DOI: 10.1126/science.316188. Cigarette Smoking Induces Functional Antiprotease Deficiency in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

Cigarette Smoking Induces Functional Antiprotease Deficiency in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

10.1126/science.316188

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Current concepts of the pathogenesis of emphysema suggest that it results from an imbalance of elastase and antielastase activity within the alveolar structures. Although emphysema that is associated with hereditary deficiency of serum α 1 -antitrypsin conforms to this scheme, the major risk factor in the more common form of emphysema is cigarette smoking. A study was designed to evaluate the premise that cigarette smoking may be associated with an acquired, functional defect in lung α 1 -antitrypsin. Determination of the antielastase activity of α 1 -antitrypsin obtained from the lungs of smoking and nonsmoking individuals revealed a nearly twofold reduction in the functional activity of this elastase inhibitor in the lungs of cigarette smokers. These data suggest that cigarette smokers may lose some of the normal antielastase protective screen of the lower respiratory tract, making them more vulnerable to destructive lung disease.

Bibliography

Gadek, J. E., Fells, G. A., & Crystal, R. G. (1979). Cigarette Smoking Induces Functional Antiprotease Deficiency in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans. Science, 206(4424), 1315â1316.

Authors 3

James E. Gadek (first)
Gerald A. Fells (additional)
Ronald G. Crystal (additional)

References 31 Referenced 262

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AUERBACH, O, RELATION OF SMOKING AND AGE TO EMPHYSEMA - WHOLE-LUNG SECTION STUDY, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 286: 853 (1972). (10.1056/NEJM197204202861601) / NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (1972)
AUERBACK, O, HSM727516 DHEW PUB: CH3 (1972). / HSM727516 DHEW PUB (1972)
BLUE, M.L., POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF EMPHYSEMA IN CIGARETTE SMOKERS - RELEASE OF ELASTASE FROM HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES BY CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE INVITRO, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 117: 317 (1978). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1978)
CARP, H, POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF EMPHYSEMA IN SMOKERS - INVITRO SUPPRESSION OF SERUM ELASTASE INHIBITORY CAPACITY BY FRESH CIGARETTE-SMOKE AND ITS PREVENTION BY ANTIOXIDANTS, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 118: 617 (1978). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1978)
CARP, H, INVITRO SUPPRESSION OF SERUM ELASTASE-INHIBITORY CAPACITY BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATED BY PHAGOCYTOSING POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 63: 793 (1979). (10.1172/JCI109364) / JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (1979)
COHEN, A.B., EFFECTS INVIVO AND INVITRO OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO PURIFIED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN AND TO THE ENZYME-INHIBITING ACTIVITY OF PLASMA, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 119: 953 (1979). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1979)
CRYSTAL, R.G., IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS - CLINICAL, HISTOLOGIC, RADIOGRAPHIC, PHYSIOLOGIC, SCINTIGRAPHIC, CYTOLOGIC, AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS, ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 85: 769 (1976). (10.7326/0003-4819-85-6-769) / ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (1976)
ERIKSSON, S, ACTA MED SCAND 177: 175 (1964). / ACTA MED SCAND (1964)
GADEK J UNPUBLISHED.
HANCE, A.J., STATE OF ART - CONNECTIVE-TISSUE OF LUNG, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 112: 657 (1975). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1975)
HARRIS, J, CLIN RES 24: 385 (1976). / CLIN RES (1976)
HUNNINGHAKE, G.W., INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN-LUNG IN HEALTH AND DISEASE - EVALUATION BY BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 97: 149 (1979). / AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (1979)
Hunninghake, G., Chest 77 Supplement: 273 (1980). (10.1378/chest.77.2.273) / Chest (1980)
JANOFF, A, EXPERIMENTAL EMPHYSEMA INDUCED WITH PURIFIED HUMAN NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE - TISSUE LOCALIZATION OF INSTILLED PROTEASE, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 115: 461 (1977). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1977)
JANOFF, A, POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF EMPHYSEMA IN SMOKERS - CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE SUPPRESSES PROTEASE INHIBITION INVITRO, AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 116: 65 (1977). / AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE (1977)
JOHNSON, D, STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR METHIONINE AT REACTIVE SITE OF HUMAN ALPHA-1-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 253: 7142 (1978). (10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34475-7) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1978)
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LAURELL, C.B., ELECTROPHORETIC ALPHA1-GLOBULIN PATTERN OF SERUM IN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 15: 132 (1963). (10.1080/00365516309051324) / SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION (1963)
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PETTY, T.L., CIGARETTE SMOKING AND LUNGS - RELATION TO POSTMORTEM EVIDENCE OF EMPHYSEMA CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND BLACK LUNG PIGMENTATION, ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 14: 172 (1967). (10.1080/00039896.1967.10664709) / ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (1967)
REYNOLDS, H.Y., ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS AND RESPIRATORY CELLS OBTAINED FROM HUMAN LUNGS BY BRONCHIAL LAVAGE, JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 84: 559 (1974). / JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE (1974)
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Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 12:39 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 13, 2024, 3:52 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 16 hours ago (Sept. 4, 2025, 10 a.m.)
Issued	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 14, 1979)
Published	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 14, 1979)
Published Print	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 14, 1979)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Gadek_1979, title={Cigarette Smoking Induces Functional Antiprotease Deficiency in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans}, volume={206}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.316188}, DOI={10.1126/science.316188}, number={4424}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Gadek, James E. and Fells, Gerald A. and Crystal, Ronald G.}, year={1979}, month=dec, pages={1315–1316} }

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