DOI: 10.1126/science.3872478. Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury

Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury

10.1126/science.3872478

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.

Bibliography

Giulian, D., & Lachman, L. B. (1985). Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury. Science, 228(4698), 497â499.

Authors 2

Dana Giulian (first)
Lawrence B. Lachman (additional)

References 33 Referenced 704

AGUAYO, A.J., INFLUENCES OF THE GLIAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ELONGATION OF AXONS AFTER INJURY - TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES IN ADULT RODENTS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 95: 231 (1981). (10.1242/jeb.95.1.231) / JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (1981)
BARACOS, V, STIMULATION OF MUSCLE PROTEIN-DEGRADATION AND PROSTAGLANDIN-E2 RELEASE BY LEUKOCYTIC PYROGEN (INTERLEUKIN-1) - A MECHANISM FOR THE INCREASED DEGRADATION OF MUSCLE PROTEINS DURING FEVER, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 308: 553 (1983). (10.1056/NEJM198303103081002) / NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (1983)
10.1073/pnas.76.1.514
DAYER, J.M., PRODUCTION OF COLLAGENASE AND PROSTAGLANDINS BY ISOLATED ADHERENT RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 73: 945 (1976). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1976)
DINARELLO, C.A., INTERLEUKIN-1, REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 6: 51 (1984). (10.1093/clinids/6.1.51) / REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (1984)
FEDOROFF, S, ASTROCYTE CELL LINEAGE .2. MOUSE FIBROUS ASTROCYTES AND REACTIVE ASTROCYTES IN CULTURES HAVE VIMENTIN-CONTAINING AND GFP-CONTAINING INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 7: 303 (1983). (10.1016/0165-3806(83)90187-6) / DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH (1983)
FONTANA, A, PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN-E AND AN INTERLEUKIN-1 LIKE FACTOR BY CULTURED ASTROCYTES AND C6 GLIOMA-CELLS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 129: 2413 (1982). (10.4049/jimmunol.129.6.2413) / JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (1982)
GILLIS, S, FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2639 (1983). / FED P FED AM SOC EXP (1983)
GILLIS, S, FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2646 (1983). / FED P FED AM SOC EXP (1983)
GILLIS, S, INTERLEUKIN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY - SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 42: 2635 (1983). / FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS (1983)
GIULIAN, D, INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATES GLIAL-CELL GROWTH AFTER BRAIN INJURY, LYMPHOKINE RESEARCH 3: 254 (1984). / LYMPHOKINE RESEARCH (1984)
GIULIAN, D, PEPTIDES FROM THE REGENERATING CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF GOLDFISH STIMULATE GLIA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 81: 3567 (1984). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1984)
Koski, I. R., In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated and Tumor Immunity: 359 (1976). / In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated and Tumor Immunity (1976)
LACHMAN, L.B., PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATING FACTOR (LAF) FROM ACUTE MONOCYTIC AND MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS, CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 41: 199 (1978). (10.1016/S0008-8749(78)80040-9) / CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (1978)
LACHMAN, L.B., PURIFICATION OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1, JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 13: 457 (1980). (10.1002/jss.400130405) / JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE (1980)
Ling, E. A., Advances in Cellular Neurobiology Regeneration 2: 33 (1981). (10.1016/B978-0-12-008302-2.50007-9) / Advances in Cellular Neurobiology Regeneration (1981)
LING, E.A., LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC DEMONSTRATION OF NONSPECIFIC ESTERASE IN AMEBOID MICROGLIAL CELLS IN THE CORPUS-CALLOSUM IN POSTNATAL RATS - A CYTOCHEMICAL LINK TO MONOCYTES, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 135: 385 (1982). / JOURNAL OF ANATOMY (1982)
LUGER, T.A., ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 5: 1 (1983). / ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (1983)
MCCARTHY, K.D., PREPARATION OF SEPARATE ASTROGLIAL AND OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELL-CULTURES FROM RAT CEREBRAL TISSUE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 85: 890 (1980). (10.1083/jcb.85.3.890) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1980)
10.1126/science.181845
Oppenheim J. J. Interleukins Lymphokines and Cytokines (1983).
POSTLETHWAITE, A.E., INDUCTION OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION BY INTERLEUKIN-1 DERIVED FROM HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS, ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 27: 995 (1984). (10.1002/art.1780270905) / ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (1984)
POSTLETHWAITE, A.E., INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATION OF COLLAGENASE PRODUCTION BY CULTURED FIBROBLASTS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 157: 801 (1983). (10.1084/jem.157.2.801) / JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (1983)
RAFF, M.C., GALACTOCEREBROSIDE IS A SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE ANTIGENIC MARKER FOR OLIGODENDROCYTES IN CULTURE, NATURE 274: 813 (1978). (10.1038/274813a0) / NATURE (1978)
SAUDER, D.N., EPIDERMAL-CELL PRODUCTION OF THYMOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR (ETAF), JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 79: 34 (1982). (10.1111/1523-1747.ep12510569) / JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (1982)
SCALA, G, HUMAN LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES ARE POTENT PRODUCERS OF INTERLEUKIN-1, NATURE 309: 56 (1984). (10.1038/309056a0) / NATURE (1984)
SCHMIDT, J.A., INTERLEUKIN-1, A POTENTIAL REGULATOR OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 128: 2177 (1982). (10.4049/jimmunol.128.5.2177) / JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (1982)
SMITH, K.A., T-CELL GROWTH-FACTOR AND THE CULTURE OF CLONED FUNCTIONAL T-CELLS, ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY 31: 137 (1981). (10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60920-7) / ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY (1981)
