DOI: 10.1126/science.622552. Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, Decreases Protein Degradation in Normal and Diseased Muscles

Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, Decreases Protein Degradation in Normal and Diseased Muscles

10.1126/science.622552

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The protease inhibitor leupeptin decreases protein degradation in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle incubated in vitro, while protein synthesis remains unaltered. Leupeptin also lowers protein breakdown in denervated rat muscles and affected muscles from mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Leupeptin may thus be useful in retarding tissue atrophy. Since homogenates of leupeptin-treated muscles had decreased cathepsin B activity, this lysosomal protease may play a role in protein turnover in normal and diseased muscles.

Bibliography

Libby, P., & Goldberg, A. L. (1978). Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, Decreases Protein Degradation in Normal and Diseased Muscles. Science, 199(4328), 534â536.

Authors 2

Peter Libby (first)
Alfred L. Goldberg (additional)

References 40 Referenced 201

AOYAGI, T, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEUPEPTINS, JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 22: 558 (1969). (10.7164/antibiotics.22.558) / JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS (1969)
AOYAGI, T, PROTEASES BIOL CONTR: 429 (1975). / PROTEASES BIOL CONTR (1975)
BIRD, JWC, DEGRADATION OF MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN BY CATHESPIN-D, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 36: 555 (1977). / FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS (1977)
CURFMAN, G.D., MYOCARDIAL PROTEIN DEGRADATION - STUDIES IN ISOLATED LEFT ATRIAL EXPLANTS, CIRCULATION 56: 87 (1977). / CIRCULATION (1977)
DEAN, R.T., DIRECT EVIDENCE OF IMPORTANCE OF LYSOSOMES IN DEGRADATION OF INTRACELLULAR PROTEINS, NATURE 257: 414 (1975). (10.1038/257414a0) / NATURE (1975)
DUCKWORTH, W.C., PURIFICATION OF INSULIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE BY AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 69: 3698 (1972). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1972)
FULKS, R.M., EFFECTS OF INSULIN, GLUCOSE, AND AMINO-ACIDS ON PROTEIN TURNOVER IN RAT DIAPHRAGM, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 250: 290 (1975). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42013-9) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1975)
GOLDBERG, A.L., EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE ON AMINO-ACID TRANSPORT AND PROTEIN TURNOVER IN MUSCLE, ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 228: 190 (1974). (10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb20510.x) / ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (1974)
GOLDBERG, A.L., INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN MAMMALIAN AND BACTERIAL-CELLS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 43: 835 (1974). (10.1146/annurev.bi.43.070174.004155) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1974)
GOLDBERG, A.L., INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN MAMMALIAN AND BACTERIAL-CELLS .2., ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 45: 747 (1976). (10.1146/annurev.bi.45.070176.003531) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1976)
GOLDBERG, A.L., PROTEIN TURNOVER IN SKELETAL MUSCLE .2. EFFECTS OF DENERVATION AND CORTISONE ON PROTEIN CATABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 244: 3223 (1969). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93117-0) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1969)
GOLDBERG, A.L., METHODS ENZYMOLOGY D 39: 82 (1975). (10.1016/S0076-6879(75)39012-5) / METHODS ENZYMOLOGY D (1975)
GOLDBERG, A.L., PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M: 376 (1977). / PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M (1977)
GOLDSPINK, D.F., EFFECTS OF DENERVATION ON PROTEIN TURNOVER OF RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 156: 71 (1976). (10.1042/bj1560071) / BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1976)
GOLDSPINK, D.F., AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN PROTEIN TURNOVER AND RIBONUCLEIC-ACID OF DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC HAMSTERS, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 162: 191 (1977). (10.1042/bj1620191) / BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1977)
HOLMES, D, ALKALINE PROTEINASE IN MUSCLE HOMOGENATES, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 125: P98 (1971). / BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1971)
HOPGOOD, M.F., INHIBITION OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 164: 399 (1977). (10.1042/bj1640399) / BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1977)
KIRSCHKE, H, CATHEPSIN-L - NEW PROTEINASE FROM RAT-LIVER LYSOSOMES, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 74: 293 (1977). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11393.x) / EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1977)
KNOWLES, S.E., SELECTIVE CONTROL OF DEGRADATION OF NORMAL AND ABERRANT PROTEINS IN REUBER H-35 HEPATOMA-CELLS, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 156: 609 (1976). (10.1042/bj1560609) / BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1976)
KOSZALKA, T.R., PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE .2. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME ACTIVE OPTIMALLY AT PH 8.5 TO 9.0, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 235: 669 (1960). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67921-4) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1960)
LI, J.B., EFFECTS OF FOOD-DEPRIVATION ON PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 231: 441 (1976). (10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.441) / AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (1976)
LIBBY P UNPUBLISHED.
MAYER, M, RAT MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEASE - ENZYME PROPERTIES AND ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN CONDITIONS OF MUSCLE PROTEIN DEGRADATION, ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 161: 20 (1974). (10.1016/0003-9861(74)90230-6) / ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (1974)
