Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule: Structure, Immunoglobulin-Like Domains, Cell Surface Modulation, and Alternative RNA Splicing
10.1126/science.3576199
Crossref journal-article
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Science (221)
Abstract

The neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, appears on early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites of morphogenesis. Later in development it is found on various differentiated tissues and is a major CAM mediating adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. To provide a molecular basis for understanding N-CAM function, the complete amino acid sequences of the three major polypeptides of N-CAM and most of the noncoding sequences of their messenger RNA's were determined from the analysis of complementary DNA clones and were verified by amino acid sequences of selected CNBr fragments and proteolytic fragments. The extracellular region of each N-CAM polypeptide includes five contiguous segments that are homologous in sequence to each other and to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, suggesting that interactions among immunoglobulin-like domains form the basis for N-CAM homophilic binding. Although different in their membrane-associated and cytoplasmic domains, the amino acid sequences of the three polypeptides appear to be identical throughout this extracellular region (682 amino acids) where the binding site is located. Variations in N-CAM activity thus do not occur by changes in the amino acid sequence that alter the specificity of binding. Instead, regulation is achieved by cell surface modulation events that alter N-CAM affinity, prevalence, mobility, and distribution on the surface. A major mechanism for modulation is alternative RNA splicing resulting in N-CAM's with different cytoplasmic domains that differentially interact with the cell membrane. Such regulatory mechanisms may link N-CAM binding function with other primary cellular processes during the embryonic development of pattern.

Bibliography

Cunningham, B. A., Hemperly, J. J., Murray, B. A., Prediger, E. A., Brackenbury, R., & Edelman, G. M. (1987). Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule: Structure, Immunoglobulin-Like Domains, Cell Surface Modulation, and Alternative RNA Splicing. Science, 236(4803), 799–806.

Authors 6
  1. Bruce A. Cunningham (first)
  2. John J. Hemperly (additional)
  3. Ben A. Murray (additional)
  4. Ellen A. Prediger (additional)
  5. Robert Brackenbury (additional)
  6. Gerald M. Edelman (additional)
References 74 Referenced 834
  1. AMZEL, L.M., 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 48: 961 (1979). (10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.004525) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1979)
  2. ARQUINT, M, MOLECULAR-CLONING AND PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 600 (1987). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1987)
  3. BALCAREK, J.M., STRUCTURE OF THE MOUSE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN GENE - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MULTIGENE FAMILY, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 13: 5527 (1985). (10.1093/nar/13.15.5527) / NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (1985)
  4. BARTHELS, M, EMBO J 6: 907 (1987). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04837.x) / EMBO J (1987)
  5. BECKER, J.W., 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 4225 (1985). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1985)
  6. BOURGOIS, A, EVIDENCE FOR AN ANCESTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE CODING FOR HALF A DOMAIN, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 12: 873 (1975). (10.1016/0019-2791(75)90244-X) / IMMUNOCHEMISTRY (1975)
  7. CHARO, I.F., PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN-IIB AND GLYCOPROTEIN-IIIA - EVIDENCE FOR A FAMILY OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY AND STRUCTURALLY RELATED GLYCOPROTEINS IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 8351 (1986). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1986)
  8. CHUONG, C.M., ALTERATIONS IN NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE NERVOUS-SYSTEM, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 4: 2354 (1984). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-09-02354.1984) / JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (1984)
  9. CLEVELAND, D.W., PEPTIDE MAPPING BY LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS IN SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE AND ANALYSIS BY GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 252: 1102 (1977). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75212-0) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1977)
  10. COLE, G.J., TOPOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF THE HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE N-CAM, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 103: 1739 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.103.5.1739) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  11. CROSSIN, K.L., MAPPING OF 3 CARBOHYDRATE ATTACHMENT SITES IN EMBRYONIC AND ADULT FORMS OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 99: 1848 (1984). (10.1083/jcb.99.5.1848) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1984)
  12. CROSSIN, K.L., EXPRESSION SEQUENCES OF CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 6942 (1985). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1985)
  13. CUNNINGHAM, B.A., STRUCTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BETA2-MICROGLOBULIN, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 35: 1171 (1976). / FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS (1976)
  14. CUNNINGHAM, B.A., MOLECULAR TOPOGRAPHY OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE N-CAM - SURFACE ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF SIALIC ACID-RICH AND BINDING REGIONS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 80: 3116 (1983). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1983)
  15. 10.1016/0147-619X(85)90053-8
  16. DEUSTACHIO, P, CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF THE GENE ENCODING THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM) IN THE MOUSE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 7631 (1985). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1985)
  17. EDELMAN, G.M., CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES IN THE REGULATION OF ANIMAL FORM AND TISSUE PATTERN, ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL BIOLOGY 2: 81 (1986). (10.1146/annurev.cb.02.110186.000501) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  18. EDELMAN, G.M., BIOCHEMISTRY 9: 3188 (1970). (10.1021/bi00818a011) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1970)