Smith, K. A., Genetics of the Immune Response: 151 (1983). / Genetics of the Immune Response (1983)
WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2757 (1983). / FED P FED AM SOC EXP (1983)
WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2762 (1983). / FED P FED AM SOC EXP (1983)
WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2772 (1983). / FED P FED AM SOC EXP (1983)
WATSON, J.D., MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERLEUKIN-2, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 42: 2747 (1983). / FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS (1983)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 3:42 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2024, 5:02 a.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 14 hours ago (Sept. 4, 2025, 9:57 a.m.)
Issued	40 years, 4 months ago (April 26, 1985)
Published	40 years, 4 months ago (April 26, 1985)
Published Print	40 years, 4 months ago (April 26, 1985)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Giulian_1985, title={Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury}, volume={228}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3872478}, DOI={10.1126/science.3872478}, number={4698}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Giulian, Dana and Lachman, Lawrence B.}, year={1985}, month=apr, pages={497–499} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        4
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-04T13:57:48Z",
    "timestamp": 1756994268351
  },
  "reference-count": 33,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "4698",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1985,
        4,
        26
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.3872478",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T19:42:50Z",
    "timestamp": 1160077370000
  },
  "page": "497-499",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 704,
  "title": "Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "228",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Dana",
      "family": "Giulian",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Lawrence B.",
      "family": "Lachman",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "231",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.95.1.231",
      "volume": "95",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "AGUAYO, A.J., INFLUENCES OF THE GLIAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ELONGATION OF AXONS AFTER INJURY - TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES IN ADULT RODENTS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 95: 231 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "553",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM198303103081002",
      "volume": "308",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "BARACOS, V, STIMULATION OF MUSCLE PROTEIN-DEGRADATION AND PROSTAGLANDIN-E2 RELEASE BY LEUKOCYTIC PYROGEN (INTERLEUKIN-1) - A MECHANISM FOR THE INCREASED DEGRADATION OF MUSCLE PROTEINS DURING FEVER, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 308: 553 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.76.1.514"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "945",
      "volume": "73",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "DAYER, J.M., PRODUCTION OF COLLAGENASE AND PROSTAGLANDINS BY ISOLATED ADHERENT RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 73: 945 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "51",
      "DOI": "10.1093/clinids/6.1.51",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "DINARELLO, C.A., INTERLEUKIN-1, REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 6: 51 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "303",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0165-3806(83)90187-6",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "FEDOROFF, S, ASTROCYTE CELL LINEAGE .2. MOUSE FIBROUS ASTROCYTES AND REACTIVE ASTROCYTES IN CULTURES HAVE VIMENTIN-CONTAINING AND GFP-CONTAINING INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 7: 303 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2413",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.129.6.2413",
      "volume": "129",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "FONTANA, A, PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN-E AND AN INTERLEUKIN-1 LIKE FACTOR BY CULTURED ASTROCYTES AND C6 GLIOMA-CELLS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 129: 2413 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "first-page": "2639",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "GILLIS, S, FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2639 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FED P FED AM SOC EXP"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "first-page": "2646",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "GILLIS, S, FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2646 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FED P FED AM SOC EXP"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "first-page": "2635",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "GILLIS, S, INTERLEUKIN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY - SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 42: 2635 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "first-page": "254",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "GIULIAN, D, INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATES GLIAL-CELL GROWTH AFTER BRAIN INJURY, LYMPHOKINE RESEARCH 3: 254 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "LYMPHOKINE RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "first-page": "3567",
