DOI: 10.1126/science.6688681. Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus laevis

10.1126/science.6688681

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

A modified cloning method designed to produce differential complementary DNA libraries permits the isolation of sequences that are present in the RNA population of any developmental stage or tissue, but are not present or are much less abundant in another stage or tissue. Selective complementary DNA cloning is especially useful when the differentially expressed RNA's are of low to moderate abundance in the cells in which they occur. A class of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA's differentially expressed in gastrula embryos of Xenopus laevis (DG RNA's) has been isolated. These DG RNA's occur very rarely or not at all in unfertilized eggs and blastulae, accumulate as the result of transcription before and during gastrulation, and, with some exceptions, decline in abundance as development proceeds. Many of these RNA molecules appear to be translated at the gastrula stage. Thus, DG RNA's may encode proteins that are important in the process of gastrulation.

Bibliography

Sargent, T. D., & Dawid, I. B. (1983). Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus laevis. Science, 222(4620), 135â139.

Authors 2

Thomas D. Sargent (first)
Igor B. Dawid (additional)

References 44 Referenced 193

10.1126/science.7209528
Suzuki, Y., Embryonic Development, part A, Genetic Aspects:305 (1982). / Embryonic Development, part A, Genetic Aspects (1982)
Efstratiadis, A., Cell 21: 653 (1980). (10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8) / Cell (1980)
Max, E. E., Cell 29: 691 (1982). (10.1016/0092-8674(82)90185-4) / Cell (1982)
Nieuwkoop P. Normal Tables of Xenopus laevis (1967).
Dawid, I. B., Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol. 41: 171 (1983). / Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol. (1983)
Brock, H. W., Dev. Biol. 66: 128 (1978). (10.1016/0012-1606(78)90279-8) / Dev. Biol. (1978)
Ballantine, J. E. M., J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 51: 137 (1979). / J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. (1979)
Bravo, R., Differentiation 13: 101 (1978). / Differentiation (1978)
Woodland, H. R., FEBS Lett. 121: 1 (1980). / FEBS Lett. (1980)
Bienz, M., Cell 29: 811 (1982). (10.1016/0092-8674(82)90443-3) / Cell (1982)
Dworkin, M. B., Mol. Cell. Biol. 1: 983 (1981). / Mol. Cell. Biol. (1981)
Bachvarova, B., J. Exp. Zool. 163: 285 (1966). (10.1002/jez.1401630307) / J. Exp. Zool. (1966)
10.1016/0092-8674(82)90272-0
Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 8: 688 (1964). (10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80117-0) / J. Mol. Biol. (1964)
Shiokawa, K., Dev. Growth Differ. 23: 589 (1981). (10.1111/j.1440-169X.1981.00589.x) / Dev. Growth Differ. (1981)
Shiokawa, K., Arch. Entwicklungs Mech. Org. 190: 103 (1981). / Arch. Entwicklungs Mech. Org. (1981)
Dworkin, M. B., Dev. Biol. 76: 435 (1980). (10.1016/0012-1606(80)90392-9) / Dev. Biol. (1980)
Dworkin, M. B., Dev. Biol. 76: 449 (1980). (10.1016/0012-1606(80)90393-0) / Dev. Biol. (1980)
Brachet, J., Nature 198: 205 (1963). (10.1038/198205a0) / Nature (1963)
Brachet, J., Dev. Biol. 9: 398 (1964). (10.1016/0012-1606(64)90033-8) / Dev. Biol. (1964)
Mehdy, M. C., Cell 32: 763 (1983). (10.1016/0092-8674(83)90062-4) / Cell (1983)
Masiakowski, P., Nucl. Acids Res. 10: 7895 (1982). (10.1093/nar/10.24.7895) / Nucl. Acids Res. (1982)
Scherer, G., Dev. Biol. 86: 438 (1981). (10.1016/0012-1606(81)90202-5) / Dev. Biol. (1981)
Davidson E. H. Gene Activity in Early Development (1976).
Kafatos, F. C., Nucleic Acids Res. 7: 1541 (1979). (10.1093/nar/7.6.1541) / Nucleic Acids Res. (1979)
Wahli, W., Cell 16: 535 (1979). (10.1016/0092-8674(79)90028-X) / Cell (1979)
Grunstein, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 3961 (1975). (10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1975)
Weiss, Y., Dev. Biol. 87: 330 (1981). (10.1016/0012-1606(81)90156-1) / Dev. Biol. (1981)
Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 20: 81 (1966). (10.1016/0022-2836(66)90119-7) / J. Mol. Biol. (1966)
Perlman, S., Dev. Biol. 63: 197 (1978). (10.1016/0012-1606(78)90125-2) / Dev. Biol. (1978)
10.1126/science.7209528
Anderson, D. M., J. Mol. Biol. 155: 281 (1982). (10.1016/0022-2836(82)90006-7) / J. Mol. Biol. (1982)
Lev, Z., Dev. Biol. 76: 322 (1980). (10.1016/0012-1606(80)90382-6) / Dev. Biol. (1980)
Baker, H. J., J. Biol. Chem. 253: 4521 (1978). (10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30418-0) / J. Biol. Chem. (1978)
Woodland, H. R., Dev. Biol. 40: 90 (1974). (10.1016/0012-1606(74)90111-0) / Dev. Biol. (1974)
Davis, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 2926 (1983). (10.1073/pnas.80.10.2926) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1983)
Long, E. O., Cell 18: 1185 (1979). (10.1016/0092-8674(79)90231-9) / Cell (1979)
Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual (1982).
10.1016/0076-6879(74)29033-5
Dudley, J. P., J. Virol. 28: 743 (1979). / J. Virol. (1979)
Denhardt, D. T., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23: 641 (1966). (10.1016/0006-291X(66)90447-5) / Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1966)
Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 20: 81 (1966). (10.1016/0022-2836(66)90119-7) / J. Mol. Biol. (1966)
Kay B. personal communication.

