DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5374.237. Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components

Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components

10.1126/science.281.5374.237

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed solar radiation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, reflecting the influence of physical and ecological processes. The spatial and temporal distributions of ocean NPP are consistent with primary limitation by light, nutrients, and temperature. On land, water limitation imposes additional constraints. On land and ocean, progressive changes in NPP can result in altered carbon storage, although contrasts in mechanisms of carbon storage and rates of organic matter turnover result in a range of relations between carbon storage and changes in NPP.

Bibliography

Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., & Falkowski, P. (1998). Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components. Science, 281(5374), 237â240.

Authors 4

Christopher B. Field (first)
Michael J. Behrenfeld (additional)
James T. Randerson (additional)
Paul Falkowski (additional)

References 63 Referenced 4,879

P. G. Falkowski and J. A. Raven Aquatic Photosynthesis (Blackwell Oxford UK 1997).
10.1038/358723a0
10.1126/science.281.5374.200
C. B. Osmond in Photosynthesis W. R. Briggs Ed. (Liss New York 1989) pp. 5–17.
10.2307/1930126
W. H. Schlesinger Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change (Academic Press San Diego CA 1991).
10.1029/96GB01667
N. Gruber J. L. Sarmiento T. F. Stocker ibid. p. 797.
10.1038/33675
McNaughton S. J., ibid. 345, 613 (1990). / ibid. by McNaughton S. J. (1990)
10.4319/lo.1997.42.7.1479
C. B. Field J. T. Randerson C. M. Malmström Remote Sens. Environ. 51 74 (1995). (10.1016/0034-4257(94)00066-V)
J. L. Monteith J. Appl. Ecol. 9 747 (1972). (10.2307/2401901)
10.1016/0079-6611(91)90004-6
P. J. Sellers Remote Sens. Environ. 21 143 (1987). (10.1016/0034-4257(87)90051-4)
10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001
10.1029/93JC03091
10.4319/lo.1992.37.4.0781
G. Russell P. G. Jarvis J. L. Monteith in Plant Canopies: Their Growth Form and Function G. Russell B. Marshall P. G. Jarvis Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1989) pp. 21–39. (10.1017/CBO9780511752308.003)
10.1029/93JD03221
10.1029/95GB02832
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R. R. Bidigare B. B. Prezelin R. C. Smith in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea P. G. Falkowski Ed. (Plenum New York 1992) pp. 175–212. (10.1007/978-1-4899-0762-2_11)
G. Joel J. A. Gamon C. B. Field Remote Sens. Environ. 62 176 (1997). (10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00093-X)
J. Runyon R. H. Waring S. N. Goward J. M. Welles Ecol. Appl. 4 226 (1994). (10.2307/1941929)
10.1029/93GB02725
Confidence in NPP estimates from these and similar models can be derived from several sources including ability to reproduce small-scale NPP measurements model intercomparisons ( 11 ) fidelity in tracking interannual variations in agricultural NPP over large regions [
10.1029/97GB01419
] and ability to reproduce the annual cycle of atmospheric CO 2 [W. Knorr and M. Heimann Tellus Ser. B 47 471 (1995; (10.3402/tellusb.v47i4.16062)
10.1029/97GB02268
] when coupled with appropriate atmospheric and heterotrophic models. Even with these approaches the actual values still include uncertainties related to both the data and the structure of the models.
10.1029/89EO00184
J. D. Tarpley S. R. Schneider R. L. Money J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 23 491 (1984). (10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0491:GVIFTN>2.0.CO;2)
The processed NDVI data set used for this report is from S. O. Los [thesis Vrije University Amsterdam (1998)].
Until the launch of SeaWiFS in September 1997 there was no single instrument appropriate for estimating APAR in the oceans and on land at the global scale. For the oceans there has been no color sensor at all since the end of the CZCS mission in 1986. For land the AVHRR instruments aboard the NOAA satellites have been invaluable even though their design was not optimized for vegetation monitoring.
10.1029/91JC01754
Sea-surface temperatures are climatological averages from the U.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas (CD-ROM) (Naval Command Oceanographic Detachment Center Asheville NC 1995) with processing described in ( 16 ).
Terrestrial temperatures were calculated for 1982 to 1990 from long-term averages ( 54 ) plus anomalies from the updated data set of J. Hansen and S. Lebedeff [ J. Geophys. Res. 92 13345 (1987)]. These temperatures were then averaged by month for the 9-year period.
Terrestrial precipitation was calculated for 1982 to 1990 from long-term averages ( 54 ) plus anomalies from C. B. Baker J. K. Eischeid T. R. Karl and H. F. Diaz (paper presented at Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology American Meteorological Society Dallas TX 1995). These values were then averaged by month over the 9-year period.
L. Zobler A world soil map for global climate modeling ( NASA Technical Memorandum 87802 NASA New York 1986).
R. S. DeFries and J. R. G. Townshend Int. J. Remote Sens. 15 3567 (1994). (10.1080/01431169408954345)
This estimate includes a 1 Pg of C contribution from macroalgae [
10.1126/science.211.4484.838
]. Differences in ocean NPP estimates in ( 16 ) and those in Fig. 1 and Table 1 result from (i) addition of Arctic and Antarctic monthly ice masks (ii) correction of a rounding error in previous calculations of pixel area and (iii) changes in the designation of the seasons to correspond with ( 3 ).
O. J. Koblentz-Mishke V. V. Volkovinsky J. G. Kabanova in Scientific Exploration of the South Pacific W. S. Wooster Ed. (National Academy of Science Washington DC 1970) pp. 183–193.
10.1126/science.199.4325.141
This value corresponds to an integrated phytoplankton from the surface to Z eu of about 15 mg m −2 .
M. V. Thompson and J. T. Randerson Global Change Biol. in press.
G. L. Pickard and W. J. Emery Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction (Pergamon Oxford UK 1982). (10.1016/B978-0-08-026279-6.50006-2)
Seasonal maps of global NPP are available at
10.1029/GB004i001p00005
10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1793
Over millennial time scales water and temperature are the dominant controlling factors for terrestrial NPP with effects of nutrient availability assuming a major role on interannual to decadal time scales ( 51 ) [
10.1029/96GB01524
10.1126/science.277.5325.494
On land but not in the oceans elevated atmospheric CO 2 could facilitate increased carbon storage per unit of stored nutrients through increased allocation to recalcitrant tissues with high ratios of carbon to nutrients [
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The CASA modeling activity has been supported through NASA's Earth Observing System program as part of an Interdisciplinary Science grant to P. J. Sellers and H. A. Mooney and a grant from the Western Regional Center of the Department of Energy National Institute for Global Environmental Change to C.B.F. The VGPM activity has been supported through NASA grants to P.F. and M.J.B. J.T.R. was supported by a NASA Earth System Science Graduate Student Fellowship. Thanks to A. Lowry D. Kolber Z. Kolber M. Thompson and C. Malmström for assistance in developing and exercising the models. This is Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Plant Biology publication 1279.

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 5:49 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 10:27 p.m.)
Indexed	15 hours, 54 minutes ago (Sept. 1, 2025, 6:32 a.m.)
Issued	27 years, 1 month ago (July 10, 1998)
Published	27 years, 1 month ago (July 10, 1998)
Published Print	27 years, 1 month ago (July 10, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Field_1998, title={Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components}, volume={281}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.237}, DOI={10.1126/science.281.5374.237}, number={5374}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Field, Christopher B. and Behrenfeld, Michael J. and Randerson, James T. and Falkowski, Paul}, year={1998}, month=jul, pages={237–240} }

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