Crossref journal-article
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Science (221)
Abstract

The anionic ruthenium cluster carbonylates [Ru 6 C(CO) 16 ] 2– or [H 2 Ru 10 (CO) 25 ] 2– interspersed with bis(triphenylphosphino)iminium counterions (PPN + ) are incorporated from solution into the pores of MCM-41 mesoporous silica (3 nanometers in diameter), where they form tightly packed arrays. These arrays were shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform optical diffraction, and computer simulations to be well ordered both along and perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical pores. In their denuded state produced by gentle thermolysis, the cluster carbonylates yield nanoparticles of ruthenium that are less well ordered than their assimilated precursors but show good activity as hydrogenation catalysts for hexene and cyclooctene. In both their as-prepared and denuded states, these encapsulated clusters are likely to exhibit interesting electronic and other properties.

Authors 8
  1. Wuzong Zhou (first)
  2. John Meurig Thomas (additional)
  3. Douglas S. Shephard (additional)
  4. Brian F. G. Johnson (additional)
  5. Don Ozkaya (additional)
  6. Thomas Maschmeyer (additional)
  7. Robert G. Bell (additional)
  8. Qingfeng Ge (additional)
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  22. Similar experiments at the Synchrotron Source (Daresbury Lab UK) will soon be carried out on MCM-41 I and II (D. S. Shephard and G. Sankar in preparation).
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  27. The hexagonal MCM-41 model with a framework based on silica glass structures was modeled by molecular dynamics [B. Vessal, M. Amini, D. Fincham, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 159, 184 (1993)]. The channel volume was excised from the glass structure, and the resulting dangling bonds were satisfied by H (to O) or by OH (to Si). The unit cell parameters are a = 3.703 nm andc = 7.98 nm. The pore wall thickness is∼0.6 nm. The resulting periodic structure was optimized by energy minimization with the program Discover [version 4.0.0; Molecular Simulations Inc., San Diego, CA (1996)] with the cff91_czeo force field [Hill J. R., Sauer J., J. Phys. Chem. 98, 1238 (1994)] and later with the program GULP [General Utility Lattice Program; J. D. Gale, Royal Institution and Imperial College, London (1991)]. Three clusters of [H2Ru10(CO)25][PPN]2were loaded with an intercluster distance of 2.66 nm. (10.1021/j100055a032) / J. Phys. Chem. by Hill J. R. (1994)
  28. For hydrogenation of hex-1-ene a 150-ml Teflon-lined autoclave equipped with a magnetic follower was charged with 8.2 mg of MCM-41–Ru 10 3.0 ml of hex-1-ene and H 2 at 65 atm. After heating to 393 K for 4 hours the vessel was cooled to ambient temperature and the contents analyzed by 1 H NMR to reveal >99% conversion to n -hexane. A subsequent run was performed with 12 ml of hex-1-ene to establish the turnover frequency (TOF). This gave 15% conversion to hex-2-ene and 50% conversion to hexane yielding a TOF of 4400-mol[Hex] {mol[Ru 10 ]} −1 hour −1 . For hydrogenation of cis -cyclooctene a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a magnetic follower was charged with ∼ 10 mg of MCM-41–Ru 6 10 ml of cis -cyclooctene and H 2 at 1 atm. The flask was kept at 298 K for 72 hours during which time the contents were analyzed by 1 H NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analysis showed a steady conversion to cyclooctane; no unconverted starting material was detected after 72 hours. From these results an overall TOF of ∼ 130 mol[Cyclo-C 8 ]{mol[Ru 6 ]} −1 hour −1 was calculated.
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  30. T. R. Felthouse et al. in Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials: Modern Synthetic Methods W. R. Mozer Ed. (Academic Press San Diego CA 1996) pp. 91–115.
  31. Supported by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) rolling grant (J.M.T.) postdoctoral research award (B.F.G.J.) a European Union (EU) TMR award (B.F.G.J.) an EU Fellowship TMR (T.M.) the University of Cambridge and the Royal Society for the Smithson Research Fellowship (Peterhouse) (D.S.S.). W.Z. thanks D. A. Jefferson for many helpful discussions.
Dates
Type When
Created 23 years ago (July 27, 2002, 5:42 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 13, 2024, 12:14 a.m.)
Indexed 1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 7, 2025, 9:06 a.m.)
Issued 27 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1998)
Published 27 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1998)
Published Print 27 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1998)
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@article{Zhou_1998, title={Ordering of Ruthenium Cluster Carbonyls in Mesoporous Silica}, volume={280}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5364.705}, DOI={10.1126/science.280.5364.705}, number={5364}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Zhou, Wuzong and Thomas, John Meurig and Shephard, Douglas S. and Johnson, Brian F. G. and Ozkaya, Don and Maschmeyer, Thomas and Bell, Robert G. and Ge, Qingfeng}, year={1998}, month=may, pages={705–708} }