MCGOWAN, E.B., DELAYED DEGENERATION OF DYSTROPHIC AND NORMAL MUSCLE-CELL CULTURES TREATED WITH PEPSTATIN, LEUPEPTIN, AND ANTIPAIN, EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 50: 649 (1976). (10.1016/0014-4886(76)90034-0) / EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (1976)
MCGOWAN, E.B., PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M: 451 (1977). / PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M (1977)
MORGAN, H.E., CIRCULATION RESEARCH 34 3: 22 (1974). / CIRCULATION RESEARCH (1974)
Neurath, H., Proteases and Biological Control: 51 (1975). / Proteases and Biological Control (1975)
NOGUCHI, T, AUTOLYTIC BREAKDOWN OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEINS IN ALKALINE PH RANGE, AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 34: 390 (1970). (10.1080/00021369.1970.10859620) / AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1970)
PLUSKAL, M.G., BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS 1: 1307 (1973). (10.1042/bst0011307) / BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS (1973)
POLLACK, M.S., DISTRIBUTION AND PARTICLE PROPERTIES OF ACID HYDROLASE IN DENERVATED MUSCLE, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 215: 716 (1968). (10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.716) / AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (1968)
REDDY, M.K., REMOVAL OF Z-LINES AND ALPHA-ACTININ FROM ISOLATED MYOFIBRILS BY A CALCIUM-ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 250: 4278 (1975). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41414-2) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1975)
REVILLE, W.J., CA2+-ACTIVATED PROTEASE POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN TURNOVER - SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION OF PROTEASE IN PORCINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 70: 1 (1976). (10.1083/jcb.70.1.1) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1976)
ROURKE, A.W., MYOSIN IN DEVELOPING NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC CHICKEN PECTORALIS .1. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION, JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY 86: 343 (1975). (10.1002/jcp.1040860406) / JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (1975)
Schimke, R. T., Mammalian Protein Metabolism 4: 177 (1970). / Mammalian Protein Metabolism (1970)
SCHWARTZ, W. N., FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 35: 651 (1976). / FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS (1976)
SZEGO, C.M., LYSOSOMAL CATHEPSIN B1 - PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION IN RAT PREPUTIAL GLAND AND RECOMPARTMENTATION IN RESPONSE TO ESTRADIOL-17BETA, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 69: 463 (1976). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10931.x) / EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1976)
Weinstock, I. M., Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology 1: 450 (1969). / Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology (1969)
WIBO, M, PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN CULTURED-CELLS .2. UPTAKE OF CHLOROQUINE BY RAT FIBROBLASTS AND INHIBITION OF CELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION AND CATHEPSIN-B1, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 63: 430 (1974). (10.1083/jcb.63.2.430) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1974)
Wildenthal K. paper presented at the third U.S.-U.S.S.R. Symposium on Myocardial Metabolism Williamsburg Va. May (1977).
ZAK, R, CONTROL OF PROTEIN BALANCE IN HYPERTROPHIED CARDIAC-MUSCLE, CIRCULATION RESEARCH 38: 145 (1976). / CIRCULATION RESEARCH (1976)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 12:35 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2024, 11:19 a.m.)
Indexed	3 months, 1 week ago (May 20, 2025, 11:11 a.m.)
Issued	47 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 3, 1978)
Published	47 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 3, 1978)
Published Print	47 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 3, 1978)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Libby_1978, title={Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, Decreases Protein Degradation in Normal and Diseased Muscles}, volume={199}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.622552}, DOI={10.1126/science.622552}, number={4328}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Libby, Peter and Goldberg, Alfred L.}, year={1978}, month=feb, pages={534–536} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        5,
        20
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-05-20T15:11:38Z",
    "timestamp": 1747753898127
  },
  "reference-count": 40,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "4328",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1978,
        2,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The protease inhibitor leupeptin decreases protein degradation in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle incubated in vitro, while protein synthesis remains unaltered. Leupeptin also lowers protein breakdown in denervated rat muscles and affected muscles from mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Leupeptin may thus be useful in retarding tissue atrophy. Since homogenates of leupeptin-treated muscles had decreased cathepsin B activity, this lysosomal protease may play a role in protein turnover in normal and diseased muscles.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.622552",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T16:35:25Z",
    "timestamp": 1160066125000
  },
  "page": "534-536",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 201,
  "title": "Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, Decreases Protein Degradation in Normal and Diseased Muscles",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "199",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Libby",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Alfred L.",
      "family": "Goldberg",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "558",
      "DOI": "10.7164/antibiotics.22.558",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "AOYAGI, T, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEUPEPTINS, JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 22: 558 (1969).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "first-page": "429",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "AOYAGI, T, PROTEASES BIOL CONTR: 429 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "PROTEASES BIOL CONTR"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "first-page": "555",