      "volume": "81",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "GIULIAN, D, PEPTIDES FROM THE REGENERATING CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF GOLDFISH STIMULATE GLIA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 81: 3567 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "first-page": "359",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "Koski, I. R., In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated and Tumor Immunity: 359 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated and Tumor Immunity"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "199",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0008-8749(78)80040-9",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "LACHMAN, L.B., PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATING FACTOR (LAF) FROM ACUTE MONOCYTIC AND MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS, CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 41: 199 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "457",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jss.400130405",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "LACHMAN, L.B., PURIFICATION OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1, JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 13: 457 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1016/B978-0-12-008302-2.50007-9",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Ling, E. A., Advances in Cellular Neurobiology Regeneration 2: 33 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Advances in Cellular Neurobiology Regeneration"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "first-page": "385",
      "volume": "135",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "LING, E.A., LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC DEMONSTRATION OF NONSPECIFIC ESTERASE IN AMEBOID MICROGLIAL CELLS IN THE CORPUS-CALLOSUM IN POSTNATAL RATS - A CYTOCHEMICAL LINK TO MONOCYTES, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 135: 385 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF ANATOMY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "LUGER, T.A., ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 5: 1 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "890",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.85.3.890",
      "volume": "85",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "MCCARTHY, K.D., PREPARATION OF SEPARATE ASTROGLIAL AND OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELL-CULTURES FROM RAT CEREBRAL TISSUE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 85: 890 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.181845"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "unstructured": "Oppenheim J. J. Interleukins Lymphokines and Cytokines (1983)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "995",
      "DOI": "10.1002/art.1780270905",
      "volume": "27",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "POSTLETHWAITE, A.E., INDUCTION OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION BY INTERLEUKIN-1 DERIVED FROM HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS, ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 27: 995 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "801",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.157.2.801",
      "volume": "157",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "POSTLETHWAITE, A.E., INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATION OF COLLAGENASE PRODUCTION BY CULTURED FIBROBLASTS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 157: 801 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "813",
      "DOI": "10.1038/274813a0",
      "volume": "274",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "RAFF, M.C., GALACTOCEREBROSIDE IS A SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE ANTIGENIC MARKER FOR OLIGODENDROCYTES IN CULTURE, NATURE 274: 813 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "34",
      "DOI": "10.1111/1523-1747.ep12510569",
      "volume": "79",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "SAUDER, D.N., EPIDERMAL-CELL PRODUCTION OF THYMOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR (ETAF), JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 79: 34 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "56",
      "DOI": "10.1038/309056a0",
      "volume": "309",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "SCALA, G, HUMAN LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES ARE POTENT PRODUCERS OF INTERLEUKIN-1, NATURE 309: 56 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2177",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.128.5.2177",
      "volume": "128",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "SCHMIDT, J.A., INTERLEUKIN-1, A POTENTIAL REGULATOR OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 128: 2177 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "137",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60920-7",
      "volume": "31",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "SMITH, K.A., T-CELL GROWTH-FACTOR AND THE CULTURE OF CLONED FUNCTIONAL T-CELLS, ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY 31: 137 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "first-page": "151",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Smith, K. A., Genetics of the Immune Response: 151 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Genetics of the Immune Response"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "first-page": "2757",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2757 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FED P FED AM SOC EXP"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "first-page": "2762",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2762 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FED P FED AM SOC EXP"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "first-page": "2772",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "WATSON, J.D., FED P FED AM SOC EXP 42: 2772 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FED P FED AM SOC EXP"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "first-page": "2747",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "WATSON, J.D., MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERLEUKIN-2, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 42: 2747 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.3872478",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-14T10:02:25Z",
    "timestamp": 1705226545000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.3872478"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1985,
        4,
        26
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 33,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4698",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1985,
          4,
          26
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.3872478"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3872478",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1985,
        4,
        26
      ]
    ]
  }
}