospholipid Asymmetry in\n            <i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i>\n            -Infected Host Cell Membrane",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "212",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "C. M.",
      "family": "Gupta",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "G. C.",
      "family": "Mishra",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "769",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67936-6",
      "volume": "235",
      "year": "1960",
      "unstructured": "AMES, B.N., THE ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN THE NEUTRALIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 235: 769 (1960).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "first-page": "163",
      "volume": "55",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "BANNISTER, L.H., RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING INVASION OF ERYTHROCYTES BY MEROZOITES OF PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI, BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 55: 163 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "68",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-291X(66)90270-1",
      "volume": "23",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "BLECHER, M, ON MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A AND INSULIN ON GLUCOSE ENTRY INTO FREE ADIPOSE CELLS, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 23: 68 (1966).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "281",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2736(71)90105-2",
      "volume": "249",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "BONSALL, R.W., REACTIVITY OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE TO SODIUM TRINITROBENZENESULPHONATE, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 249: 281 (1971).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "47",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.000403",
      "volume": "48",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "DENKAMP, JAF, ANNU REV BIOCHEM 48: 47 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "ANNU REV BIOCHEM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "497",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5",
      "volume": "226",
      "year": "1957",
      "unstructured": "FOLCH, J, A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 226: 497 (1957).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1027",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-291X(73)91509-X",
      "volume": "50",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "GORDESKY, S.E., ASYMMETRIC ARRANGEMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 50: 1027 (1973).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "111",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01870631",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "GORDESKY, S.E., REACTION OF CHEMICAL PROBES WITH ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE, JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 20: 111 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "first-page": "237",
      "volume": "55",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "HOLZ, G.G., LIPIDS AND MALARIAL PARASITE, BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 55: 237 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "331",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0031182000000792",
      "volume": "80",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "HOWARD, R.J., CHANGES IN THE MEMBRANE MICRO-VISCOSITY OF MOUSE RED-BLOOD-CELLS INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI DETECTED USING NORMAL-(9-ANTHROYLOXY) FATTY-ACID FLUORESCENT-PROBES, PARASITOLOGY 80: 331 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "PARASITOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "first-page": "6245",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "LANGLEY, K.E., ENERGETICS OF RAPID TRANSMEMBRANE MOVEMENT AND OF COMPOSITIONAL ASYMMETRY OF PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE IN MEMBRANES OF BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 76: 6245 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "125",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0031182000052021",
      "volume": "79",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "MCLAREN, D.J., FREEZE-FRACTURE STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MALARIA PARASITE AND THE HOST ERYTHROCYTE IN PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI INFECTIONS, PARASITOLOGY 79: 125 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "PARASITOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "916",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40707-2",
      "volume": "19",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "POLLET, S, MICROANALYSIS OF BRAIN LIPIDS - MULTIPLE 2-DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH 19: 916 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "first-page": "425",
      "volume": "38",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "ROCK, R.C., LIPID COMPOSITION OF PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI MEMBRANES - COMPARISON OF PARASITES AND MICROSOMAL SUBFRACTIONS WITH HOST RHESUS ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 38: 425 (1971).",
      "journal-title": "COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "925",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2736(71)90024-1",
      "volume": "241",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "ROELOFSEN, B, ACTION OF PURE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AND PHOSPHOLIPASE C ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AND GHOSTS, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 241: 925 (1971).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.402030"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "first-page": "4949",
      "volume": "75",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "SCHMIDTULLRICH, R, PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI-INDUCED ANTIGENS IN MEMBRANES OF PARASITIZED RHESUS-MONKEY ERYTHROCYTES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 75: 4949 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "178",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2736(73)90143-0",
      "volume": "323",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "VERKLEIJ, A.J., ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN HUMAN RED-CELL MEMBRANE - COMBINED STUDY USING PHOSPHOLIPASES AND FREEZE-ETCH ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 323: 178 (1973).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "first-page": "119",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "WALLACH, DFM, ALTERED MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF MONKEY ERYTHROCYTES INFECTED WITH SIMIAN MALARIA, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2: 119 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "539",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0005-2736(73)90162-4",
      "volume": "323",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "WEIDEKAMM, E, ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE ALTERATIONS DUE TO INFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 323: 539 (1973).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.7233198",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-15T05:17:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1705295829000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7233198"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1981,
        5,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 20,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4498",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1981,
          5,
          29
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.7233198"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7233198",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1981,
        5,
        29
      ]
    ]
  }
}