      "volume": "36",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "BIRD, JWC, DEGRADATION OF MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN BY CATHESPIN-D, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 36: 555 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "87",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "CURFMAN, G.D., MYOCARDIAL PROTEIN DEGRADATION - STUDIES IN ISOLATED LEFT ATRIAL EXPLANTS, CIRCULATION 56: 87 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "CIRCULATION"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "414",
      "DOI": "10.1038/257414a0",
      "volume": "257",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "DEAN, R.T., DIRECT EVIDENCE OF IMPORTANCE OF LYSOSOMES IN DEGRADATION OF INTRACELLULAR PROTEINS, NATURE 257: 414 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "first-page": "3698",
      "volume": "69",
      "year": "1972",
      "unstructured": "DUCKWORTH, W.C., PURIFICATION OF INSULIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE BY AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 69: 3698 (1972).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "290",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42013-9",
      "volume": "250",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "FULKS, R.M., EFFECTS OF INSULIN, GLUCOSE, AND AMINO-ACIDS ON PROTEIN TURNOVER IN RAT DIAPHRAGM, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 250: 290 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "190",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb20510.x",
      "volume": "228",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE ON AMINO-ACID TRANSPORT AND PROTEIN TURNOVER IN MUSCLE, ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 228: 190 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "835",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.43.070174.004155",
      "volume": "43",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN MAMMALIAN AND BACTERIAL-CELLS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 43: 835 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "747",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.45.070176.003531",
      "volume": "45",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN MAMMALIAN AND BACTERIAL-CELLS .2., ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 45: 747 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3223",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93117-0",
      "volume": "244",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., PROTEIN TURNOVER IN SKELETAL MUSCLE .2. EFFECTS OF DENERVATION AND CORTISONE ON PROTEIN CATABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 244: 3223 (1969).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "82",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0076-6879(75)39012-5",
      "volume": "39",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., METHODS ENZYMOLOGY D 39: 82 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "METHODS ENZYMOLOGY D"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "first-page": "376",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "GOLDBERG, A.L., PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M: 376 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "71",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj1560071",
      "volume": "156",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "GOLDSPINK, D.F., EFFECTS OF DENERVATION ON PROTEIN TURNOVER OF RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 156: 71 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "191",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj1620191",
      "volume": "162",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "GOLDSPINK, D.F., AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN PROTEIN TURNOVER AND RIBONUCLEIC-ACID OF DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC HAMSTERS, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 162: 191 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "first-page": "P98",
      "volume": "125",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "HOLMES, D, ALKALINE PROTEINASE IN MUSCLE HOMOGENATES, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 125: P98 (1971).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "399",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj1640399",
      "volume": "164",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "HOPGOOD, M.F., INHIBITION OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 164: 399 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "293",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11393.x",
      "volume": "74",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "KIRSCHKE, H, CATHEPSIN-L - NEW PROTEINASE FROM RAT-LIVER LYSOSOMES, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 74: 293 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "609",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj1560609",
      "volume": "156",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "KNOWLES, S.E., SELECTIVE CONTROL OF DEGRADATION OF NORMAL AND ABERRANT PROTEINS IN REUBER H-35 HEPATOMA-CELLS, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 156: 609 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "669",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67921-4",
      "volume": "235",
      "year": "1960",
      "unstructured": "KOSZALKA, T.R., PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE .2. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME ACTIVE OPTIMALLY AT PH 8.5 TO 9.0, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 235: 669 (1960).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "441",
      "DOI": "10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.441",
      "volume": "231",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "LI, J.B., EFFECTS OF FOOD-DEPRIVATION ON PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 231: 441 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "unstructured": "LIBBY P UNPUBLISHED."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "20",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0003-9861(74)90230-6",