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 2:37 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2024, 5:49 p.m.)
Indexed	3 weeks, 4 days ago (Aug. 7, 2025, 4:55 a.m.)
Issued	41 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 14, 1983)
Published	41 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 14, 1983)
Published Print	41 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 14, 1983)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Sargent_1983, title={Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus laevis}, volume={222}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6688681}, DOI={10.1126/science.6688681}, number={4620}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Sargent, Thomas D. and Dawid, Igor B.}, year={1983}, month=oct, pages={135–139} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        7
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-07T08:55:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1754556933188
  },
  "reference-count": 44,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "4620",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1983,
        10,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            A modified cloning method designed to produce differential complementary DNA libraries permits the isolation of sequences that are present in the RNA population of any developmental stage or tissue, but are not present or are much less abundant in another stage or tissue. Selective complementary DNA cloning is especially useful when the differentially expressed RNA's are of low to moderate abundance in the cells in which they occur. A class of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA's differentially expressed in gastrula embryos of\n            <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis</jats:italic>\n            (DG RNA's) has been isolated. These DG RNA's occur very rarely or not at all in unfertilized eggs and blastulae, accumulate as the result of transcription before and during gastrulation, and, with some exceptions, decline in abundance as development proceeds. Many of these RNA molecules appear to be translated at the gastrula stage. Thus, DG RNA's may encode proteins that are important in the process of gastrulation.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.6688681",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T18:37:18Z",
    "timestamp": 1160073438000
  },
  "page": "135-139",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 193,
  "title": "Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of\n            <i>Xenopus laevis</i>",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "222",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Thomas D.",
      "family": "Sargent",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Igor B.",
      "family": "Dawid",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7209528"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "first-page": "305",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Suzuki, Y., Embryonic Development, part A, Genetic Aspects:305 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Embryonic Development, part A, Genetic Aspects"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "653",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8",
      "volume": "21",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Efstratiadis, A., Cell 21: 653 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "691",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(82)90185-4",
      "volume": "29",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Max, E. E., Cell 29: 691 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "unstructured": "Nieuwkoop P. Normal Tables of Xenopus laevis (1967)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "first-page": "171",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Dawid, I. B., Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol. 41: 171 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "128",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(78)90279-8",
      "volume": "66",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Brock, H. W., Dev. Biol. 66: 128 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "first-page": "137",
      "volume": "51",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Ballantine, J. E. M., J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 51: 137 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "first-page": "101",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Bravo, R., Differentiation 13: 101 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Differentiation"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "121",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Woodland, H. R., FEBS Lett. 121: 1 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "FEBS Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "811",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(82)90443-3",
      "volume": "29",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Bienz, M., Cell 29: 811 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "first-page": "983",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Dworkin, M. B., Mol. Cell. Biol. 1: 983 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "285",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jez.1401630307",
      "volume": "163",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Bachvarova, B., J. Exp. Zool. 163: 285 (1966).",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Zool."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(82)90272-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "688",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80117-0",
      "volume": "8",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 8: 688 (1964).",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "589",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1440-169X.1981.00589.x",
      "volume": "23",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Shiokawa, K., Dev. Growth Differ. 23: 589 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Growth Differ."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "first-page": "103",