  19. EDELMAN G.M. CELL CONTACT ADHESIO (1985).
  20. 10.1126/science.769162
  21. FINNE, J, OCCURRENCE OF ALPHA-2-8 LINKED POLYSIALOSYL UNITS IN A NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 112: 482 (1983). (10.1016/0006-291X(83)91490-0) / BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (1983)
  22. 10.1126/science.7196087
  23. GALLIN, W.J., ANTIBODIES TO LIVER-CELL ADHESION MOLECULE PERTURB INDUCTIVE INTERACTIONS AND ALTER FEATHER PATTERN AND STRUCTURE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 8235 (1986). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1986)
  24. GALLIN, W.J., ISOLATION OF A CDNA CLONE FOR THE LIVER-CELL ADHESION MOLECULE (L-CAM), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 2809 (1985). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1985)
  25. GAZIN, M.R., EMBO J 5: 2241 (1986). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04491.x) / EMBO J (1986)
  26. GENNARINI, G, STUDIES ON THE TRANSMEMBRANE DISPOSITION OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE N-CAM - A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY RECOGNIZING A CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN AND EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHOSERINE RESIDUES, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 142: 57 (1984). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08250.x) / EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (1984)
  27. GENNARINI, G, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MOUSE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM) MESSENGER-RNA SPECIES DURING BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT AND IN NEURAL CELL-LINES, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 6: 1983 (1986). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-07-01983.1986) / JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (1986)
  28. HE, H.T., PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL IS INVOLVED IN THE MEMBRANE ATTACHMENT OF NCAM-120, THE SMALLEST COMPONENT OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE, EMBO JOURNAL 5: 2489 (1986). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04526.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1986)
  29. HEMPERLY, J.J., SEQUENCE OF A CDNA CLONE ENCODING THE POLYSIALIC ACID-RICH AND CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE N-CAM, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 3037 (1986). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1986)
  30. HEMPERLY, J.J., CDNA CLONES OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM) LACKING A MEMBRANE-SPANNING REGION CONSISTENT WITH EVIDENCE FOR MEMBRANE ATTACHMENT VIA A PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL INTERMEDIATE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 9822 (1986). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1986)
  31. HOFFMAN, S, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE PURIFIED FROM EMBRYONIC BRAIN MEMBRANES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 257: 7720 (1982). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34441-7) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1982)
  32. HOFFMAN, S, KINETICS OF HOMOPHILIC BINDING BY EMBRYONIC AND ADULT FORMS OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 80: 5762 (1983). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1983)
  33. HOFFMAN, S, EVOLUTIONARY CONSERVATION OF KEY STRUCTURES AND BINDING FUNCTIONS OF NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 81: 6881 (1984). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1984)
  34. HOFFMAN S unpublished data.
  35. HUMPHRIES, M.J., IDENTIFICATION OF AN ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED SITE IN HUMAN-PLASMA FIBRONECTIN THAT MEDIATES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC ADHESION, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 103: 2637 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.103.6.2637) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  36. KABAT E.A. SEQUENCES PROTEINS I (1983).
