Abstract
Heating of a ruthenium surface on which carbon monoxide and atomic oxygen are coadsorbed leads exclusively to desorption of carbon monoxide. In contrast, excitation with femtosecond infrared laser pulses enables also the formation of carbon dioxide. The desorption is caused by coupling of the adsorbate to the phonon bath of the ruthenium substrate, whereas the oxidation reaction is initiated by hot substrate electrons, as evidenced by the observed subpicosecond reaction dynamics and density functional calculations. The presence of this laser-induced reaction pathway allows elucidation of the microscopic mechanism and the dynamics of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction.
References
36
Referenced
431
-
Ho W., Acc. Chem. Res. 31, 567 (1998);
(
10.1021/ar9501784
) / Acc. Chem. Res. by Ho W. (1998) 10.1126/science.278.5345.1931
-
Gimzewski J. K. Joachim C. 283 1683 (1999) .
(
10.1126/science.283.5408.1683
) -
H.-L. Dai and W. Ho Eds. Laser Spectroscopy and Photochemistry on Metal Surfaces (World Scientific Singapore 1995) pp. 625–1045;
(
10.1142/2340-part2
) -
Cavanagh R. R., King D. S., Stephenson J. C., Heinz T. F., J. Phys. Chem. 97, 786 (1993).
(
10.1021/j100106a002
) / J. Phys. Chem. by Cavanagh R. R. (1993) -
Kao F.-J., Busch D. G., Gomes da Costa D., Ho W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 4098 (1993);
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.4098
) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by Kao F.-J. (1993) -
Busch D. G. Ho W. 77 1338 (1996).
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.1338
) -
Deliwala S., et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 242, 627 (1995);
(
10.1016/0009-2614(95)00791-2
) / Chem. Phys. Lett. by Deliwala S. (1995) -
Finlay R. J. Her T. H. Wu C. Mazur E. 274 499 (1997);
(
10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00708-2
) -
Her T. H., Finlay R. J., Wu C., Mazur E., J. Chem. Phys. 108, 8595 (1998).
(
10.1063/1.476289
) / J. Chem. Phys. by Her T. H. (1998) -
A. Böttcher H. Niehus S. Schwegman H. Over G. Ertl J. Phys. Chem. B 101 11185 (1997).
(
10.1021/jp9726899
) -
Kostov K. L., Rauscher H., Menzel D., Surf. Sci. 278, 62 (1992).
(
10.1016/0039-6028(92)90584-S
) / Surf. Sci. by Kostov K. L. (1992) -
Budde F., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3024 (1991).
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.3024
) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by Budde F. (1991) -
Misewich J. A. Heinz T. F. Newns D. M. 68 3737 (1992).
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3737
) -
Madey T. E., Yates J. T., King D. A., Uhlaner C. J., J. Chem. Phys. 52, 5215 (1970).
(
10.1063/1.1672766
) / J. Chem. Phys. by Madey T. E. (1970) -
Yata M., Madix R. J., Surf. Sci. 328, 171 (1995);
(
10.1016/0039-6028(95)00037-2
) / Surf. Sci. by Yata M. (1995) - . 11 . The unoccupied 2π* orbital of CO thought to be relevant for electronically driven desorption [
-
Prybyla J. A., Tom H. W. K., Aumiller G. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 503 (1992);
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.503
) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by Prybyla J. A. (1992) - ] lies too far from the Fermi level [∼5 eV;
-
Benndorf C., et al., Surf. Sci. 191, 455 (1987);
(
10.1016/S0039-6028(87)81190-1
) / Surf. Sci. by Benndorf C. (1987) - ] to be accessible for the hot electrons so that the desorption is phonon-driven.
- We performed the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations using the pseudopotential plane wave method [
-
Bockstedte M., Kley A., Neugebauer J., Scheffler M., Comput. Phys. Commun. 107, 187 (1997);
(
10.1016/S0010-4655(97)00117-3
) / Comput. Phys. Commun. by Bockstedte M. (1997) - ; available at www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/fhimd/] with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation functional. We use ab initio fully separable norm-conserving DFT-GGA pseudopotentials [
- Troullier N., Martins J. L., Phys. Rev. B 43, 1991 (1993); / Phys. Rev. B by Troullier N. (1993)
- ] and take relativistic effects into account by using spin-averaged potentials. Further details can be found in (17). The calculated electronic eigenstates i are occupied according to the Fermi function f at finite temperatures f i = f ( ε i T el ) = [1 + exp( ε i − ε F /k B T el ] −1 where ε F is the Fermi energy. The spatial electron density n ( r ) is then optimized to minimize the free energy F [ T el ; n ] = E [ T el ; n ] − T el S [ T el ; n ]. Here S denotes the entropy associated with the occupancy of the Kohn-Sham orbitals. With Fermi broadening S reads [
10.1103/PhysRevB.46.16067
- ]: S=−kB ∑i [fi ln fi+(1−fi)ln(1−fi)] With this approach it is possible to study systems at high electronic temperatures by using density-functional theory.
-
Brandbyge M., et al., Phys. Rev. B 52, 6042 (1995).
(
10.1103/PhysRevB.52.6042
) / Phys. Rev. B by Brandbyge M. (1995) -
Struck L. M., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4576 (1996).
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.4576
) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by Struck L. M. (1996) - S. I. Anisimov B. L. Kapeliovich T. L. Perel'man Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 66 776 (1974) [ Sov. Phys. JETP 39 375 (1974)];
-
Anisimov S. I., Rethfeld B., Proc. SPIE 3093, 192 (1997).
(
10.1117/12.271674
) / Proc. SPIE by Anisimov S. I. (1997) - In principle τ el is dependent on electron temperature and therefore on time (13) but the fact that the response in the two-pulse correlation measurement is slow compared with the pulse duration and the proximity of the O electronic level to the Fermi level imply τ el ( t ) = τ el (0) = τ el .
-
Stampfl C., Schwegmann S., Over H., Scheffler M., Ertl G., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3371 (1996).
(
10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3371
) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by Stampfl C. (1996) -
Hoffmann F. M., Weisel M. D., Surf. Sci. 253, 59 (1991).
(
10.1016/0039-6028(91)90581-C
) / Surf. Sci. by Hoffmann F. M. (1991) - We gratefully acknowledge H.J. Bakker for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 450. The home page of the Ultrafast Surface Dynamics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut is available at www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/pc/femtos/. M.B. thanks the European Community (TMR program) for financial support.
@article{Bonn_1999, title={Phonon- Versus Electron-Mediated Desorption and Oxidation of CO on Ru(0001)}, volume={285}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5430.1042}, DOI={10.1126/science.285.5430.1042}, number={5430}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Bonn, M. and Funk, S. and Hess, Ch. and Denzler, D. N. and Stampfl, C. and Scheffler, M. and Wolf, M. and Ertl, G.}, year={1999}, month=aug, pages={1042–1045} }