      "volume": "161",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "MAYER, M, RAT MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEASE - ENZYME PROPERTIES AND ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN CONDITIONS OF MUSCLE PROTEIN DEGRADATION, ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 161: 20 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "649",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4886(76)90034-0",
      "volume": "50",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "MCGOWAN, E.B., DELAYED DEGENERATION OF DYSTROPHIC AND NORMAL MUSCLE-CELL CULTURES TREATED WITH PEPSTATIN, LEUPEPTIN, AND ANTIPAIN, EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 50: 649 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "first-page": "451",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "MCGOWAN, E.B., PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M: 451 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "PATHOGENESIS HUMAN M"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "first-page": "22",
      "volume": "34",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "MORGAN, H.E., CIRCULATION RESEARCH 34 3: 22 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "CIRCULATION RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "first-page": "51",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Neurath, H., Proteases and Biological Control: 51 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "Proteases and Biological Control"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "390",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00021369.1970.10859620",
      "volume": "34",
      "year": "1970",
      "unstructured": "NOGUCHI, T, AUTOLYTIC BREAKDOWN OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEINS IN ALKALINE PH RANGE, AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 34: 390 (1970).",
      "journal-title": "AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1307",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bst0011307",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "PLUSKAL, M.G., BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS 1: 1307 (1973).",
      "journal-title": "BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "716",
      "DOI": "10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.716",
      "volume": "215",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "POLLACK, M.S., DISTRIBUTION AND PARTICLE PROPERTIES OF ACID HYDROLASE IN DENERVATED MUSCLE, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 215: 716 (1968).",
      "journal-title": "AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4278",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41414-2",
      "volume": "250",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "REDDY, M.K., REMOVAL OF Z-LINES AND ALPHA-ACTININ FROM ISOLATED MYOFIBRILS BY A CALCIUM-ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 250: 4278 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.70.1.1",
      "volume": "70",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "REVILLE, W.J., CA2+-ACTIVATED PROTEASE POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN TURNOVER - SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION OF PROTEASE IN PORCINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 70: 1 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "343",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jcp.1040860406",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "ROURKE, A.W., MYOSIN IN DEVELOPING NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC CHICKEN PECTORALIS .1. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION, JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY 86: 343 (1975).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "first-page": "177",
      "volume": "4",
      "year": "1970",
      "unstructured": "Schimke, R. T., Mammalian Protein Metabolism 4: 177 (1970).",
      "journal-title": "Mammalian Protein Metabolism"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "first-page": "651",
      "volume": "35",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "SCHWARTZ, W. N., FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 35: 651 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "463",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10931.x",
      "volume": "69",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "SZEGO, C.M., LYSOSOMAL CATHEPSIN B1 - PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION IN RAT PREPUTIAL GLAND AND RECOMPARTMENTATION IN RESPONSE TO ESTRADIOL-17BETA, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 69: 463 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "first-page": "450",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "Weinstock, I. M., Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology 1: 450 (1969).",
      "journal-title": "Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "430",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.63.2.430",
      "volume": "63",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "WIBO, M, PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN CULTURED-CELLS .2. UPTAKE OF CHLOROQUINE BY RAT FIBROBLASTS AND INHIBITION OF CELLULAR PROTEIN DEGRADATION AND CATHEPSIN-B1, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 63: 430 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "unstructured": "Wildenthal K. paper presented at the third U.S.-U.S.S.R. Symposium on Myocardial Metabolism Williamsburg Va. May (1977)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "first-page": "145",
      "volume": "38",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "ZAK, R, CONTROL OF PROTEIN BALANCE IN HYPERTROPHIED CARDIAC-MUSCLE, CIRCULATION RESEARCH 38: 145 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "CIRCULATION RESEARCH"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.622552",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-14T16:19:42Z",
    "timestamp": 1705249182000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.622552"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1978,
        2,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 40,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4328",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1978,
          2,
          3
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.622552"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.622552",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1978,
        2,
        3
      ]
    ]
  }
}