  37. KOMINAMI, R, NOVEL REPETITIVE SEQUENCE FAMILIES SHOWING SIZE AND FREQUENCY POLYMORPHISM IN THE GENOMES OF MICE, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 165: 209 (1983). (10.1016/S0022-2836(83)80254-X) / JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1983)
  38. LAWLER, J, THE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN THROMBOSPONDIN, AN ADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEIN WITH MULTIPLE CALCIUM-BINDING SITES AND HOMOLOGIES WITH SEVERAL DIFFERENT PROTEINS, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 103: 1635 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.103.5.1635) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  39. 10.1126/science.2983426
  40. LITTMAN, D.R., UNUSUAL INTRON IN THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAIN OF THE NEWLY ISOLATED MURINE CD4 (L3T4) GENE, NATURE 325: 453 (1987). (10.1038/325453a0) / NATURE (1987)
  41. LOW, M.G., COVALENTLY ATTACHED PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL AS A HYDROPHOBIC ANCHOR FOR MEMBRANE-PROTEINS, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 11: 212 (1986). (10.1016/0968-0004(86)90009-5) / TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES (1986)
  42. LYLES, J.M., BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE D2-CELL ADHESION MOLECULE - POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT, AND DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 99: 2082 (1984). (10.1083/jcb.99.6.2082) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1984)
  43. MADDON T COMMUNICATION.
  44. Maniatis, T., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual: 230 (1982). / Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (1982)
  45. 10.1016/S0076-6879(80)65059-9
  46. MCLACHLAN, A. D., PROTIDES OF THE BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS 28: 29 (1980). / PROTIDES OF THE BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS (1980)
  47. 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035
  48. MURRAY, B.A., ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED MESSENGER-RNAS CODE FOR DIFFERENT POLYPEPTIDE-CHAINS OF THE CHICKEN NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM), JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 102: 189 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.102.1.189) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  49. MURRAY, B.A., CELL-SURFACE MODULATION OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE RESULTING FROM ALTERNATIVE MESSENGER-RNA SPLICING IN A TISSUE-SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 103: 1431 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.103.4.1431) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  50. MURRAY, B.A., ISOLATION OF CDNA CLONES FOR THE CHICKEN NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 81: 5584 (1984). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1984)
  51. NGUYEN, C, LOCALIZATION OF THE HUMAN NCAM GENE TO BAND-Q23 OF CHROMOSOME-11 - THE 3RD GENE CODING FOR A CELL-INTERACTION MOLECULE MAPPED TO THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE LONG ARM OF CHROMOSOME-11, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 102: 711 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.102.3.711) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  52. OWENS, G.C., ORGANIZATION OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE (N-CAM) GENE - ALTERNATIVE EXON USAGE AS THE BASIS FOR DIFFERENT MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED DOMAINS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 294 (1987). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1987)
  53. POLLERBERG, E.G., SELECTIVE EXPRESSION OF THE 180-KD COMPONENT OF THE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE N-CAM DURING DEVELOPMENT, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 101: 1921 (1985). (10.1083/jcb.101.5.1921) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1985)
  54. POLLERBERG, E.G., NATURE 324: 462 (1986). (10.1038/324462a0) / NATURE (1986)
  55. ROTHBARD, J.B., DIFFERENCES IN THE CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURES OF NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES FROM ADULT AND EMBRYONIC CHICKEN BRAINS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 257: 11064 (1982). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33933-4) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1982)
  56. ROUGON, G, TISSUE-SPECIFIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE-SPECIFIC FORMS OF A NEURAL CELL-SURFACE ANTIGEN LINKED TO DIFFERENCES IN GLYCOSYLATION OF A COMMON POLYPEPTIDE, EMBO JOURNAL 1: 1239 (1982). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb00019.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1982)
  57. ROUGON, G, STRUCTURAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMINO-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF MAMMALIAN NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 261: 3396 (1986). (10.1016/S0021-9258(17)35796-4) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1986)
  58. RUOSLAHTI, E, ARG-GLY-ASP - A VERSATILE CELL RECOGNITION SIGNAL, CELL 44: 517 (1986). (10.1016/0092-8674(86)90259-X) / CELL (1986)
  59. SADOUL, R, ADULT AND EMBRYONIC MOUSE NEURAL CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES HAVE DIFFERENT BINDING-PROPERTIES, NATURE 304: 347 (1983). (10.1038/304347a0) / NATURE (1983)
  60. SALZER, J.L., THE AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES OF THE MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEINS - HOMOLOGY TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE SUPERFAMILY, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 104: 957 (1987). (10.1083/jcb.104.4.957) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1987)