      "volume": "190",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Shiokawa, K., Arch. Entwicklungs Mech. Org. 190: 103 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Arch. Entwicklungs Mech. Org."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "435",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(80)90392-9",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Dworkin, M. B., Dev. Biol. 76: 435 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "449",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(80)90393-0",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Dworkin, M. B., Dev. Biol. 76: 449 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "205",
      "DOI": "10.1038/198205a0",
      "volume": "198",
      "year": "1963",
      "unstructured": "Brachet, J., Nature 198: 205 (1963).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "398",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(64)90033-8",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "Brachet, J., Dev. Biol. 9: 398 (1964).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "763",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(83)90062-4",
      "volume": "32",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Mehdy, M. C., Cell 32: 763 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7895",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/10.24.7895",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Masiakowski, P., Nucl. Acids Res. 10: 7895 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "438",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(81)90202-5",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Scherer, G., Dev. Biol. 86: 438 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "unstructured": "Davidson E. H. Gene Activity in Early Development (1976)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1541",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/7.6.1541",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Kafatos, F. C., Nucleic Acids Res. 7: 1541 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Nucleic Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "535",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(79)90028-X",
      "volume": "16",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Wahli, W., Cell 16: 535 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3961",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961",
      "volume": "72",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Grunstein, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 3961 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "330",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(81)90156-1",
      "volume": "87",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Weiss, Y., Dev. Biol. 87: 330 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(66)90119-7",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 20: 81 (1966).",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "197",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(78)90125-2",
      "volume": "63",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Perlman, S., Dev. Biol. 63: 197 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7209528"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "281",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(82)90006-7",
      "volume": "155",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Anderson, D. M., J. Mol. Biol. 155: 281 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "322",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(80)90382-6",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Lev, Z., Dev. Biol. 76: 322 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4521",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30418-0",
      "volume": "253",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Baker, H. J., J. Biol. Chem. 253: 4521 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "90",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0012-1606(74)90111-0",
      "volume": "40",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "Woodland, H. R., Dev. Biol. 40: 90 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "Dev. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2926",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.10.2926",
      "volume": "80",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Davis, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 2926 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1185",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(79)90231-9",
      "volume": "18",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Long, E. O., Cell 18: 1185 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "unstructured": "Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual (1982)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0076-6879(74)29033-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_41_1",
      "first-page": "743",
      "volume": "28",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Dudley, J. P., J. Virol. 28: 743 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "641",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-291X(66)90447-5",
      "volume": "23",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Denhardt, D. T., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23: 641 (1966).",
      "journal-title": "Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_43_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(66)90119-7",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1966",
      "unstructured": "Brown, D., J. Mol. Biol. 20: 81 (1966).",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_44_1",
      "unstructured": "Kay B. personal communication."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.6688681",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-14T22:49:46Z",
    "timestamp": 1705272586000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.6688681"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1983,
        10,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 44,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4620",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1983,
          10,
          14
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.6688681"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6688681",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1983,
        10,
        14
      ]
    ]
  }
}