Discrete Atom Imaging of One-Dimensional Crystals Formed Within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
10.1126/science.289.5483.1324
Crossref journal-article
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Science (221)
Abstract

The complete crystallography of a one-dimensional crystal of potassium iodide encapsulated within a 1.6-nanometer-diameter single-walled carbon nanotube has been determined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Individual atoms of potassium and iodine within the crystal were identified from a phase image that was reconstructed with a modified focal series restoration approach. The lattice spacings within the crystal are substantially different from those in bulk potassium iodide. This is attributed to the reduced coordination of the surface atoms of the crystal and the close proximity of the van der Waals surface of the confining nanotube.

Bibliography

Meyer, R. R., Sloan, J., Dunin-Borkowski, R. E., Kirkland, A. I., Novotny, M. C., Bailey, S. R., Hutchison, J. L., & Green, M. L. H. (2000). Discrete Atom Imaging of One-Dimensional Crystals Formed Within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science, 289(5483), 1324–1326.

Authors 8
  1. Rüdiger R. Meyer (first)
  2. Jeremy Sloan (additional)
  3. Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski (additional)
  4. Angus I. Kirkland (additional)
  5. Miles C. Novotny (additional)
  6. Sam R. Bailey (additional)
  7. John L. Hutchison (additional)
  8. Malcolm L. H. Green (additional)
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  18. The microscope has a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.57 mm and a point resolution of 0.16 nm. EDX spectra were recorded from discrete SWNTs by using an Oxford Instruments ISIS 300 system with a 5-nm-diameter probe. Images of filled nanotubes located over holes in the carbon support film were acquired at a magnification of ×600 000 using a 1024-pixel Gatan 794 charge-coupled device camera. The microscope alignment was corrected for axial coma and twofold astigmatism with power spectra obtained from amorphous regions of the carbon support film. Six images of the support film (two axial and four with orthogonal tilts) were used to determine that the threefold astigmatism coefficient of the microscope is 855 nm. This value was used in the restoration. The magnification was calibrated with a Si<110> crystal.
  19. The focal increment between images was 8 nm and the exposure time for each image was 1 s. A final image with the same nominal defocus as the initial image was obtained to assess the extent of beam damage. The images were processed with a method for crystalline materials that have insufficient amorphous material to allow aberration determination by conventional means. Relative defocus values and initial registration vectors were determined with a 300-pixel area adjacent to the nanotube. Because of different drift rates for different regions of the nanotube registration vectors were found for 12 small overlapping subregions. For each subregion an initial restored wave function was calculated. The positional alignment was then refined and the absolute defocus and astigmatism were determined for each region by using the phase correlation index [
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  21. ]. The defocus values of the nanotube itself (and the independently determined value of the threefold astigmatism) were used to produce restorations that included a deconvolution of the modulation transfer function of the detector [
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  23. ]. The subregions were combined to give the final restoration shown in Fig. 1A.
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  30. We thank W. O. Saxton G. Brown S. Friedrichs C. Xu V. C. Williams K. S. Coleman A. P. E. York E. Flahaut and R. L. Callender for contributions to this work which was supported by the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society (grant 33765-AC5) the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grants GR/L59238 GR/L22324 and GR/L10680) JEOL and Colebrand.
Dates
Type When
Created 23 years ago (July 27, 2002, 5:40 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 13, 2024, 4:41 a.m.)
Indexed 1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 3, 2025, 4:21 p.m.)
Issued 24 years, 11 months ago (Aug. 25, 2000)
Published 24 years, 11 months ago (Aug. 25, 2000)
Published Print 24 years, 11 months ago (Aug. 25, 2000)
Funders 0

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@article{Meyer_2000, title={Discrete Atom Imaging of One-Dimensional Crystals Formed Within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes}, volume={289}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5483.1324}, DOI={10.1126/science.289.5483.1324}, number={5483}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Meyer, Rüdiger R. and Sloan, Jeremy and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E. and Kirkland, Angus I. and Novotny, Miles C. and Bailey, Sam R. and Hutchison, John L. and Green, Malcolm L. H.}, year={2000}, month=aug, pages={1324–1326} }