  61. 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
  62. 10.1126/science.6474186
  63. SORKIN B.C. unpublished data.
  64. SPERRY, R.W., CHEMOAFFINITY IN ORDERLY GROWTH OF NERVE FIBER PATTERNS AND CONNECTIONS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 50: 703 (1963). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1963)
  65. STUMPH, W.E., CHARACTERIZATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SEQUENCES AT THE 5' AND 3' BORDERS OF THE 100-KILOBASE PAIR OVALBUMIN GENE DOMAIN, BIOCHEMISTRY 22: 306 (1983). (10.1021/bi00271a012) / BIOCHEMISTRY (1983)
  66. STUMPH, W.E., GENOMIC STRUCTURE AND POSSIBLE RETROVIRAL ORIGIN OF THE CHICKEN CR-1 REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCE FAMILY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 81: 6667 (1984). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1984)
  67. SUTCLIFFE, J.G., IDENTIFYING THE PROTEIN PRODUCTS OF BRAIN-SPECIFIC GENES WITH ANTIBODIES TO CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED PEPTIDES, CELL 33: 671 (1983). (10.1016/0092-8674(83)90010-7) / CELL (1983)
  68. TAMKUN, J.W., STRUCTURE OF INTEGRIN, A GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN THE TRANSMEMBRANE LINKAGE BETWEEN FIBRONECTIN AND ACTIN, CELL 46: 271 (1986). (10.1016/0092-8674(86)90744-0) / CELL (1986)
  69. 10.1093/nar/14.11.4683
  70. WATANABE, M, TOPOGRAPHY OF N-CAM STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DETERMINANTS .1. CLASSIFICATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY EPITOPES, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 103: 1721 (1986). (10.1083/jcb.103.5.1721) / JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (1986)
  71. Williams, A. F., Gene Expression during Normal and Malignant Differentiation: 125 (1985). / Gene Expression during Normal and Malignant Differentiation (1985)
  72. 10.1126/science.6177036
  73. YAMAMOTO, T, THE HUMAN LDL RECEPTOR - A CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN WITH MULTIPLE ALU SEQUENCES IN ITS MESSENGER-RNA, CELL 39: 27 (1984). (10.1016/0092-8674(84)90188-0) / CELL (1984)
  74. 10.1126/science.6356359
Dates
Type When
Created 18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 4:28 p.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2024, 4:50 a.m.)
Indexed 1 day, 11 hours ago (Sept. 4, 2025, 9:39 a.m.)
Issued 38 years, 3 months ago (May 15, 1987)
Published 38 years, 3 months ago (May 15, 1987)
Published Print 38 years, 3 months ago (May 15, 1987)
Funders 0

None

@article{Cunningham_1987, title={Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule: Structure, Immunoglobulin-Like Domains, Cell Surface Modulation, and Alternative RNA Splicing}, volume={236}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3576199}, DOI={10.1126/science.3576199}, number={4803}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Cunningham, Bruce A. and Hemperly, John J. and Murray, Ben A. and Prediger, Ellen A. and Brackenbury, Robert and Edelman, Gerald M.}, year={1987}, month=may, pages={799–806} }